Good morning, class! Welcome to Group 5.

Today, Our group is going to give a presentation on the topic of COPULAR PATTERN.
Our group has 6 members: ……………………………….
Now, I will introduce to you some main content of this topic.
We can see on the screen. There are 5 main sections in the table of contents.
1. Firstly, we will learn about Copular pattern and copular verbs.
2. Secondly, we will learn about Verbs of being and becoming
3. Thirdly, we will learn about Other linking verbs.
4. Next, this is Summarization
5. And finally, we have a small Quiz Game
Okay, Let’s move to the first part: Copular pattern and copular verbs
So,
1. What is a Copular pattern?
- A copular pattern is a sentence structure that links the subject to a subject complement using a
copular verb.
- It has structure, including:

Subject (S) + Copular Verb (V) + Subject Complement (Cs)

Now, I have one example for you:

Ex: A couch potato is someone who lies watching television all day.
 Who can help me identify the parts of speech in this sentence? ( mời ai đó)

Example:
 A couch potato (S) is (V) someone who lies watching television all day (Cs).
→ In this sentence, “a couch potato” is the subject and “someone who lies watching television all day” is the subject
complement. They are linked by the copular verb “is.”

Now, To better understand copular verbs, let's learn about them.

2. Copular Verbs:

 Copular verbs link the subject with a complement which characterises or identifies the subject referent:
Example:
1. This new game (S) is (V) incredibly simple and endlessly gripping (Cs).
→ In this sentence, the copular verb “is” functions to link the subject (this new game) with a subject complement (incredibly
simple and endlessly gripping) which describes the subject “this new game”.

Now, I have one more example for you. Who can help me identify the Copular verb?
2. The weather is cold. ( V – is)

 The most prototypical copular verb is be, which can be followed by a wide range of adjectives and noun groups (NGs).
Example:
With Adjective: She is happy.

With Noun Group (NG): My mother is a teacher.

 Others, such as remain, keep, taste, smell, sound, fall, feel, come, grow and turn, are followed by a more limited
range of adjectives which are often specific to a particular verb, as specified here:

Example: The soup tastes salty. / The sky turned grey.

Lette High Transitivity Ví dụ Low Transitivity Ví dụ
r

A Answer She answered the question. Arrive She arrived late.

B Bring He brought the book. Blink He blinked rapidly.

C Catch They caught the ball. Cry The baby cried.

D Deliver She delivered the package. Die The flower died.

E Eat He ate the sandwich. Exist Ghosts exist.

F Fix She fixed the car. Fall He fell suddenly.

G Grab He grabbed her arm. Go She goes home.

H Hit She hit the wall. Hiccup He hiccuped loudly.

I Invite He invited his friend. Improve She improved slowly.

J Join They joined the team. Jog They jog every morning.
K Kick He kicked the ball. Kneel He kneeled to pray.

L Lift She lifted the box. Laugh She laughed loudly.

M Make He made a cake. Move He moved quickly.

N Name They named the child. Nap She napped after lunch.

O Open She opened the door. Occur The event occurred yesterday.

P Paint He painted the wall. Pause He paused before speaking.

Q Question She questioned the suspect. Quiver She quivered in fear.

R Read He read the book. Run He runs daily.

S Show They showed the movie. Sleep The cat sleeps.

T Take She took the keys. Tremble He trembled with cold.

U Use He used the tool. Undergo She underwent changes.

V View They viewed the painting. Vanish The ghost vanished.

W Write She wrote a letter. Walk They walked together.

X Xerox He xeroxed the document. X-ray She x-rayed.

Y Yank She yanked the rope. Yawn He yawned.

Z Zip He zipped the bag. Zoom The car zoomed past.

