English Grammar Aa jalaty) Aad! act 98 (duly gsi) dye Leu) Lene City glove) Quand Ay july) Rll) pyle As) g Lyall Gg eat) Lats dag i M65551170@[Link] Tel. 6555 1170TENSES _4—3Y! Basa) Hal lass Simple Present a always —usually—often | always go to work at seven clock. 1 You —We-They = V1 soeditien neeee She usually cooks nice meals. He—She—It-= V+s every../day ‘year/summer, | Abmed writes his homework everyday. Present Continuous iui ai) Tam studving English now. I=am+V. +ing now — look — listen They are watching at the moment. You —We —They = are+v+ ing at the moment Look ! the boy is playing with the knife He — She —It= is + V+ ing at the present time Present Perfect Gil pal ‘ rf — = . I haven't finished my homework yet. a. eee = suet yet They have just gone to the market He — She —It= has+V.3 eS SSE Ali has not come yet. Present Perfect Cont yaaa ip Laat Thave been working here since 2002, I. You-We-They= have fe beent Ving SE Ee: He has been living in Kuwait for ten He~She—It = has been +V+ ing years Simple Past Tal pala | yesterday — ago — once V2— played in the past — last... Ali bought a new car three days ago. went This morning — in 2012 ‘We played tennis last Friday. Past Continuous ial Us) When the bell rang , we were studying. You— We ~ They =were +V+ing While — When ~ as While I was plaving football , I fell LL. She ~ He ~ It= was + Ving down. Past Perfect ae He had booked a room before he after — before — until traveled to London had +V.3 as soon as - when After I had written my homework I L_ went out Future Simple é tomorrow — soon — shortly in the future — in 2020 will + V1 this evening — next Future Perfect ail Jatt by this ‘By the end of this month we will have will have + V3 by the end of... finished all the exams. I will travel to London ni ‘We will go to the club tomorrow 1- Ifyou study hard , you will pass the exam . - If she studies hard , she will pass the exam. «will + V1 AiG peal 6 jlaeall a] 2- If you studied hard , you would pass the exam. < would+ V1 Sst aaah puta ga 3- Efyou had studied hard , you would have passed the exam would have + V3. 386 lil) pzaball ea! The driver would have avoided the accident if he had been more careful. 33 sly Ncubige 65551170: duly gi slac} iin gate rs i irraela) Gall as Geely not did SY! dread) JA a1 am -is —are-was-ere-has-have- had—can—could-will- would-shall-should- must-may- might Ex. - He can swim. He cannot swim . (can't) (Make negative ) They are playing. They are not playing . (aren't) (5) J) Gas 9 Jel) SB (doesn’t) pS (5) Gua 08 6 dee Jad gs -2 Ex. Ali plays football . Ali doesn't play football . Und Gass Y.y Jadll Jub (don't) psdind (5) 258! Gul gylias ab ea -3 Ex. Igo to the club. I don't go to the club. sgheall Jail! eis Jail $8 (didn't) atdind (nals Jad a2 -4 Ex. She cooked lunch. She didn't cook lunch. I bought some books. I didn’t buy any books. Aalst) iiss (always — usually — sometimes ) Stas!) es -5 (5) J) Baas Y 5 Gis Su never Qed s ead Ex. She always gets up late . never gets up late . shy La) a eS Pa on 51170: dus 93) sac}2 Abagt Aya pl Sac lall JAN ode wei 1 am -is ~are-was-were-has-have- had-can-could-will-would-shall-should- must-may- might, Ex. — He can swim. Can he swim? a ce i Ale JL ill ppl iad ade They are playing tennis in the club. — ead gil el Where are they playing tennis ? wdaill a(s )u) coda y Aandi Js) (does ) atiioa (5) ciya oA) bases € betas Jad aa -2 Ali travels to London every summer. When does Ali travel to London ? ah US Saill opis 9 Abaatt Jyi (do) asStud (5) 0A) Qual gees ed a -3 1 go to the club twice aweek.