LANDSCAPE
CONSTRUCTION
MAN=MADE ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE:
Circulation: Roads and Parking, paths and plazas.
Level Change: Wall, steps and ramp
Planting: Planters, beds, edges and terraces.
Water elements: Pools and water bodies -
-
Source: Landscape Architecture, Michael
Laurie
CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
INDIAROADCLASSIFICATIONBASEDON INDIANROADSCONGRESS
NATIONALHIGHWAYSAUTHORITYOF INDIA(NHAI)
[Link] National highways pass through states, and places having national
[Link] highways importance for strategic, administrative and other purposes.
[Link] highways
State highways are the other main roads of a state.
[Link] district roads
[Link] and other roads District roads takes traffic from the main roads to the interior of the
district. According to the importance, some are considered as major
district roads and the remaining as other district roads.
Village roads links the villages to the road system.
PARKINGLOTS TERMINOLOGY
CIRCULATION
PARKING LOTS CIRCULATION
PARKING LOTS CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
PARKING LOTS
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT CRITERIA
1. Walking Rates
2. Acceptable WalkingDistances as per user
groups
3. Spatial bubbles are necessary in calculating
accommodations for an expected number of
people in various situations, with the intent of
maintaining psychological comfort
Pavement The pavement material receives traffic wear and transfers loads to the base
and subgrade . Pavements are classified as being either flexible or rigid and as either
monolithic or unit . Additionally, they are porous or non-porous.
LANDSCAPE
CONSTRUCTION
MAN=MADE ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE:
Circulation: Roads and Parking, paths and plazas.
Level Change: Wall, steps and ramp
Planting: Planters, beds, edges and terraces.
Water elements: Pools and water bodies -
-
Source: Landscape Architecture, Michael
Laurie
STANDARDS FOR LEVEL CHANGE
1. Ideal slope ratio for ramps
2. Ideal width of walkways
3. Ideal tread and riser
4. Ideal no of steps per flight
STEPS
STEPS- MATERIALS
STRAMPS
WALLSFOR LEVEL CHANGE
PLANTERS
LANDSCAPE
CONSTRUCTION
MAN=MADE ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE:
Circulation: Roads and Parking, paths and plazas.
Level Change: Wall, steps and ramp
Planting: Planters, beds, edges and terraces.
Water elements: Pools and water bodies -
-
Source: Landscape Architecture, Michael
Laurie
STANDARDS FOR PLANTERS
1. Ideal width of a planter
2. Ideal depth for shrubs
3. Ideal depth for trees
4. Ideal depth for lawn & ground covers
DIFFERENTTYPESOF KERBS
PLANTINGEDGE/ KERB
PLANTINGEDGE/ KERB
WATERELEMENTS
FOUNTAINS
WATERPONDS ANDPOOLS
WATERGARDENS WATERFALLS
SWIMMING POOL
INDOORSOR OUTDOORS
ANY SIZEANDSHAPE INGROUND
OR ABOVE GROUND.
CLASSIFICATION BASEDON FUNCTION
1. Private pools
2. Kids's pools
3. Public pools
4. Competition pools
5. Exercise pools
CLASSIFICATION BASEDON EDGE
1. INFINITY POOLS
2. OVERFLOW POOLS
3. SKIMMER POOLS
Above-Ground Pool Family Pool: Recreational Swimming Pool
Architectural Pool Indoor Pool
Infinity Pool Kiddie Pool
Lap Pool Natural Pool Olympic-Size Pool
Plunge Pool
SKIMMER POOL
This unit takes water from the reservoir for
cleaning and disinfection.
The skimmer can be found under the top edge
of the swimming pool.
The water moves in a horizontal manner.
Relatively cheap and easy to build because
there is no need of extra installations, like an
overflow channel, grid and compensatory tank.
OVERFLOW POOLS
Used for personal use or for a closed
group.
Water that leaks is initially sent to the
compensation tank, then to the pump
to be filtrated and disinfected.
The system carries the water through
the pool bottom nozzles, which means
the water travels vertically.
This type of artificial system can
provide a higher level of water quality.
For this reason, this style is often used
for public pools.
FINISHESFOR WALL
CONCRETE - size, shape and depth, and added features such as vanishing edges, steps, beach entries, rockeries etc. Finishing options
include ceramic tiles, natural pebble, coloured quartz, epoxy resin paints, vinyl lining etc
1. FIBREGLASS- styles, shapes, sizes, colors and finishes. quick and easy to install
2. VINYLLINER- A vinyl-lined pool is a popular and cost-effective option. The vinyl lining is usually tailor-made to suit the size and
shape of your swimming pool. Modern vinyl lined pools can have concrete, plastic or steel walls.
LEVEL CHANGE
RAMP
A ramp is a sloped pathway used to provide access between two vertical levels. It facilitates the
movement of wheelchairs, bicycles, and other wheeled vehicles.
Ramps are constructed when a number of people or vehicles have to be moved from one level to
another. They are widely used in public buildings, railroad stations, stadiums, hospitals, and
exhibition halls.
Ramps are highly desirable for all buildings, especially to accommodate persons in wheelchairs.
Shape of Ramps
The length of ramps is made straight in most cases. Curved ramps make the
movement of wheelchair difficult.
The transverse slope of the ramp must not be greater than 2%. This helps to
avoid lateral slippage.
For every change in the ramp's direction, a horizontal landing equal to that of
the width is provided.
Width of the Ramp
Generally, a clearance space of 120 to 180 cm between the handrails is
recommended to allow comfortable and easy passage of the wheelchair
through the ramp. For ramps designed for width greater than 180 cm, an
intermediate handrail can be provided. Always consider the maneuvering
space of the person with a wheelchair or the person with a baby carriage while
determining the width of the ramp.
Handrails for Ramps
The design considerations for handrails for ramps are as follows:
[Link] for ramps are continuously provided without any interruption
along the length on either side.
[Link] are built in a fixed position.
[Link] handrails are made out of smooth materials that do not undergo change
with temperature variations.
Materials Used for Ramp Construction
The ramp can be constructed either out of concrete or steel.
Whatever be the base material, the finishing material of the
ramp must provide a hard non-slip surface. This surface must
work safely both in dry and wet conditions.
For better safety, provide a tactile pavement at the start and
end of the ramp’s horizontal plane. This is provided in different
colors to serve as a warning for people with low vision. This
must be applied to highlight the perimeter of the ramps.
TERRACE GARDENS
The high cost of land in urban areas has caused a reappraisal of the usable space on the roofs of buildings.
There are important design and structural differences between ground level landscape development and rooftop developments.
This section deals with the following special construction requirements :
1 . Protection of the integrity of the roof and structure .
2 . Positive drainage .
3 . A long-term, lightweight planting medium .
4. Adaptation to climate .
5 . Optimum irrigation .
6. Selection of paving, structural materials, site furnishings, and water as a design element.
7. Provision of utilities .
8. Public safety and security .
9. Ease of maintenance .
TERRACE GARDENS