REFERENCES CALCULATIONS RESULTS

SkyCiv Foundation Design

Pile Foundation

Design Information :

Design code : ACI-318-2014 (American Concrete Institute)

Unit System : Metric

Project Details :

Project Name : LIGHT POLES AT SEVENS DUBAI

Client : THE SEVENS STADIUM
Designer : SUD
Company : GSGC
Notes :

Geometry :

Total Pile Length , L = 3.5 m

Embedded Length = 3.40 m
Pile Shape : Round
Pile Diameter , D = 1200 mm

Tabulation of Soil Parameters :

Friction Subgrade
Location Unit Weight Cohesion
Layer Label Type Angle Modulus
(m) ( ) c (kPa)
(Degrees) k( )

1 0 to 4 Clean Sands Granular 18.7 38 0 67000

Tabulation of Static Loads :

D - Dead load
L - Live load
W - Wind load
E - Earthquake load
Lr - Roof load
R - Rain load
S - Snow load

Load
D L W E Lr R S
Components

P (kN) 27.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VX (kN) 32.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VZ (kN) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

MX (kN - m) 469.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

MZ (kN - m) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tabulation of Factored Load Combinations :

LC1:1.4(D)

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ACI 318-2014 5.3.1 LC2a:1.2(D) + 1.6(L) + 0.5(Lr)
LC2b:1.2(D) + 1.6(L) + 0.5(S)
LC2c:1.2(D) + 1.6(L) + 0.5(R)
LC3a:1.2(D) + 1.6(LR) + 1.0(L)
LC3b:1.2(D) + 1.6(LR) + 0.5(W)
LC3c:1.2(D) + 1.6(S) + 1.0(L)
LC3d:1.2(D) + 1.6(S) + 0.5(W)
LC3e:1.2(D) + 1.6(R) + 1.0(L)
LC3f:1.2(D) + 1.6(R) + 0.5(W)
LC4a:1.2(D) + 1.0(W) + 1.0(L) + 0.5(Lr)
LC4b:1.2(D) + 1.0(W) + 1.0(L) + 0.5(S)
LC4c:1.2(D) + 1.0(W) + 1.0(L) + 0.5(R)
LC5:1.2(D) + 1.0(E) + 1.0(L) + 0.2(S)
LC6:0.9(D) + 1.0(W)
LC7:0.9(D) + 1.0(E)

Factored
LC1 LC2a LC2b LC2c LC3a LC3b LC3c LC3d LC3e LC3f LC4a LC4b LC4c LC5 LC6 LC7
Load

P 38.08 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 32.64 24.48 24.48
(kN) 32.64

VX 45.22 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 38.76 29.07 29.07
(kN) 38.76

VZ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(kN) 0.00

MX 657.72 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 563.76 422.82 422.82
(kN
- m) 563.76

MZ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(kN
- m) 0.00

Tabulation of Service Load Combinations :

SL1:(D)
ACI 318-2014 5.3.1 SL2:(L)
SL3a:D + LR
SL3b:D + S
SL3c:D + R
SL4a:D + 0.75(L) + 0.75(LR)
SL4b:D + 0.75(L) + 0.75(S)
SL4c:D + 0.75(L) + 0.75(R)
SL5a:D + 0.60(W)
SL5b:D + 0.70(E)
SL6aa:D + 0.75(L) + 0.6(W) + 0.75(LR)
SL6ab:D + 0.75(L) + 0.6(W) + 0.75(S)
SL6ac:D + 0.75(L) + 0.6(W) + 0.75(R)
SL6ba:D + 0.75(L) + 0.7(E) + 0.75(S)
SL7:0.6(D) + 0.6(W)
SL8:0.6(D) + 0.7(E)

Factored
SL1 SL2 SL3a SL3b SL3c SL4a SL4b SL4c SL5a SL5b SL6aa SL6ab SL6ac SL6ba SL7 SL8
Load

P 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 27.20 16.32 16.32
(kN) 27.20