Letter Verb High Transitive Low Transitive Example

A Answer X She answered the question.
Arrive X She arrived late.
B Bring X He brought the book.
Blink X He blinked rapidly.
C Catch X They caught the ball.
Cry X The baby cried.
D Deliver X She delivered the package.
Die X The flower died.
E Eat X He ate the sandwich.
Exist X Ghosts exist.
F Fix X She fixed the car.
Fall X He fell suddenly.
G Grab X He grabbed her arm.
Go X She goes home.
H Hit X She hit the wall.
 Letter Verb High Transitive Low Transitive Example
Hiccup X He hiccuped loudly.
I Invite X He invited his friend.
Improve X She improved slowly.
J Join X They joined the team.
Jog X They jog every morning.
K Kick X He kicked the ball.
Kneel X He kneeled to pray.
L Lift X She lifted the box.
Laugh X She laughed loudly.
M Make X He made a cake.
Move X He moved quickly.
N Name X They named the child.
Nap X She napped after lunch.
O Open X She opened the door.
Occur X The event occurred yesterday.
P Paint X He painted the wall.
Pause X He paused before speaking.
Q Question X She questioned the suspect.
Quiver X She quivered in fear.
R Read X He read the book.
Run X He runs daily.
S Show X They showed the movie.
Sleep X The cat sleeps.
T Take X She took the keys.
Tremble X He trembled with cold.
U Use X He used the tool.
Undergo X She underwent changes.
V View X They viewed the painting.
 Letter Verb High Transitive Low Transitive Example
Vanish X The ghost vanished.
W Write X She wrote a letter.
Walk X They walked together.
X Xerox X He xeroxed the document.
X-ray X She x-rayed.
Y Yank X She yanked the rope.
Yawn X He yawned.
Z Zip X He zipped the bag.
Zoom X The car zoomed past.

Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people visit protected, natural
areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on this form of tourism. The report, published in the journal
'Trends in Ecology and Evolution,' suggests that ecotourism damages more than helps nature. Researchers believe tourists disrupt
animals in their natural habitat. They pointed to a recent event in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of
the many tourists who had gathered on the beach to watch them.

The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder. A human presence makes animals tamer and less cautious about other
animals. This could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report said that
when animals interact with humans, "they may let down their guard". The report also said it was essential, "to develop a more
comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation, and under what precise
conditions human exposure might put them at risk".

