THIRD QUARTER
SCIENCE 10 - THIRD QUARTER, WEEK 1
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
GLANDS AND THEIR HORMONES
PINEAL GLAND
BRAIN HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLAND
THYMUS THYROID PANCREAS ADRENAL GLANDS OVARIES TESTES
SCIENCE 10 - THIRD QUARTER, WEEK 1
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify the major endocrine glands in the human body
2. Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems (S10LT-IIIb-34)
3. Explain the different disorders in the endocrine system
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the role of
hormones involved in the
female and male
reproductive systems
(S10LT-IIIb-34)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is
composed of glands that
secrete different types of
hormones that affect almost
every cell, organ, and
function of our body.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is
composed of different glands
which secrete hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth
and development, mood, and
reproduction.
HORMONES
The glands that make up the
endocrine system produce
chemical messengers called
hormones that travel
through the blood to other
parts of the body.
HORMONES
• organic substances released by the glands
of the endocrine system directly into the
bloodstream
• can change the physiological and
metabolic behaviors of its target cells to
maintain homeostasis
BRAIN
The brain relies on chemical messengers
sent by the endocrine system to transmit
instructions around the body via the
nervous system to key organs for growth
and metabolism.
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PINEAL GLAND
• secretes the hormone melatonin
• help control the circadian cycle of
sleep and wakefulness by secreting
melatonin
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PINEAL GLAND
Hormone Function
It helps with the timing
of your circadian
Melatonin rhythms (24-hour
internal clock) and with
sleep.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
• secretes hormones that stimulate or
suppress the release of hormones in the
pituitary gland
• control water balance, sleep,
temperature, appetite, blood pressure,
and mood
• Its main function is to keep your body in a
PITUITARY GLAND stable state called homeostasis.
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
In conjunction with the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus secretes the
following hormones:
Hormone Function
It helps to regulate the
Antidiuretic amount of water in the
hormone (ADH) body. This helps with
blood pressure control.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
In conjunction with the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus secretes the
following hormones:
Hormone Function
A hormone that helps
Corticotropin- regulate metabolism and
releasing immune response,
particularly in response
hormone (CRH)
to stress.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
In conjunction with the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus secretes the
following hormones:
Hormone Function
This causes the pituitary
Gonadotropin- gland to release
hormones that keep the
releasing sexual organs of both
hormone men and women
working properly.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
• also known as the hypophysis
• a part of our endocrine system and is in
charge of making several essential
hormones such as corticotrophin and
growth hormone
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
It facilitates childbirth
Oxytocin and the release of a
mother’s breast milk.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
It has many functions
Growth Hormone including maintaining
(GH) normal body structure
and metabolism.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
It causes the breasts to
grow and make milk
Prolactin (PRL) during pregnancy and
after birth.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
It supports sperm
production for males
Luteinizing
and plays a vital role in
Hormone (LH) the menstrual cycle for
females.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
Responsible for sperm
Follicle production for males
Stimulating and control the
menstrual cycle for
Hormone (FSH)
females.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
Its key function is to
stimulate the production
Adrenocorticotropic
and release of cortisol
hormone (ACTH) from the cortex of the
adrenal gland.
PITUITARY GLAND
BRAIN
PINEAL GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND
Hormone Function
It is the primary stimulus
Thyroid Stimulating for thyroid hormone
Hormone (TSH) production by the
thyroid gland.
PITUITARY GLAND
THYROID
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in
your neck. It makes two hormones that are
secreted into the blood: thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are
necessary for all the cells in your body to work
normally.
THYROID
Hormone Function
The hormone that
Thyroid Hormone controls your body's
metabolism
PARATHYROID
The parathyroid glands are two pairs of
small, oval-shaped glands. They are located
next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the
neck. Each gland is usually about the size of a
pea.
PARATHYROID
Hormone Function
It plays a key role in the
Parathormone regulation of calcium
levels in the blood.
THYMUS
Located behind your sternum and between
your lungs, is only active until puberty. After
puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and
become replaced by fat. Thymosin is the
hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the
development of disease-fighting T cells.