—) (you) yd} (we) 9(1) Jgai :4Badte How often do you go to the club ? qsharall Jail) and y Aleall Sgl (did) ptdiodd pala Jad a4 We went to London by plane. <| How did you go to London ? (your) &! (our) (my) dgsi: Aire abghiuy) Gl gals Lait \ How much 44st s (si) aut as How many sali as How long Baral aS How often boa How far re How old ys aS How AS hy Set sceise2 Ga JN Gop Adal est 4aba) as fast as faster than the fastest as big as bigger than the biggest as heavy as heavier_than the heaviest ASI gi Gabel) oi3 Glial as Ainall ii as more than aii! the most asSiu! as modern as more modern than the most common “as common as more common than the most modern as beautiful as more beautiful than the most beautiful as important as more important than the most important SALE cline Irregular Adjectives __ (comparative & superlative ) Adjective Comparative | Superlative Example well (healthy) the best fruit is better than sweets. bad the worst | He is the worst driver I’ve ever seen. a little the least Food is less important than water. fees-maer fos [ar [ armor ea fa Janne Jactrace [avienenacrtoroe | [or [era [acti [srioentrrannen | [ascii [or ——[aveior [panera | [osgowatn for [water [anatase tm | sh sly sbi es _ 6555 1170 Sul gi) alse} 5Personal Pronow G3 ileal) Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns possessive adjective Asha cilia Subject form | Object form elit) 45 Jada possessive pronoun ‘all sada I my mine you your yours yourself his his himself her hers herself its its itself we ours ourselves you you yours ourselves they them theirs themselves Examples: “My house is on the corner. ar Tsaw her book on your table. ‘The house on the corner is mine. His hair is longer than hers. ‘He wants to borrow my book. ‘My dog is better than their dog. ‘We liked that movie, it was really funny. ‘The kids are yours, mine, and ours. ‘Tso appreciated his helping out. Whose book is on our desk? made it for you and me. Their mocking of him was inappropriate. ‘She gave me her book. They are my birds. I like them. The house is theirs and its paint is flaking. Ts his car really that fast? ILis not difficult. I cam answer it by myself. The money was really theirs not yours. Did you write your homework yourself? ‘We shall finally have what is rightfully ours. Write your homework yourselves. Their mother gets along well with yours. ‘We can paint the kitchen ourselves. ‘Your cat is pretty. Its eyes are blue. made the cake myself. They painted their house themselves. What's mine is yours, my friend. ‘Never underestimate one's value to his family. Ali solved the problem himself. John made himself pancakes for breakfast. Their singing inspired us very much. Tt is your cat. The cat is yours. ‘My mom made this dress herself. The teacher read all of the essays himself. |_My house is smaller than his. [appreciate your understanding of the matter. ) 6555 1170 )_atacl getThe Verb (Tobe) Gs& The forms of the verb (to be) essa! 6 jluaall Sessa) patel SG is pall be im — is - are Was - were been ia ied Tipe ah Base form jx) | _Prououns be ‘It can be simple. | [ L [ am Tam here. You are ‘You are here. sinpie Prevent __HeShete | ts Shes here | We are We are here. They ___are They are here. if [was Twas here, You were ‘You were here. He/shett was ‘She was here. | We were We were here. They were They were here. 1) | will be ‘Lwill be here. You |__will be You will be here. dese este, wile Sheer. We will be We will be here. [ They ‘will be They will be here. | Progressive form tapi) being He is being taken to school by bus. Perfect from l iach inst] been Ithas been done. | The verb (to be) in passive Voice: sdbogeall canal Gi SS Cyvere) 334s was 2 to - shall - should - must - may- might - will - would - can - could ) have — has — had (been 4 (were -was are -is-am) (being) ai -5, gh gly Ate Gubl ee 65551170: duly gi sta} . Aajeaiul guia pageThe Verb Tohave ) ly Chave-has ) had |] bust g teat |] atl pala I—you-we-they | have had he - she - it dipall Do you have a car? Thave a car. I don’t have a car. [Do they have a car? They have a car. | They don’t have