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Complete Light

The document discusses various concepts related to mirrors and lenses, including image formation, characteristics of images, and the laws of reflection and refraction. It covers concave and convex mirrors, their uses, and the properties of light as it passes through different media. Additionally, it addresses common vision defects and their corrections, as well as the phenomenon of light dispersion through prisms.

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dilkhushkumar75587406
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7 views23 pages

Complete Light

The document discusses various concepts related to mirrors and lenses, including image formation, characteristics of images, and the laws of reflection and refraction. It covers concave and convex mirrors, their uses, and the properties of light as it passes through different media. Additionally, it addresses common vision defects and their corrections, as well as the phenomenon of light dispersion through prisms.

Uploaded by

dilkhushkumar75587406
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Numevicals on mixror-» O An object cm in Aize is placed al a distance Of 25¢m in front of a convex mixyor of radius of curvadure | focm. Find (i) the position Gi) the Size and Citi) nature. | of the image. @® An object 3 cm high 14 placed ata distance. Of toom in front Of a Concave mirroy of focal Length 20em. Find the podition, nature and size Of the. image formed - ® An object is placed at a distance of gem from a Concave mitror of focal Length loem. Find the nature of +he image -formed by drawing the ray diagsam- @® An object 20m high is placed at a distance of teem from a Concave mirwr which produced a veal image Bem high. What id the focal Length Of the mixror and podition of the image ? ® A dentist used a Amall concave mixwr of focal Sength som and hords it at a distance of 2m from the tooth. What iA the magnification of the. image 2 © How far should an object be held from a Concave mivroy of focal fength 40cm Ao a4 to at an image magnified three times ? @D The RE. of water i ard for glass it is x with respect to air. What 14 the RE. of glass wrt. water. The vefractive index of diamond i4 2-42. what is the meaning Of this slafement 2 ion of Light int when it hits 4 polished Reflection og Aigt” Socrates en OE Law of Reflection:~ * ince . Angle of incidence = Angle of veflection The incident ray the reflected vay nice the nosmal » aM We in the eam Ray Plane Spherical mivtors concSve Mirror Convex Mirror opole (P) — vent Scenbre of Curvature (C) vatecting « Principal Axis (PA) « Radius op curvature (R) ore ” = ule Pont J / Principal focus (F) and Focal length(f) Concave Mirror Converging Hissar Fors, oherical ‘Convex Mirror anon (opti estoy Bucy Hite z ce id c Image rosmation and characteristics At least two rays of light meet =» Image . ig rays of light actually meet => — i inverted™4 If rays of Sight appear to mee} = Virkial Exech oy eet ery image at Focus. +Reat inverted, Hi diminished Y. Pp “ete ‘image between ¢ 8 cred, invested » Diminish Point sizé characteristics «image beyond ¢- Real, inve : fe magnif enlarged 8 a mH & By Soe mage - image at ingini inginity . weet inverted + Highly magnigted ¢ — | ee ogee! characterises image atc. + Real, inverted, same size eimage image behind i mistor . mag Execk, Magnt pi Summary for Concave Mitvos thetocuse —_ Miéhy diminished, in Atintinty ‘tthe focus een Realandi Beyond ¢ Between and c Diminished Real and inverted ac ac Same size Real and inverted = Between Cand F Beyond © enlarged Real and inverted ME Atinfity Mighty enlarged Real andinverted SSS ov Use of Concave Missox. light to yl trate unl "e fanee solax eines —sobyect ateo Focal Object case ior fort Obi | Three concave Mirrors ance) Mirror € a [a 20 [uo 48 pnebyeut ond Cotes 28 ly fon 8 Sogo dened 9s : en FS 3c feo 2 fyn deroe 2) In which one ofthe above cases tv miror wil form a» iminished image of the object? Just your answer peak s ot we operieot elmage trmesin cae yp inl _ = | Some 3 = ©) what isthe nature and size ofthe image formed by _ one Nt P mirror C? Draw ray diagram to justify yo 4) a emai amt. « Image belween F and P «+ Virtial erect (upright) diminished characterises otf. virhual , erect» highly diminished ( point sized) Position of the Object Positionof the Image _Size of the Image Nature of the Image Atinfinity ~~ Atthefocusr « ~ — Nighly diminished, Point: virual and erect sied $2. Between infinity andthe Between FandP ——~ Diminished —“ -Virtualand erect pole P of the mirror. —~ Use of convex Minox Rear View —» seedhi choli convex Reasons— | spright/ erect image . -wides