Welcome to Revel, the world's best destination for adventurers and explorers, artists and Romantics, the curious, and the
Wild at Heart. Step into the world of travel insight and destination inspiration, and Revel in the experience. Today, we are
going to tour the best ecotourism destinations in the world. Be sure to watch all the way to the end, as our number one is
one of the major reasons you're able to breathe.
Alaska
0:36
number eight Alaska
0:40
surrounded with magnificent snow-capped
0:43
mountains impressive sprawling Tundra
0:45
and a secluded Arctic North Alaska truly
0:49
deserves to be known as the great land
0:52
this state has been a Haven for wildlife
0:54
including humpback whales brown bears
0:57
Lynx sea otters sea lions bald eagles
1:00
and blue whales that have been well
1:02
protected in over a hundred state parks
1:05
nature lover shouldn't miss the Kanai
1:07
fjords National Park and The Colossal
1:09
glaciers at Glacier Bay National Park
1:13
[Music]
New Zealand
1:15
number seven
1:16
New Zealand
1:18
Highfield forest retreat can be found
1:21
right in the middle of the beautiful
1:22
Lush rainforest of New Zealand
1:25
it's fascinating facilities can help you
1:27
feel completely detached from the urban
1:29
World powered only by solar energy you
1:32
can live in harmony with the stunningly
1:34
beautiful environment in this marvelous
1:36
nature Haven
1:38
this glamping Retreat is beside the
1:40
department of conservation land and
1:42
kiwibird Conservation Area if you're
1:45
gifted with luck you might be able to
1:47
hear the stunning nocturnal call made by
1:49
kiwi right from your tent
The Philippines
1:52
number six
1:54
the Philippines
1:57
the Philippines has a stunning
1:59
composition of seven thousand islands
2:01
that make up a truly phenomenal Paradise
2:03
there's Oppo Island where you can get a
2:05
rare chance to swim with adorable
2:07
turtles and discover abundant marine
2:10
life underneath the Sea by snorkeling
2:12
close your day by staying at an
2:14
eco-friendly Lodge at the atmosphere
2:16
Resorts one of the great Eco luxury
2:18
resorts in the Philippines
South Africa
2:21
[Music]
2:22
number five South Africa
2:25
hundreds of impressive national parks
2:28
and nature reserves offer explorers a
2:30
phenomenal Wildlife journey in this
2:31
Splendid country
2:33
among the ultimate favorites is the
2:35
Garden Route National Park
2:37
in this park lies the legendary otter
2:39
Trail which is widely recognized as one
2:41
of the world's most spectacular Scenic
2:43
hiking rounds the trail follows the
2:45
coastline then into the forest which
2:47
provides an opportunity for hikers to
2:49
have a special moment to witness both
2:51
marine and land animal
Iceland
2:55
number four Iceland
2:58
being part of the best ecotourism
3:00
countries on the globe Iceland has so
3:03
much to offer to its explorers this
3:05
nation's dramatic Landscapes are the
3:07
major features here and each panoramic
3:09
view is breathtaking
3:11
every turn reveals Majestic waterfalls
3:14
beautiful glaciers phenomenal fjords
3:16
stunning volcanoes thrilling crack lava
3:19
Fields astonishing geysers and
3:21
spectacular lagoons
3:23
Iceland truly proves that it is a
3:25
country that perfectly defines a Divine
3:27
Eco Haven
3:30
foreign
Ecuador
3:31
Ecuador
3:33
[Music]
3:35
while it may be one of the smallest
3:37
countries in South America it is
3:39
famously recognized as the most diverse
3:41
nation in the entire region
3:43
nature and environmental enthusiasts
3:45
will definitely have their most
3:47
remarkable journey in this country be
3:49
sure to pay a visit to the kichwa Eco
3:51
Lodge in usani National Park this park
3:54
amazingly houses a greater diversity of
3:57
Flora and Fauna than any other paradise
3:59
on the planet
4:02
number two
4:04
Finland
4:07
ecotourism in this enticing Haven is not
4:09
just an ordinary term but it's one of
4:12
the most honored words in the nation
4:14
Finland has been confidently showing how
4:16
enchanting their nation is for all
4:18
tourism in this country is ecotourism
4:20
meaning they give high respect and
4:22
recognition to Nature and a pleasant
4:25
environment
4:26
most Finnish residents take a break in
4:28
nature whenever they feel stress in
4:29
their daily life which results in having
4:31
countless wondrous spots in cities and
4:34
impressive national parks all across the
4:36
country
4:37
while July is a great time to visit
4:39
winter is also beautifully mesmerizing
4:42
here
The Amazon
4:44
number one the Amazon
4:48
The prominent producer of 20 of the
4:51
Earth's oxygen famously described as the
4:54
lungs of our planet is clearly the most
4:57
remarkable and iconic in the ecotourism
4:59
world the Amazon gives support to
5:02
thousands of species of plants birds
5:04
mammals and aquatic creatures within its
5:07
astounding 1.2 billion territorial land
5:10
area
5:12
Eco lovers are sure to get attached to
5:14
this famous rainforest where they're
5:16
able to witness such an incredible
5:17
Mosaic of ecosystems
5:20
for Thrill Seekers walk over the
5:22
Majestic Treetops of bahia's Atlantic
5:24
Forest over the 66 foot high suspension
5:27
bridge surrounded by wonderful wildlife
5:30
and views
5:32
at nightfall expect that you will hear a
5:34
marvelous Symphony of sounds Under The
5:36
Starry Sky this is indeed one of the
5:39
most magical experiences to have
5:41
[Music]
5:42
which of these enthralling ecotourism
5:45
destinations would you most like to
5:47
experience
5:48
comment below we'd love to hear which
5:50
ecotourism destination you would most
5:53
like to travel to
5:54
thanks for watching Rattlers
5:57
hey are you a reveler yet if not what in
6:01
the world
6:02
join the movement
6:03
click to subscribe ring the bell to get
6:06
notified when we upload a new video and
6:08
grab some cool merch from our store and
6:10
let the world know that you too are a
6:11
reveler
6:16
[Music]
6:28
thank you
6:34
[Music]
6:52
thank you
6:54
foreign
6:57
[Music]
7:25
foreign
7:27
[Music]
8:14
thank you
8:17
[Music]
8:31
foreign dreams
8:42
[Music]
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Generally, ecotourism allows tourists to experience nature in a whole different way. In order for this to happen,
tourists have to visit some of the best ecotourism destinations in the world. If you are interested in experiencing
nature in the most unique and memorable manner, you can do well to visit one of the following top ecotourism
places in the world.
Antarctica
This frozen continent which is seemingly empty actually has a lot to offer to all ecotourism enthusiasts. This is the
place to visit if you want to see some of the rarest polar region animals. There are also many glaciers worth
viewing.
The Amazon
These place is actually the main supplier of the Earth’s oxygen; producing around 20 % of the Earth’s oxygen,
thanks to its vast rainforest.