a car. Do we have a car? You have a car. You don’t have a car. Do the boys have a car The boys have a car. The boys don’t have a car. Does he have a car? He has a car. He doesn’t have a car. Does she have a car? She has a ear. She doesn’t have a car. Does Ali have a car? ‘Ali has a car. Ali doesn’t have a car. have got - has got pre) etsy il Have you got a car? Thave got a car. Thaven’t got a car. Have they got a car? They have got a car. They haven't got a car. Have we got a car? ‘You have got a car. You haven't got a car Have the boys got a car? The boys have got a car. The boys haven't got a car. Has he got a car? He has got a car. He hasn’t got a car. Has she got a car? She has got a car. She hasn’t got a car. Has Ali got a car? Ali has got a car. Ali hasn’t got a car. Have to sey Do you have to go? Thave to go. Idon't have to g ‘Does he have to go? Algal) | He has to go. CLAN) | He doesn’t have to go Did she have to go? She had to go. She didn’t have to go. 38 gill, Wubi as 6555 1170 uly gel shee} 8_Passive Voice ___dsgxel sual | ws 8 ELH SU Vg Abert gi als 4y Spill eat < haves insted) Sa (been) eai-4 (were - was —are - is -am) 4 (being) 42-5 eSNG aaa (ob CI cs well ot} Gait gat Examples: 1- We keep faleons for hunting. Falcons are kept for hunting 2- I write my homework everyday. My homework is written everyday. 3- Thieves stole a precious painting from the museum. A precious painting was stolen from the museum. 4- The governments prepared our schools very well. Our schools were prepared very well. 5- The man will build a big house next year. A big house will be built next year. 6- Students should respect teachers. Teachers should be respected. 7- Huda has finished the exams. The exams have been finished. 8- We have finished the English exam. The English exam has been finished. 9- We are studying English now . English is being studied now 10-We are playing many sports in the club. Many sports are being played in the club. (was ! were )3 (is ct! are) 9 (has y! have ) ds) :4Ba.e «3 4s Spada) O15 13) GaSall 5 aye dy gaat! cls 13) ge silly Clgiaill ubi ae 65551170: duly ge alae} su gents SY erect ‘eal Al pla) (ya BseLaall Sl Soas a ll ou ill Upal dallas Gd soil oo!) alSiall Jgai chad Sigel Ainey sibel aD SLY Ci} ji) abil gall 1s all) pailuall adISIt ) Sgitall adit) aay Direct Speech |} Reported Examples fhe — she "Tam reading English now." [me — us] Lalisaia hat ne was reading English then they "We have won a prize” [fisher ___] tex ssia (that) ney had won a prize their "Twill travel with my father to London.” fivas _____] Life sai ne would travel with his father to London were. " Tcan do my homework alone.” Proud] Mary sain thay ste could do her vomewor: lone [could ___] witghe yon tis book tomorow Tage hae [fad] xz would give me that book te following day thi that "Don't speak up here.” [iiere _] [tbe teaches ordered snot to speateup there, now then "We visited the zoo yesterday" aman: the day after They had visited the zoo the day before yesterda \ < LL L a | 5 SE L SLL the day before __] [You are having an exam today.” that dar We were having an exam that day fio open (to is-=3)] [" Open the window.” He ordered me to open the window. not to 3 = Ta) do- does D it "Do you speak English?” agua) jcalall He asked me if I spoke English. EB [enele tele = ais Le ULL lhad+ V3e5 =e | / Where do you live ” ie He asked me where Lived ai sills Glial bl as 65551170: duly ss) alae} y Hit in isa ezLanguage Functions 1 gall) LaiLB gl! Zavell | Agreement _4iil gall Apology J}! Tadvise you to+v Tagree with you T'm sorry You should + v... You are right I'm so sorry It's better... Ok. I didn't mean it IfT were you I would. | Good idea Suggestion _¢\##¥! | Disagreement 444) yl! a | Preference sii! Let's+v... Tdon't agree Iprefer ...t0... How about +v+ing.. I disagree Llike ... more