MAP (KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN)

A. CÁCH VIẾT:
Dạng chủ yếu trong IELTS là có MAP WITH TIME CHANGES. (để nói về sự thay đổi)
I/ INTRODUCTION:

The maps illustrate how (đối tượng) changed after some between…and…
The depict developments over a period of….years,
diagram describe changes made to (đối tượng) from…to…
The demonstrate a number of changes which took place in
drawing (đối tượng)
changes in the layout of (đối tượng)

Ex: The two maps depict changes in the layout of the school over a period of 5 years, from 2010 to 2015.
II/ OVERVIEW (viết sau cùng, nêu được đặc điểm chung):
Một số cấu trúc viết OVERVIEW:
 Overall, the (đối tượng) witnessed radical changes/modifications with the most noticeable
being…
 Overall, the (đối tượng) has seen significant modifications in terms of…
III/ MAIN: Khai thác những sự thay đổi dựa theo vị trí địa lý (chia trên/dưới, trái/phải)
1. topic sentence:
There are several changes at + vị trí chia (ex: the bottom half (nửa dưới)) of the…
The (ex: removal and modernization) of some facilities have also been witnessed on + vị trí.
B. NGÔN NGỮ SỬ DỤNG TRONG MAP:
I. NGÔN NGỮ CHỈ VỊ TRÍ:

 A ở gần B A is in the vicinity of B

A is in close proximity to B
A is a long distance away from B
 A ở xa B A is halfway/midway between B and C
 A ở giữa B và C A is behind/at the back of B
 A ở sau B A is directly opposite B
 A đối diện B A is at right angles/ perpendicular to B
 A vuông góc với B A is parallel to B
 A song song với B A is roughly/exactly in the middle/central of …
 A ở giữa của map A is nearby B
On the left/ right-hand side
within a walking distance
along
 A bên cạnh B
A is at the intersection of
 Ở khu vực bên trái/phải
A is at the T-junction of
 A ở gần B, cách vài bước chân
 dọc theo
 A ở điểm giao của
 A ở điểm giao hình chữ T

Tiếng Anh Nghĩa tiếng Việt

at the top ở phía trên

at the bottom ở phía dưới

on the left (hand side) ở phía bên trái

on the right (hand side) ở phía bên phải

in the centre / in the middle ở chính giữa

in the corner ở trong góc

in the top-left corner ở góc trên bên trái

in the top-right corner ở góc trên bên phải

in the bottom-left corner ở góc dưới bên trái

in the bottom-right corner ở góc dưới bên phải

→ at the top/bottom (section)

on the right/left hand side
in the top/bottom-left/right corner.
II. NGÔN NGỮ CHỈ SỰ THAY ĐỔI:

được xây lên constructed, erected, built

được xây lại rebuilt, reconstructed, renovated
được biến đổi be converted, transformed into sth
thành replaced by
được thay thế bởi relocated to
được dời tới extended, expanded
được mở rộng demolished, flattened, removed, eliminated, knocked down
bị dỡ bỏ cleared to make way for…
chopped down, cut-down
bị chặt đi (cây reopened
cối) upgraded, modernized, revolutionized
được khôi phục still remain, remain unchanged, remain intact
được nâng cấp have their sizes reduced (to accommodate more construction: để dành chỗ cho việc
vẫn còn xây dựng)
bị giảm kích bisect sth, divide … into two parts
thước

chia đôi

III. NGÔN NGỮ CHỈ BÊN TRONG CÁC KHU VỰC, TÒA NHÀ
 một dãy a set/ row of…
một khối a block of
tầng storey
nhà residential area, house
vòng xuyến roundabout
ở phía trên over the bridge
cầu

The two maps compare the layout of a school in 1985 and the present day, along with an increase in
student population. Overall, the school has undergone significant expansion and modernization to
accommodate an increasing number of students. Several new buildings have been constructed, open
spaces have been reduced, and some facilities have been repurposed.

The removal and modernization of some facilities have also been witnessed on top and the left side of the
school. One major change is the replacement of the library with a Learning Resources Center, which now
includes a computer room. While the office in the top-left corner remains unchanged, the small car park
and adjacent classrooms in the bottom-left quadrant (khung phần tư) have been removed. In their place, a
new set of classrooms has been added, along with a swimming pool and fitness centre, indicating a shift
towards promoting physical education.

On the opposite side, the original two-storey classroom block has been expanded vertically (lên trên) to
three storeys, and an additional classroom block has been constructed next to it. Furthermore, the playing
fields have been reduced in size, occupying only the lower-right portion of the current map.
Another noticeable alteration is the internal road layout. The straight road leading from the entrance to the
playing fields has been removed and replaced with a curved pathway looping around the larger doom-
shaped car park, which used to be erected in rectangle shape in 1985.

Thanks to a comprehensive transformation aimed at upgrading capacity and modernizing its facilities
while sacrificing some green space, this school has witnessed a sharp increase in the student population,
from 1,500 to 2,300

2. The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.

The two maps depict how the village of Rye Mouth has changed since 1995. Overall, the village has
witnessed radical modifications with the most noticeable being the elimination of the fishing industry, a
tremendous development in accommodation as well as the introduction of the sports facilities.

There are several modifications at the bottom half of the village. The sea in the south of the village used
to have a fishing port which is eliminated at present. Directly opposite the sea, the fish market has been
demolished to make way for a set of apartments, while the cafe in close proximity remains unchanged.
Looking at the other side of the road, a set of shops has been replaced by a row of restaurants.
Furthermore, the hotel which is directly opposite the cafe still remains at the same place; however, there
is a car park erected near the hotel now.

The removal and emergence of a number of facilities has also been witnessed at the village’s top half. In
the north-east, the forest park which occupied a majority of the village in 1995 has been flattened while
the farmland has been converted into a golf course having its size increased southwards so as to
accommodate the construction of two tennis courts. In the west, the main residential area around a main
road that runs from the coastal road comprised 12 houses in total, four of them were encircled by a
smaller side-street in 1995. In this day and age, despite the fact that the old houses are not modified, new
ones are constructed, along with the emergence of a new small road extended from the old street
surrounding the four old houses, and two new houses are built in the vicinity.