VX 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 19.38 19.38
(kN) 32.30

VZ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(kN) 0.00

MX 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 469.80 281.88 281.88
(kN
- m) 469.80

MZ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(kN
- m) 0.00

UPLIFT CHECK :
Pile Weight :

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 Uplift Capacity :

Serviceability limit state:

Factor of Safety (uplift), FOS = 2.5

Ratio = 0.000

Uplift does not exist! PASS

Ultimate limit state:

Reduction factor (tension), = 0.9

Ratio = 0.000

Uplift does not exist! PASS

LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY

Serviceability limit state:

Factor of Safety (bearing), FOS = 3
Allowable Load-Carrying Capcity,:

Capacity Ratio :
Compressive action, = 27.200 kN

Ratio = 0.058

PASS

Ultimate limit state:

Reduction Factor (compression), =0.65

Capacity Ratio :
Compressive action, = 38.080 kN

Ratio = 0.041

PASS

SHEAR CAPACITY
ACI 318-2014
[Link](c)
ACI 318-2014
[Link] Shear Strength of Concrete, :

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 ACI 318-2014 The shear strength is based on an average shear stress over the effective cross-section, , where:
[Link]

ACI 318-2014
[Link]

ACI 318-2014
[Link].3
Shear Strength of Reinforcing Steel :
The value of shall be the minimum value between the following equations :

ACI 318-2014
[Link].6
ACI 318-2014 21.2

For each circular tie or spiral lateral reinforcement, shall be taken as twice the area of the reinforcing bar within the spacing, s =
200 mm:

Therefore the value of is:

Nominal Shear Strength, :

Shear Strength reduction for concrete members , = 0.75

Shear Capacity Ratio :

Factored shear load , :

Checking the nominal shear strength and :

Ratio = 0.041

PASS

AXIAL CAPACITY
ACI 318-2014
[Link](a)
ACI 318-2014
[Link] Nominal Axial Load, :

ACI 318-2014
[Link] For a nonprestressed pile with ties transverse reinforcements, F = 0.8
ACI 318-2014 21.2 Strength reduction factor for axial loads, = 0.65
Total Gross area of the pile cross-section, :

Total area of the longitudinal reinforcement, :

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 Checking the limit for the longitudinal reinforcement :

ACI 318-2014
[Link]

Minimum reinforcement limit ratio :

Ratio = 0.879

Maximum reinforcement limit ratio : PASS

Ratio = 0.142

PASS

Therefore, computing the nominal axial load

Critical Buckling Load :

Where :
Length of pile exposed, e = 100 mm
Modulus of Elasticity of the pile, E = 21373.38 MPa
Moment of inertia of the pile, I = mm
Stiffness Factor, R :

Modulus of subgrade reaction, = 67000

Therefore,

Depth of the point of fixity, = 1.4 R = 1.4 2280.752 mm = 3193.052 mm

Calculating for the critical buckling load :

Critical Axial Load :

Comparing nominal axial load ( ) and critical buckling load ( ):

Therefore,
Critical Axial Load = 18892.500 kN

Axial Capacity Ratio :

Factored axial load , = 38.080 kN
Comparing the factored axial load ( ) and the critical axial load ( ):

Ratio = 0.002

PASS

FLEXURAL CAPACITY
ACI 318-2014 Nominal flexural strength for a balanced failure :
[Link](b)

Determine the neutral axis depth :

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 ACI 318-2014 Maximum compressive strain, = 0.003
21.2.2 Arbitrary value Z for a balanced failure, Z = -1
Location of the tension reinforcements, and :

Stresses and strains on the bottom reinforcement ( , ):

Net tensile strain in the extreme tension reinforcement, = = 0.00230

Therefore, calculating the value of c:

Compressive block height (a) :

ACI 318-2014 Value of for equivalent concrete stress distribution, = 0.85 - = 0.821
[Link].3 Therefore, calculating for the value of a :

ACI 318-2014
21.2.2
Compressive block area ( ):

ACI 318-2014
21.2.2

h = pile diameter = 1200 mm

Value for shall be equivalent to :