pleld of view: Reas- View mittore Summary - Goncave and Convex Mirror inverted ~ Exect (Upright sonly erect and virtual image LW. {Enlasged} + Adbage diminished L (seedht + Badi (seediti + choti mage) image) | Ae aL Ee ae) objects are placed anywhere in front of their reflecting surfac ft 1) Virtual Image / = 2) Upright / Erect image * nll 3) Dimnished Image_/ 4) On other side of mirror with respect to object (Betueen FQ P) Sign convention ———* jrvo7 Stee () All distances ave measuted From Pole CP). (y est -% axis F= focal len Us obyect distance » Ln ; v= image distance 3) na-Ve) Note: 1) U—palways -ve icati 2) convex—r f>tve Magnification (m) ic it = distance hy = height of image u=obyeckdis he = nel F haut w= image distance ee) Ere ae CeCe conan) oar iatrt: Te Serre M=+3 ,4 frEsect Magnified rg ket =2 heal sphezical lens \- convex lens Concave lens (Thick in middle) (Thin in middle) ne Optical Centre [0] v1 Undeviaded, Principal Facus(£) ane| Focal length Convexlen concave lens (Converging lens) (Diverging lens) Cor obyect atoo Ciena obyect at 2F; characterstesegimoge chmacerbies of image cheqrarlerslcs of image stage at Fe + nage between Fo and 2f%. simage at 2F, “feat inverted Highly * Realy inverted, Diminhel Ret inverieds samestze - /\ maha V obyect Bekoeen 2h, obyect at object BehweenF.#0 andes, k characterishesof image chanackeristics epee characteristics ofimage : i. js Feereeed tet eye at Gginiemne ier Red inferted, Hagnipied + Rea repeal 4 Pl rch Convex lens >Re Fever Highly diminished, point Acininy A focus ry Real and inverted Beyond2F Beeween Fi and 2 Diminshes Real and inverted a2 2h same size Real and inverted Between Fand 2 seyond 2 enlarges Real and inverted A fous Aintnry ‘ey re ory ga aninvered Beweenfocus rand Onthesamesiseofthe ———eaageg aren optical centre O lens as the object, >> 12s rhe 1 mage formation ¢ Concave lens) - Rules er at finite distance ae characteristics ¢ ee image characterifies of image siriuge ab FL Mi hehe Smid evista Ere Highly Dien 4 Highly diminishes, point-sized Atinfinity Atfocus Fi Virtual and erect Between infinity and optical Between focus Fiand Centre O of the lens optical centre 0 Koncaye Les Diminished Virtual and erect acai) GERRY Inverted Erect /Upright «Exec Upright ‘ ntl « Diminis' SU] mage (seedht + cholt (mage) le-sophicgl L-Here qll distances are measured prom the optical centre (0) of the lens. ave, ave 2. Rest all same ule for sign. ( m=_hit ae f= same rule feet oeg) f=tt0em A= -3oem tho = Hem v=? his? Omnis =D a Ge: ws ssi Qn nseretcctntss Gem Magrsed Dinners : 2 ens oo Ie power of lens (P) 18 12s ability te ocagerge o diveme vom of light ib is defined as the reciprocal of “the focal length UF! of the lens Diaptore(0) aboags in metre Power of combination fiom | Pe t2 } converin P= Pit PatPyt - - - n rset combed oe ft ts 1 omorp\fem | f= Lm ee CBSERANS f= . en Pe? Grment Te Bending of light-rag when it tavele prom one medium another. zy, es Gause of Repractifne:-" bk cifh speed in diferent |\ Medion. “Repacton ecae becouse light evel with dierent speed In fff ee in i [mia t on ‘Denrer-> Tiame Speed o us aH ho | Absolute RT of ang medium X ¢s tx Absolute BT of waterrNe Tee ae Veo C— speed light in atr/ vaccum = 3ylo*mb : Vx-> speed 1 fightin x Vo spel op ht Absolute RT of Gilase Tt = S an? Vg — speed of Light in glase : oat ‘ Th VE = Dene RT of 2 wrtd N= 4 RT opAwrtB |e Yor CD nag =A - VB d° 35 |S Dene Wen, nBo Vay Sut yorer _ + for normal eyes — inginity - e = (Myon) vopia - Neay Slghtedness t-can see nearby obyects cleasly- Myopic Eye ease [Link] see distance obyects cleasly. [Link] sightedness 4. fat point (s less than inginity. [Link] of distant obyect Is ed in front (before) oF nena fem Reasons > 1 Excessive curvature of eye lens “iene beolmes thick- Correction of Eye move power) 2. Elongation of ege ball. correction: Concave lens ( Negati ve powerlens) LCan see distant ( far) obyects cleasly- [Link] see nearby obyects distincHy (clearly). Bat sightedness [Link] point is eietead 25cm. fi vt [Link] of nearby obyect is formed at a poi behind Retin. meine Reasons> 4-lens cannot gt thick enough (focal length Of eye lens is too long). 