THYMUS
Hormone Function
It stimulates the
Thymosin development of disease-
fighting T cells.
ADRENAL GLANDS
They produce many important hormones,
including cortisol, aldosterone, and
adrenaline. The adrenal hormones help
regulate several bodily functions including
metabolism, blood pressure, and your body's
response to stress.
ADRENAL GLANDS
Hormone Function
It helps you prepare for
Adrenaline stressful or dangerous
situations.
PANCREAS
Produces enzymes that help to
digest food, particularly protein.
It makes the hormone insulin,
which helps to control blood
sugar levels.
PANCREAS
Hormone Function
Its main role is to control
glucose levels in our
Insulin bodies.
(Decreases)
PANCREAS
Hormone Function
Produced to maintain glucose
levels in the bloodstream
when fasting and to raise very
Glucagon low glucose levels.
(Increases)
TESTES
The testes are known as gonads. They
secrete testosterone, a hormone that is
vital to the normal development of
male physical characteristics.
TESTES
TESTES
Hormone Function
Controls maturation of
sperm and development of
Testosterone secondary male sexual
characteristics.
TESTES
OVARIES
OVARIES
Maintain the health of the female reproductive
system and produce ova, the ovaries also have
the distinction of being an endocrine gland
because they secrete hormones—primarily
estrogen and progesterone—that are vital to
normal reproductive development and fertility.
OVARIES
OVARIES
Hormone Function
It contributes to
Estrogen reproductive and breast
health.
OVARIES
OVARIES
Hormone Function
It plays important role in
the menstrual cycle and in
Progesterone maintaining the early
stages of pregnancy.
THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN FEMALE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Reproduction is a normal process controlled
by hormones. These hormones keep both the
male and female reproductive systems
functioning properly. The pituitary gland
controls the functions of both the testes and
ovaries.
ROLE OF HORMONES IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
1 Hypothalamus triggers the production of GnRH.
(Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone)
GnRH commands Pituitary Gland to release LH and FSH.
2 (Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
FSH enters the testes to stimulate Sertoli Cells to produce Androgen Binding
Protein (ABP).
ABP enhances the spermatogenic cells to readily bind with Testosterone to stimulate Spermatogenesis.
3
LH enters the testes to stimulate Leydig Cells to release Testosterone.
ROLE OF HORMONES IN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
1 Hypothalamus triggers the production of GnRH.
(Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone)
GnRH commands Pituitary Gland to release LH and FSH.
2 (Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
FSH stimulates the follicles to produce cells around it that will in turn
produce estrogen.
Estrogen controls the growth (Oogenesis) and release of eggs from the ovaries.
3 LH stimulates ovulation and after the egg was released the remaining cells
will turn yellow and will produce Progesterone.
Progesterone prepares the uterus so that fertilized egg can grow in it.
ROLE OF HORMONES IN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
1 Hypothalamus triggers the production of GnRH.
(Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone)
GnRH commands Pituitary Gland to release LH and FSH.
2 (Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
FSH stimulates the follicles to produce cells
around it that will in turn produce estrogen.
3 LH stimulates ovulation and after the egg was
released the remaining cells will turn yellow and
will produce Progesterone.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
Hormonal imbalance will occur if the organs and hormones of your
body do not produce the right amount of chemicals needed which
in turn may lead to some dysfunctions.
1. Osteoporosis 3. Gigantism
2. Goiter 4. Dwarfism
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
Osteoporosis
a disease that happens when the mineral density
of the bone is reduced making it brittle and
porous
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
Goiter
an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland,
results from the underproduction or
overproduction of thyroid hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
Gigantism
a disorder that happens during childhood
when there is an abnormal increase in
height associated with too much secretion
of growth hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
Dwarfism
a condition wherein the production of growth
hormones in the pituitary gland is insufficient
resulting in short stature
REFERENCES
• LRDMS Portal. Science Modules. December 29, 2014. "Accessed October 13, 2019.
[Link]
• Lumen Candela. Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction. “Accessed March 15,
2021”. [Link]
control-of-human-reproduction/
• [Link]
• [Link]
• 3D Model [Link]
Thank you!