Therefore, compression block area is equal to :

Centroid of the compression block area ( )

Compressive force due to concrete ( ):

Stresses and strains on steel reinforcements ( , ):

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 No. of Bars Diameter Distance Strain Stress
Layer Status
(n) (db) (di) (εsi) (fsi)

1 1 32 mm 101 mm 0.00251 460.000 MPa Compression

2 1 32 mm 138.98 mm 0.00233 460.000 MPa Compression

3 1 32 mm 247.15 mm 0.00181 361.621 MPa Compression

4 1 32 mm 409.04 mm 0.00103 205.476 MPa Compression

5 1 32 mm 600 mm 0.00011 21.292 MPa Compression

6 1 32 mm 790.96 mm -0.00081 -162.891 MPa Tension

7 1 32 mm 952.85 mm -0.00160 -319.036 MPa Tension

8 1 32 mm 1061.02 mm -0.00212 -423.368 MPa Tension

9 1 32 mm 1099 mm -0.00230 -460.000 MPa Tension

10 1 32 mm 1061.02 mm -0.00212 -423.368 MPa Tension

11 1 32 mm 952.85 mm -0.00160 -319.036 MPa Tension

12 1 32 mm 790.96 mm -0.00081 -162.891 MPa Tension

13 1 32 mm 600 mm 0.00011 21.292 MPa Compression

14 1 32 mm 409.04 mm 0.00103 205.476 MPa Compression

15 1 32 mm 247.15 mm 0.00181 361.621 MPa Compression

16 1 32 mm 138.98 mm 0.00233 460.000 MPa Compression

Computation for the forces on steel reinforcements ( ):

For compressive forces :

For tensile forces :

Where:
= Total bar area per layer

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 Area Stress Force
Layer
(Asi) (db) (Fsi)

1 804.248 460.000 MPa 348.078 kN

2 804.248 460.000 MPa 348.078 kN

3 804.248 361.621 MPa 268.957 kN

4 804.248 205.476 MPa 143.378 kN

5 804.248 21.292 MPa -4.751 kN

6 804.248 -162.891 MPa -131.005 kN

7 804.248 -319.036 MPa -256.584 kN

8 804.248 -423.368 MPa -340.493 kN

9 804.248 -460.000 MPa -369.954 kN

10 804.248 -423.368 MPa -340.493 kN

11 804.248 -319.036 MPa -256.584 kN

12 804.248 -162.891 MPa -131.005 kN

13 804.248 21.292 MPa -4.751 kN

14 804.248 205.476 MPa 143.378 kN

15 804.248 361.621 MPa 268.957 kN

16 804.248 460.000 MPa 348.078 kN

Fsi 33.284

Nominal Axial Strength for a balanced failure :

Strength reduction factor, :

Nominal Flexural Strength for a balanced failure :

Strength reduction factor, :

Nominal flexural strength ( ) is equivalent to the moment of & about the centroid of the section:

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 Moment
Force Moment
Arm

Cc 12478.056 kN 0.304 m 3787.449 kN-m

Fs1 348.078 kN 0.499 m 173.691 kN-m

Fs2 348.078 kN 0.461 m 160.471 kN-m

Fs3 268.957 kN 0.353 m 94.901 kN-m

Fs4 143.378 kN 0.191 m 27.379 kN-m

Fs5 -4.751 kN 0.000 m 0.000 kN-m

Fs6 -131.005 kN -0.191 m 25.017 kN-m

Fs7 -256.584 kN -0.353 m 90.536 kN-m

Fs8 -340.493 kN -0.461 m 156.974 kN-m

Fs9 -369.954 kN -0.499 m 184.607 kN-m

Fs10 -340.493 kN -0.461 m 156.974 kN-m

Fs11 -256.584 kN -0.353 m 90.536 kN-m

Fs12 -131.005 kN -0.191 m 25.017 kN-m

Fs13 -4.751 kN 0.000 m 0.000 kN-m

Fs14 143.378 kN 0.191 m 27.379 kN-m

Fs15 268.957 kN 0.353 m 94.901 kN-m

Fs16 348.078 kN 0.461 m 160.471 kN-m

∑ Moment = 5256.304 kN-m

Flexural Capacity Ratio :