This setting enables the region to play host to thousands of animals ranging from mammals, aquatic species and
birds.

Alaska
The Great Land is perhaps arguably the best destination for ecotourism. Its vast wilderness is certainly like no
other, coupled with natural beauty.

Blue Mountains
This is Australia’s unmistakable safe haven for all individuals who want to take ecotourism to a whole new level. It
takes away the ordinary aspects of life and imparts nature on its tourists. The 550 square mile valley features
swamps, mind-shocking flora and fauna, mountain ranges and many of the world’s rarest species. Not shockingly,
it has itself a place on the list of World Heritage sites in 2000.
Generally, ecotourism allows tourists to experience nature in a whole different way. In order for this to happen,
tourists have to visit some of the best ecotourism destinations in the world. If you are interested in experiencing
nature in the most unique and memorable manner, you can do well to visit one of the following top ecotourism
places in the world.
Antarctica
This frozen continent which is seemingly uninhabited actually has a lot to offer to all ecotourism enthusiasts. This
is the place to visit if you want to see some of the rarest polar region animals. There are also many glaciers worth
viewing.
The Amazon
This place is actually the main supplier of the Earth’s oxygen, producing around 20 % of the Earth’s oxygen,
thanks to its vast rainforest.
This setting enables the region to play host to thousands of animals, ranging from mammals, aquatic species, and
birds.
Alaska
The Great Land is perhaps arguably the best destination for ecotourism. Its vast wilderness is certainly
unparalleled, coupled with natural beauty.
Blue Mountains
This is Australia’s unique safe haven for all individuals who want to take ecotourism to a whole new level. It takes
away the ordinary aspects of life and imparts nature on its tourists. The 550 square mile valley features swamps,
mind-staggering plants and animals, mountain ranges, and many of the world’s rarest species.

Generally, ecotourism allows tourists to experience nature in a whole different way. In order for this to happen,
tourists have to visit some of the best ecotourism destinations in the world. Should you are interested in
experiencing nature in the most unique and memorable manner, you can do well to visit one of the following top
ecotourism places in the world.
Antarctica
This frozen continent which is seemingly uninhabited actually has a lot to offer to all ecotourism enthusiasts. This
is the place to visit if you want to see some of the rarest polar region animals. There are also many glaciers worth
viewing.
The Amazon
This place is actually the main supplier of the Earth’s oxygen, producing approximately 20% of the Earth’s
oxygen, thanks to its vast rainforest, which many people may not immediately associate with such a vital function.
This setting enables the region to play host to thousands of animals, ranging from mammals, aquatic species, and
birds.
Alaska
The Great Land is perhaps arguably the best destination for ecotourism. Its vast wilderness is certainly
unparalleled, coupled with natural beauty.
Blue Mountains
This is unmistakable safe haven for all individuals wanting to take ecotourism to a whole new level. It takes away
the ordinary aspects of life and imparts nature on its tourists. The 550 square mile valley features swamps, mind-
staggering flora and fauna, mountain ranges, and many of the world’s rarest species. Not shockingly, it has itself a
place on the list of World Heritage sites in 2000.