than... What about + v I'm not with you I'd rather... Why don't you. Rubbish I'd better... Isuggest we +... No. Obligation SY) | Approval Gust! Gratitude | dey arrive arrived | amived =| 23 mw | move moved | moved > | des | beg begsed | degsed =| 24 || open opened —_| opened 1 | ase | book booked | booked =| 25 Jadu» | pack packed | packed s | gay | chew chewed | chewed | 26 Ja» | paint painted | painted le ts | ten cleaned cleaned =| 27 | cab | pay played —_| played > | iy | close closed closed =| 28 |e | pray prayed | prayed s [2 | cool cooled | cooled | 29 |» | promise | promised | promised lo cy cried cried 30 | pull pulled pulled 0 | dey | deliver delivered | delivered |31 | de | push pushed pushed 1] fescite excited excited J 32 | Sue | race raced raced 2 finish | finished | finished [33 | Jas | replace replaced —_| replaced 2 flood flooded | flooded | 34 | iss | rush ished | rushed | vse | fold folded | folded 35 |e | scold seolded | scolded sie |rigete | igated | sizatea © [36 [aes | sigh sighed | sighed et | gliner | gtitered | atinered | 37 | ate | smile smiled | smiled 17 | ae heat heated heated 38 | tay start started started 8 | em hunt hunted hunted 39 | te travel travelled travelled 0 | | introduce | introduced | introduced | 40 | 33 | unite united united Po | oss | kiss Kissed | kissed 41 | ose |v visited | visited 1 | aay | laugh laughed | laughed 42 | dey | work worked worked Gxjplaill guido pago 1Ba) jluaidy) gay! Abbreviations Spellin; ais|Longform [Short form | 28! | Combine the following. 1 are not aren't 1 country +s = countries 2 | isnot isn't 2 | family + s= families 3 | were not weren't 3 city+s= cities 4 | was not wasn't 4 wife +s = wives 3 | donot don't 3 | wolf+s= wolves 6 | does not | doesn't 6 | thief +s = thieves 7 | did not didn’t 7 |gots= goes 8 |Iam Im 8 | faxt+s— faxes 9 |heis-hehas | he's 9 | watch +s= watches 10 | she is—she has | she's 10 | wish wishes 11 |Thave Tve 1 | glass + glasses 12 | Thad—Iwould | I'd 12. | fezts= | fezzes 13. | weare we're 13. | lie + ing lying 14 | you are you're 14 | tie+ing= tying 15_| they are they're 15 | die +ing= dying 16 | cannot can't 16 | live + ing = living 17 | September Sept 17 |make+ing= — | making 18 | Doctor Dr. 18 | travel + ed = travelled 19 | Letus Let's 19 | swim+ing= | swimming 20 | television TV 20 | hot + est = hottest 21 [Mister | Mr. 21 |use + full= | useful 22 | Wednesday | Wed. 22 | beauty~full —_| beautiful 23 | Thursday Thurs 23. | try+ed= | tried 24 | will not won't (32) [24 | study +ed= studied 25_| shall not shan't (48) | 25 | pay +ed = paid (343 Js’) gio 5 6555 1170 _: duty g:)_ alaebs BLN) Slay) | wenn, | anontne | simslonaet fa, |, | sng | amine | simpler | pst i ia | ee | tet | catciyaat |B | ie rye ya pled | ea iy id 1 | fy begin | began | begun 21 ae |teave — |left left 2 | 1% | break | broke | broken 22 |u| lend lent lent 3 |e [build oui — | buitt 23 | anw | lose lost lost 4 | cst |buy [bought | bought 24 |gea | make [made — | made 5 [ae [catch |eaught | caught 25 | aS» | nn ran run 6 | ah }eome | came come 26 | Js | say said said 7 |das | do did done 27 | sx | see saw seen 8 |Gse |drive [drove | driven 28 | utes | sit sat sat 9 | dsl | eat ate eaten 29 | Ay sleep slept slept 10 | tins | fall fell | fallen 30 | As: | speak | spoke —_| spoken Li ja [find | found | found 31 |Gue |steal stole —_| stolen 12 |e | fly flew flown 32 |e |swim [swam — | swum 13 | Jom: | get got got 33 |b | take took taken 14 | ceu [give | gave given 34 | oe | tell told told Is |as | go went | gone 35 [usb | wear [wore | worn 16 ame [hear heard | heard 36 | as | win won | won NT | Go | hit hit | hit 37 |S | write | wrote | written ts [gt |murt [hurt | hunt 38 Jos: |am-is | was been 9 | tains | keep kept | kept 39 [ius | are were | been po |e: |know | knew | known 40 |x | will would | ---