Section 1 chapter 4

1. ……………………………. is a mechanical wave caused by vibrations that travel through a medium

as ………………………..and ………………………

2. What kind of wave is sound?

A. Electromagnetic wave B. Mechanical wave C. Longitudinal wave D. B and C

3. What is a compression in a longitudinal wave?

A. The region where particles are spread far apart and pressure is low
B. The region where the wave stops moving
C. The region where the density and pressure of particles are at their maximum
D. The point where the wave changes direction

4. ……………………….. the region of a longitudinal wave in which the density and pressure are at a
maximum

5. What is a rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?

A. The region where particles are packed closely together and pressure is high
B. The region where the density and pressure of particles are at their minimum
C. The point where the wave reaches maximum height
D. The region where the wave stops traveling

6. ……………………… the region of a longitudinal wave in which the density and pressure are at a
minimum.

7. Why are sound waves classified as longitudinal waves?

A. Because the vibrations of air molecules move perpendicular to the wave motion
B. Because sound waves do not require a medium to travel
C. Because the vibrations of air molecules are parallel to the direction of wave motion
D. Because sound waves travel only through solids

8. As shown in the figure, what do the crests and troughs of a sound wave represent?
 A. Crests represent rarefactions, and troughs represent compressions
B. Crests represent compressions, and troughs represent rarefactions
C. Both crests and troughs represent compression

D. Both crests and troughs represent rarefactions

Characteristics of sound

Type of Sound Frequency range Can be heard by human ear

Audible sound 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz yes
Infrasonic sound Less than 20 Hz No
Ultrasonic sound Above 20000 Hz No

From the table above answer the following questions (9-11)

9. Which of the following describes audible sound waves?

A. Sound waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz

B. Sound waves with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz
C. Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz
D. Sound waves that cannot travel through air

10. Which of the following describes infrasonic waves?

A. Sound waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz

B. Sound waves with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz
C. Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz
D. Sound waves that humans can hear easily

11. Which of the following describes ultrasonic waves?

A. Sound waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz

B. Sound waves with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz
C. Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz
D. Sound waves that humans hear best

12. Why are infrasonic and ultrasonic waves still called sound waves even though humans
cannot hear them?
A. Because they travel faster than audible sound waves
B. Because they consist of the same types of vibrations as audible sound waves
C. Because they can only travel through solids
D. Because they do not have compressions and rarefactions

13. What does pitch refer to in sound?

A. The loudness of a sound

B. A measure of how high or low a sound is perceived, depending on the frequency of the sound
wave
C. The speed at which a sound wave travels
D. The type of medium through which a sound travels.

14.…………………………… a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be, depending on

the frequency of the sound wave

15. How is the pitch of a sound related to the frequency of the sound wave?
A. Higher frequency produces a lower pitch, and lower frequency produces a higher pitch
B. Higher frequency produces a higher pitch, and lower frequency produces a lower pitch
C. Pitch does not depend on frequency, only on loudness
D. Pitch depends only on the medium, not frequency

16. Through which mediums can sound waves travel?

A. Only gases, because particles in solids and liquids do not vibrate
B. Only liquids and gases, because solids block vibrations
C. Solids, liquids, and gases, because sound waves consist of particle vibrations
D. Only solids, because vibrations cannot occur in fluids

[Link] do sound waves generally travel faster through solids than through gases?
A. Because solid particles are closer together and can transfer vibrations more quickly
B. Because solids have less mass than gases
C. Because gases do not allow particle vibrations
D. Because solids have lower density than gases

18. Arrange the speed of sound in the following mediums from greatest to smallest:
A. Gas → Liquid → Solid
B. Solid → Liquid → Gas
C. Liquid → Solid → Gas
D. Gas → Solid → Liquid

19. Why is the effect of increasing temperature less noticeable in liquids and solids?
A. Their particles are far apart and expand easily
B. Their particles are close together and cannot spread out much
C. Their particles do not move at all
D. They do not absorb heat energy

20. Why does the speed of sound depend on the temperature of the medium, and why is this
effect more noticeable in gases than in liquids or solids?

A. Higher temperature decreases molecular motion, slowing vibration transfer; gases show no
change.
B. Higher temperature increases molecular motion, allowing vibrations to transfer faster; the
effect is more noticeable in gases because their particles are farther apart.
C. Temperature only affects liquids and solids because their particles move freely.
D. Sound travels the same speed in all states of matter regardless of temperature.

21 In how many dimensions do sound waves propagate?

A. One dimension B. Two dimensions C. Three dimensions D. Five dimensions

22. In the figure of a sound wave, the circles represent the centers of ________,
which are called ________.
A. rarefactions; vibrations
B. compressions; wave fronts
C. particles; wavelengths
D. amplitudes; frequencies

23. In a sound wave, the distance between two adjacent wave fronts is equal to:
A. One amplitude B. One wavelength (λ) C. One frequency D. One period

[Link] a sound wave figure, the radial lines perpendicular to the wave fronts are called ________,
and they indicate ________.
A. amplitudes; particle vibration C. wavelengths; distance between compressions
B. rays; the direction of wave motion D. rarefactions; areas of low pressure
25. At distances from the source that are large compared to the wavelength, spherical wave
fronts can be approximated as:
A. Curved circles B. Parallel planes C. Random points D. Concentric spheres

26. Which statement is true about plane waves derived from spherical waves far from the
source?
A. They curve more as they move farther from the source.
B. Any small portion of a spherical wave far from the source can be considered a plane wave,
which can be treated as one-dimensional waves all traveling in the same direction.
C. They spread randomly in all directions.
D. They cannot be treated as one-dimensional waves.