Factored flexural moment, :

Comparing the factored flexural moment ( ) and the nominal flexural capacity ( ):

Ratio = 0.185

PASS

LATERAL GEOTECHNICAL CAPACITY :

Pile Classification :
Stiffness Factor :

Modulus of Elasticity of the pile, E = 21373.38 kPa

Moment of inertia of the cross-section, I = mm
Modulus of subgrade reaction, = 67000

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 Calculating the value of the Stiffness Factor :

Critical Length of Pile :

Therefore,
Pile is short!

Brinch-Hansen Analysis for Short Piles

Parameters for analysis :
Number of segments for analysis, n =5
Equivalent eccentricity of horizontal load :

Passive pressure resisted by each segment (at depth of z) :

Passive force resisted by each segment (at depth of z) :

Moment about V*applied:

Overburden pressure (at depth of z) :

Earth pressure coefficient for overburden pressure :

Earth pressure coefficient for cohesion :

Where,

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 Tabulation of Brinch-Hansen Coefficients :

Depth
to d K
ϕ Kqz Kcz
Segment Center, z/b Nc
∞
Ko K ∞q o
αq K ∞c K oc αc
(°) c q
z
(m)

1 0.34 38 0.28 61.35 3.10 0.38 57.18 9.07 0.05 190.43 10.57 0.11 9.73 15.79

2 1.02 38 0.85 61.35 3.10 0.38 57.18 9.07 0.05 190.43 10.57 0.11 11.01 25.38

3 1.70 38 1.42 61.35 3.10 0.38 57.18 9.07 0.05 190.43 10.57 0.11 12.22 33.97

4 2.38 38 1.98 61.35 3.10 0.38 57.18 9.07 0.05 190.43 10.57 0.11 13.38 41.71

5 3.06 38 2.55 61.35 3.10 0.38 57.18 9.07 0.05 190.43 10.57 0.11 14.47 48.72

Determination of the Point of Rotation (x) :

The point of rotation (x) is determined by balancing the sum of the moments above and below x. It is approximately located where the
sum of the moments is closest to zero.

ΣM above ΣM below
Depth c poz pz Fz Mz ΣM
Segment z z
(m) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-m)
(kN-m) (kN-m)

1 0.680 0.000 6.358 61.882 50.496 756.694 756.694 28099.957 27343.262

2 1.360 0.000 19.074 210.043 171.395 2684.943 3441.637 25415.014 21973.376

3 2.040 0.000 31.790 388.633 317.125 5183.483 8625.120 20231.531 11606.411

4 2.720 0.000 44.506 595.268 485.739 8269.821 16894.941 11961.710 -4933.231

5 3.400 0.000 57.222 827.945 675.603 11961.710 28856.651 0.000 -28856.651

Since the sum of the moments at segment 4 is closest to zero (Σ M = -4933.231 kN-m ≈ 0), therefore, the point of rotation is
approximately at x = 2720 mm.

Moment about the Point of Rotation :

Moment about the Point of Rotation = Fz |x - z|

Moment
Segment
(kN-m)

1 120.180

2 291.372

3 323.468

4 165.151

5 229.705

Sum 1129.876 kN-m

Lateral Capacity :
Design lateral capacity :

Tabulation of the Full Unfactored Lateral Capacity :

Shear Force :

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 Moment :

Depth Shear Force, V Moment, M

Segment
(m) (kN) (kN-m)

0 0.000 65.442 951.869

1 0.680 14.946 974.123

2 1.360 -156.449 984.287

3 2.040 -473.573 877.902

4 2.720 -959.312 555.872

5 3.400 -283.709 -96.460

Lateral Capacity Ratio :

Computing for the lateral capacity ratio :

Ratio = 0.691

PASS

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