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Light Reflection and Refraction Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on light, including its reflection and refraction, types of mirrors and lenses, and their applications. Key concepts such as laws of reflection, spherical mirrors, refraction laws, and lens formulas are outlined. Additionally, it includes sign conventions and ray diagrams for various optical devices relevant for Class 10 students.

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23 views2 pages

Light Reflection and Refraction Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on light, including its reflection and refraction, types of mirrors and lenses, and their applications. Key concepts such as laws of reflection, spherical mirrors, refraction laws, and lens formulas are outlined. Additionally, it includes sign conventions and ray diagrams for various optical devices relevant for Class 10 students.

Uploaded by

gowrinandanas3
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Light – Reflection and Refraction (Class 10) – Best

Notes

1. Light
Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects.

2. Reflection of Light
Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a smooth, polished surface such as a mirror.
• Laws of Reflection
1. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane.
• Types of Images in Plane Mirror
- Virtual and erect
- Same size as object
- Laterally inverted
- Image distance = object distance

3. Spherical Mirrors
Spherical mirrors are curved mirrors forming part of a sphere.
• Types
- Concave mirror (converging)
- Convex mirror (diverging)
• Important Terms
- Pole (P)
- Centre of curvature (C)
- Principal axis
- Focus (F)
- Radius of curvature (R)
- Focal length (f) : f = R/2
• Mirror Formula
1/v + 1/u = 1/f

4. Refraction of Light
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.
• Laws of Refraction
1. Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
2. Snell’s Law: n = sin(i) / sin(r)
• Refractive Index
It shows how much a medium slows light: n = speed of light in vacuum / speed in medium.

5. Refraction through Glass Slab


- Emergent ray is parallel to incident ray.
- Lateral displacement is produced.

6. Spherical Lenses
- Convex lens (converging)
- Concave lens (diverging)
• Lens Formula
1/v + 1/u = 1/f
• Magnification
m = h■ / h■ = v / u

7. Power of Lens
P = 1/f (in metres)
Unit: Dioptre (D)

8. Sign Conventions (New Cartesian System)


- All distances measured from optical centre or pole.
- Left of mirror/lens: negative.
- Right: positive.
- Upward: positive.
- Downward: negative.

9. Ray Diagrams – Concise Summary


Concave Mirror: Forms real & inverted images except when object is between P and F (then
virtual & erect).
Convex Mirror: Always forms virtual, erect, diminished images.
Convex Lens: Real & inverted except when object between F and O (virtual & enlarged).
Concave Lens: Always virtual, erect, diminished.

10. Applications
- Concave mirror: shaving mirror, dentist mirror, torch.
- Convex mirror: rear■view mirrors in vehicles.
- Convex lens: microscopes, projectors.
- Concave lens: spectacles for myopia.

These notes cover all Class 10 exam-important points in the simplest form.

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