27. From the figure shown, the speed of the airplane is:

A. Greater than the speed of sound

B. Less than the speed of sound
C. Equal to the speed of sound
D. Cannot be determined from the figure

28. From the figure shown, the speed of the airplane is:
A. Greater than the speed of sound
B. Less than the speed of sound
C. Equal to the speed of sound
D. Cannot be determined from the figure

29. From the figure shown, the speed of the airplane is:
A. Greater than the speed of sound
B. Less than the speed of sound
C. Equal to the speed of sound
D. Cannot be determined from the figure
30. When does a shock wave begin to form directly in front of an aircraft?

A. When the aircraft is at rest

B. When the aircraft is flying slower than the speed of sound
C. When the aircraft reaches the speed of sound
D. When the aircraft is flying faster than twice the speed of sound

31. When does the shock wave move to the edges or surfaces of the aircraft instead of forming
directly in front of it?

A. When the aircraft is stationary on the ground

B. When the aircraft is flying exactly at the speed of sound
C. When the aircraft is flying slower than the speed of sound
D. When the aircraft exceeds the speed of sound

32. What is the Doppler Effect?

A. A change in wavelength caused by temperature differences

B. A change in amplitude when a wave hits a surface
C. An observed change in frequency when there is relative motion between the source of waves
and an observer
D. A phenomenon that occurs only with sound waves

33. The Doppler Effect occurs when:

A. The source and observer are both completely at rest

B. There is relative motion between the source and the observer
C. Only the observer moves, but the source stays at rest
D. Only the source moves, but the observer stays at rest

34. When the source of a sound moves toward an observer, the observed frequency and pitch:

A. Both stay the same C. Both increase

B. Both decrease D. Frequency increases but pitch decreases

35. When the source of a sound moves away from an observer, the observed frequency and
pitch:
A. Both decrease
B. Both increase
C. Both remain unchanged
D. Frequency decreases but pitch increases

36. The Doppler Effect is named after which scientist?

A. Albert Einstein C. Christian Doppler

B. Isaac Newton D. Heinrich Hertz

37. The Doppler Effect is a phenomenon that applies to:

A. Only sound waves C. Only electromagnetic waves

B. Only mechanical waves D. All types of waves

38. Why do sound pulses travel much faster in 20°C ocean water (1450 m/s) than in 20°C air
(342.9 m/s)?

A. Water is warmer than air at 20°C

B. Sound waves cannot travel well through air
C. Water molecules are closer together, allowing vibrations to spread more quickly
D. Dolphins produce stronger sound waves in water

39. A parked ambulance emits a sound of frequency 1200 Hz what frequency detected by an
observer moving with a velocity of 20 m/s
a . Towards the ambulance 1270.6 Hz

b . Away of the ambulance (speed of the sound in air is (340 m/s) 1129.4 Hz

40.A police car moves at a speed of 90 km/h and emits a frequency of 1000Hz from its siren.
What is the frequency of the sound as detected by a standing observer as the police car
approaches (speed of the sound in the air is 340 m/s). 1079.4 Hz

41. The range of human hearing extends from approximately 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz. Find the
wavelengths of these extremes when the speed of sound in air is equal, to 343 m/s. 20 m,
0.02 m
42. A dolphin in 25°C sea water emits a sound directed toward the bottom of the ocean 150 m
below. How much time passes before it hears an echo? speed of the sound in sea water is
1530m/s. 0.2 s

43. A formula one car moves away from a fixed observer who hears the sound of its engine with
20% reduction of its original frequency what is the speed of the car. The frequency of the sound
heard by the observer is 80% of its original frequency
m
85 ∨306 Km /h
s

44 A bat flies towards a fixed wall and sends an ultra -sound of frequency 80 kHz and hears the
reflected wave with frequency 90 KHz.

 Give the expression of apparent frequency of this wave when it strikes the wall

 What is the emitting source of ultra sound waves on the way back?

 Determine the flying speed of the bat (speed of sound in air is 340m/s) 20 m/s

45. Could a portion of the innermost wave front shown in Figure 4-7 be
approximated by a plane wave? Why or why not?

A. Yes; all wave fronts are always plane waves

B. Yes; the innermost wave fronts are the flattest
C. No; the wave front must be far from the source (relative to the
wavelength) to be approximated by plane waves
D. No; wave fronts can never be approximated by plane waves

46. Interpreting Graphics Figure 4-8 is a diagram of doppler effect in a ripple tank in which
direction the source of these ripple waves moving?

A. To the left B. To the right C. To the south D. To the north

[Link] is the difference between frequency and pitch?

A. Frequency depends on the listener, while pitch is a physical property of sound waves

B. Frequency is measured in decibels, while pitch is measured in hertz

C. Frequency is an objective measure of the rate of particle vibration, while pitch is a subjective
quality that depends on the listener

D. Frequency refers to loudness, while pitch refers to intensity

48. Why does the speed of sound depend on the temperature of the medium, and why is this
effect more noticeable in a gas than in a solid or liquid?

A. Higher temperatures slow down molecules, making sound travel faster; this effect is stronger
in gases
B. Temperature has no effect on the speed of sound in any medium
C. Molecules with more motion (higher temperature) transfer vibrations more easily, and this
effect is more noticeable in gases because particles in s

49. You are at a street corner and hear an ambulance siren. Without looking, how can you tell
when the ambulance passes by?

A. The siren will get louder as it passes C. The siren’s pitch will drop as it passes

B. The siren will stop for a moment D. The siren’s pitch will rise as it passes

50. As a result of a distant explosion, an observer first senses a ground tremor, then hears the
explosion. What accounts for this time lag?

A. Sound travels faster through the air

B. The explosion produces multiple sound waves
C. Sound travels faster through the ground
D. Vibrations in the air arrive before ground vibrations