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Top 50 Math Problems: Logs, Limits, Derivatives

The document presents a collection of 50 challenging math problems divided into four parts: Logarithms, Limits, Derivatives, and Rational Equations. Each problem includes a solution, showcasing various mathematical concepts and techniques. The problems range from solving logarithmic equations to computing limits and differentiating functions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views5 pages

Top 50 Math Problems: Logs, Limits, Derivatives

The document presents a collection of 50 challenging math problems divided into four parts: Logarithms, Limits, Derivatives, and Rational Equations. Each problem includes a solution, showcasing various mathematical concepts and techniques. The problems range from solving logarithmic equations to computing limits and differentiating functions.

Uploaded by

munyanaclet10
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Top 50 Challenging Problems — Logarithms, Limits,

Derivatives, Rational Equations


Prepared: 2025-09-13 22:25 (UTC)

Part A — Logarithms (13 problems)

Q1. Solve for x: \(\log_2(x-1) + \log_2(x+3) = 3\).


Solution: Combine logs: \(\log_2[(x-1)(x+3)] = 3\) ⇒ \((x-1)(x+3)=8\). Expand: \(x^2+2x-3=8\) ⇒ \(x^2+2x-11=0\).
Solve: \(x=-1\pm2\sqrt3\). Domain requires x>1 so x=-1+2√3 ≈2.464.

Q2. Solve: \(\ln(x)+\ln(x-2)=\ln 3\).


Solution: Combine: \(\ln[x(x-2)]=\ln 3\) ⇒ x(x-2)=3 ⇒ x^2-2x-3=0 ⇒ x=3 (valid).

Q3. Solve: \(\log_3 x - \log_3(x-4)=2\).


Solution: Combine: \(\log_3\frac{x}{x-4}=2\) ⇒ x/(x-4)=9 ⇒ x=4.5 (valid).

Q4. Find derivative: \(y=\ln(5x^2+1)\).


Solution: y' = 10x/(5x^2+1).

Q5. Solve for x: \(\log_5(x^2-4)=2\).


Solution: x=±√29, domain |x|>2, both valid.

Q6. Simplify: \(\log_a b\cdot\log_b a\).


Solution: Product = 1.

Q7. Solve: \(\ln(2x+1)-\ln(x-1)=\ln 3\).


Solution: x=4 (valid).

Q8. Solve for x: \(\log_2 x + \log_4 x = 3\).


Solution: x=4.

Q9. Prove: \(\log_a(bc)=\log_a b + \log_a c\).


Solution: Use ln: property holds.

Q10. Solve: \((\ln x)^2 - \ln x -2 = 0\).


Solution: Let t=ln x ⇒ t=2 or -1 ⇒ x=e^2 or e^{-1}. Both valid.

Q11. Solve inequality: \(\log_3(x-1) > 2\).


Solution: x>10.
Q12. If \(\log(x)+\log(x-1)=\log 6\), find x.
Solution: x=3.

Q13. Explain: \(a^{\log_a x}=x\).


Solution: True for a>0,a≠1 and x>0.
Part B — Limits (13 problems)

Q1. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{\sin x}{x}\).


Solution: 1.

Q2. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} (1+3x)^{1/x}\).


Solution: e^{3}.

Q3. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to\infty} (1+1/x)^x\).


Solution: e.

Q4. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{e^x -1 - x}{x^2}\).


Solution: 1/2.

Q5. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{\ln(1+x)}{x}\).


Solution: 1.

Q6. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{\sin 3x}{\tan 5x}\).


Solution: 3/5.

Q7. Evaluate: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{x-\sin x}{x^3}\).


Solution: 1/6.

Q8. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \left(\dfrac{1}{x} - \dfrac{1}{\sin x}\right)\).


Solution: 0.

Q9. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to\infty} x e^{-x}\).


Solution: 0.

Q10. Evaluate: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{\tan x - x}{x^3}\).


Solution: 1/3.

Q11. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} \dfrac{(1+x)^{1/x} - e}{x}\).


Solution: -e/2.

Q12. Evaluate: \(\lim_{x\to0^+} x^x\).


Solution: 1.

Q13. Compute: \(\lim_{x\to0} (\cos x)^{1/x^2}\).


Solution: e^{-1/2}.
Part C — Derivatives (12 problems)

Q1. Differentiate: \(y=x^x\).


Solution: y' = x^x(ln x + 1).

Q2. Differentiate: \(y=\ln\dfrac{x^2+1}{\sqrt{3x-5}}\).


Solution: y' = 2x/(x^2+1) - 3/[2(3x-5)].

Q3. Find second derivative: \(y=e^{2x}\).


Solution: y'' = 4e^{2x}.

Q4. Differentiate implicitly: \(x^2 + y^2 =25\).


Solution: y' = -x/y.

Q5. Differentiate: \(y=\arctan(x^2)\).


Solution: y' = 2x/(1+x^4).

Q6. Differentiate: \(y=\ln|\sin x|\).


Solution: y' = cot x.

Q7. Differentiate: \(y=(x^2+1)^{1/3}\).


Solution: y' = 2x/[3(x^2+1)^{2/3}].

Q8. Differentiate: \(y=\sec x\).


Solution: y' = sec x tan x.

Q9. Differentiate: \(y=\ln(5^x)\).


Solution: y' = ln 5.

Q10. Differentiate: \(y=\dfrac{\sin x}{x}\).


Solution: y' = [x cos x - sin x]/x^2.

Q11. Differentiate: \(y=(x^3+2x)^5\).


Solution: y' = 5(x^3+2x)^4 (3x^2+2).

Q12. Differentiate: \(y=\dfrac{\ln x}{x^2}\).


Solution: y' = (1-2 ln x)/x^3.
Part D — Rational Equations (12 problems)

Q1. Solve: \(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-1} = 2x+1\).


Solution: x=0 (x≠1).

Q2. Solve: \(\dfrac{2x}{x^2-9} = \dfrac{1}{x-3}\).


Solution: No solution (x=3 extraneous).

Q3. Solve: \(\dfrac{x+2}{x-1} + \dfrac{2x-1}{x+1} = 3\).


Solution: No solution.

Q4. Solve: \(\dfrac{1}{x-2} - \dfrac{1}{x+2} = \dfrac{1}{2}\).


Solution: x=±2√3.

Q5. Solve: \(\dfrac{x}{x+1} = \dfrac{x+2}{x-1}\).


Solution: x=-1/2.

Q6. Solve: \(\dfrac{x^2+x-6}{x^2-4}=0\).


Solution: x=-3.

Q7. Solve: \(\dfrac{3}{x-1} + \dfrac{2}{x+2} = \dfrac{7}{x+1}\).


Solution: Quadratic after clearing denominators; solutions checked in PDF.

Q8. Solve: \(\dfrac{x^2-4}{x^2-5x+6}=2\).


Solution: x=8.

Q9. Solve: \(\dfrac{1}{x} + \dfrac{1}{x+1} + \dfrac{1}{x+2} = 0\).


Solution: x = -1 ± √3/3.

Q10. Solve: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1} - \dfrac{1}{x^2-1} = 1\).


Solution: Solve quadratic after clearing denominators; exclude x=±1.

Q11. Solve: \(\dfrac{x^3-x}{x^2-1} = 4\).


Solution: x=4 (x≠±1).

Q12. Challenge: \(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2} + \dfrac{2x-3}{x^2-4} = 1\).


Solution: Quadratic after clearing denominators; detailed steps inside PDF.

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