This is a bias text designed for grade 10 students with the aim of accommodating students of different
proficiency levels. There are two text versions of the same related topic in Unit 10 - Ecotourism in the English 11
Global Success book, version A for lower proficiency students and version B for higher proficiency students.

Version A and version B are different in many ways. Firstly, about the length, version B has 251 words and
is longer than version A has 226 words. Secondly, in terms of the linguistic load, version B has more challenging
lexical items than version A (e.g., "approximately" vs "around"; "unmistakable" vs "unique"; and "flora and fauna"
vs "plants and animals"). In addition, they also differ in grammatical structures. In version B, it used inversion of
conditional sentences type 1 "Should you be interested in ... manner, you can do ... in the world" in place of
conditional sentences type 1 "If you are interested in ... manner, you can do ... in the world" in version A, and used
reduced relative clauses "...all individuals wanting to take ecotourism to a whole new level" instead of relative
clauses "... all individuals who want to take ecotourism to a whole new level" in version A. Finally, version B has a
heavier cognitive load than version A, with more implicit information and distractors. For example, in version A,
students can easily identify information in the reading to answer question 3, because the information is mentioned
directly in the text "This place is actually the Earth's major oxygen supplier, producing about 20% of the Earth's
oxygen, thanks to its vast rainforest." However, students must filter out distractors to answer the questions in
version B. This is because in version B, there is more implicit information. The sentence "This place is actually the
Earth's major oxygen supplier, producing about 20% of the Earth's oxygen, thanks to its vast rainforest, which
many people may not immediately associate with such an important function" has a distractor (which many people
may not immediately associate with such an important function). Students must infer information to answer
question 3 correctly.

The questions are designed so that weaker students (with Version A) can answer some (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), but
miss question 6 because the information is only in Version B. Stronger students (with Version B) can answer more
questions (1, 2, 3, 4, 6), but miss question 5 because that detail is only in Version A. Student-to-student
collaboration is required to complete the task, which is the main purpose of this biased text activity. This
encourages students to work together in pairs, share answers, and learn from each other, resulting in student-to-
student feedback.

The reading activity above is a bias-text activity designed based on the article “Grapes and Eyesight”. The
article aligns well with the topic in Unit 1 - A long and healthy life in the book Tiếng Anh 11 Global Success. This
reading activity uses two versions of a text to help students with different English levels of proficiency. Version A
is for lower proficiency students, and Version B is for higher proficiency students. The goal is to make sure all
students can understand the text and answer questions, while also challenging them at their level.

First of all, version A ( for lower proficiency students) has 113 words and is shorter than Text B (for higher
proficiency students) with 144 words. Secondly, version A is less cognitively challenging in comparison to version
B. Version A uses simple words like good, eat, and don’t like which are easy for students to understand. Version B
uses more challenging words like essential, consume, and not into. Moreover, version A contains more explicit
information and no distractors. For example, in order to answer question 1, the information is directly mentioned in
the text “Carrots are good for our eyes. A new study says grapes are also good.” The sentences are short and clear
so that this helps lower-level students complete the answer easily. In version B, the information is more implicit.
The sentence “Although many people believe that grapes are not beneficial for our eyesights, a new study says
grapes are also essential." has a distractor (many people believe that grapes are not beneficial for our eyesights).
Students have to make inferences from the sentence to answer question 1 correctly.

The questions are designed so weaker students (with Version A) can answer some (1, 3, 4), but miss
others (2, 5) because the information is only in Version B. Stronger students (with Version B) can answer more
questions (1, 2, 4, 5), but miss question 3 because that detail is only in Version A. It requires student-student
cooperation to complete the task, which is also the main purpose of this bias text activity. This encourages students
to work together in pairs, share answers, and learn from each other, which leads to student-student feedback.