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Basic Probability Concepts Explained

The document provides an overview of basic concepts of probability, including definitions, calculations, and examples. It distinguishes between theoretical and empirical probability, emphasizing the importance of conducting multiple trials for accurate outcomes. Additionally, it introduces probability rules, including the complement rule and examples of set operations.

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14 views8 pages

Basic Probability Concepts Explained

The document provides an overview of basic concepts of probability, including definitions, calculations, and examples. It distinguishes between theoretical and empirical probability, emphasizing the importance of conducting multiple trials for accurate outcomes. Additionally, it introduces probability rules, including the complement rule and examples of set operations.

Uploaded by

stex4400
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

5.

01 : Basic Concepts of Probability

What is probability?

Definition: How to
Calculate:
Probability
Examples: P(A)=
number of
times A
occurs/Total
number of
outcomes
P(A) is read as the
possibility of A

Tools needed for probability:

Deck of cards Dice


A standard die has 6 sides

Each side of a dice has an equal chance of


being rolled

26/52 red

16/52 face (ace, jack, king queen)

Theoretical versus Empirical:


1/52 ace of clubs

8/52 red face

2/52 black queen


5/52 even spade

4//52 7

Theoretical Definition: the Empirical Definition: this is


outcome under ideal determined by observing
conditions. this is probability of outcomes of experiment. This
what should happen is what actually happened. (it
(should happen like a theory not doing it) is like an experiment like
actually doing it and show what
actually happened from DOING
IT)
The more trials and experiments u do, the more true or balanced our outcomes will start to
become. Like even.

Probability Rules:

Rule #1:

Rule #2:

Complement Rule:
1-0.2 = .8 or 80%

ex: 2 families come to meetup at


restaurant. Intersection would be 0 bc none of them are related in common. Union would be both
families sitting at the same table. Universal would be EVERYONE in the restaurant not just the
2 families.

A complement is everything except A

B complement is everything except B

For complements don’t include the intersection either. Only outside of the letter it says.
AUB’ is what wouldn’t be inside the circles.

A∩B’ is what wouldn’t be in the intersection.


Examples:
n = total amount in set

r = how many we r selecting

Exclamation is factorial. Ex: 3! Is 3*2*1 or 10 is 10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1

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