2. Eyeball has become too small- Corsections> 1. Convex lens (positive power lens). (H+M) + Pyesbyopia is a common defect of vision that usually eceuss with cing. it igh drepteutt to read or see Neavby obyects clear! wee iderly people held books at a distance While veading. Reasons> + Weakenin; apr) of ciliary muscles. + less flexibility of eye lens. lens become opaque . sometimee at aldage crystalline lens becomes milky and cloudy — partial or complete loss of vision. corsection- Cataract surgery. PRISM A glass prism Is a transparent vepracting mediurn it has + 2 triangulax + 3 vectangulay susfaces. es Angler Priemn(A) Li angle of incidence <8 angle of vepraction ke> angle of enerae <0 angle of devition m bends a vay of Le Bs towards its Base 1. A prismbends a ray of light- Angle oF Pleviation ( tote q a. We know that chite light ismade up of seven colors-* [Link] is digresent for di¢ferent colours of Light—y some colouss bend more than other- Red bends least urolet- bends most CBSE 202 itting of white light “Tie band of colous components of into if5 component colours - sight (obtained on screen). senor Newton's Expesiment demonstrated the = nthite light fs made up of spectrum of colours - ayThe prism Itsele does not produces these colours . - rake tl ton 4.A rainbow is a natural spe appearing in the shy after a at a” Steed ty dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, Lihich acts like small prism. 3. A tainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the sun- 4. A ‘ainbow can ako! bel seenen a sunny day if we look atthe sky through 4 waterfall ov through 4 water fountain with the suh behind. conditiong:— 1 Presence of Raindwop in ais. H——« =) a 2-The Sun should be behind the observer . < sale [Link] with ‘vaindrops shouldbe in prom = ters & “Teh of observer ce * light prom stats, the sun sor the moon enters the Eavth's atmospheve- ae athe atmosphete acts like q series Raver of transpasent layers of varyin ors v4 ceretsunen tment! ete te 3. When! light Havels Fxom a raver layer a (less déhse air, higher altitude }to Ears Surtace Soom] 4 denser layer (closey to eatth’s éurface), it¥slows down and bends towards the normal. L. Atmosphere has many franspavent laqexs i teerent aentitiec. ‘t 2. Light bends towards the normal when it‘enters clenser layers near the earth 3. Our eyes trace the bent rays back in q™ straight line, so we see the stat ata position slightly higher “than its true position. [eR tea sun is visible 2 minutes — before actual sunrise- * [Link] ts visible for extra minutes after actual sunset- — RY s | Tainkling of Stats axe very far so they behave like point sounce of light q.-The physical eit ike Temperature,psessuse OF Earth's atmosphese keeps on varyin Due to this density of la (fers also Keep changin 3-The ane of ray of Light comin ff Wf star Keeps charg cat it bends thove, sometimes less aime dl pie position of the star and the amount ° ctitlight entetil the oy e keeps on changing é star a climes Bat and more bright: other times less — 4-Planels ave nea to Earth as Mov planet de nt Tonle? 2. Planets behave as Extended Source of Light. (at tiny disk , not a point). 3-Extended source can be imagined as Collection of Millions of point Source oF light. 4! eee the total variation in the amount of Light entering out eye averages out +o zero and ‘brightness remains same~ Scattering of Light Light changes its direction prom its straight path when itsteikes thy particles (like dust » water droplets , ‘air molecules , e+) prelent in anymedium, causing it to cptead out in multple directions. 4cThé phenomenon of scattering of Light by the colloidal particles 2A colloidal is ahetrogenous mixture . The size of particles of 4 colloid. is too small tp be indivielually seen with nakecl eves Example - Milk, smoke, Dust in air. 3-The path of a beam of light passing through a tue solution Is not visible. 4, But in colloidal colutons, collorde are ig enoug h is scatter a beam of light passing trough i+ and mel ke it path visible. Bearn of sunlight sunlight : passe ig passes “Pied Sr ‘through tindugh a cano ry demall ho fF & clense Forest particles fate Thy water drop lets in the mist scatter light . The colout ofthe scattered light depends onthe size of the scattesing particles 4. Very small particles scatter mainly blue light (smaller wavelength) ver [Link] large particles scatter dill colours of Light equally, gaze The ved light has 4 wavelength about 48 times greater than blue light ee - — . fier The molecules of air and other fine particles serceat aces inthe atmosphere have very small size- Cn (smaller than wavelength ) rod nguisibfe lignd [Link] is mose for blue colour (shorter ‘wsaveleng ) foe very small Particles than ved Colour. 3-Thus | scattered blue light enters our eyes and sky appears blue- -Reddening of CBSE 2025, 2023 2021 ido “ig the easth had no atmosphere there would no a Have been any scattering PTen ‘the sky would have We ky app dark to ers plyingat ver Tie sky appears ssengers plyinga ° nigh bitteades Explain passengers Prd { Atlhigh altitude dueto the absence of atmosphere scatiering of Lught donot take place and hence sky appeats dark to passengers Flying at high altitude Danger signal lights ave ved in colour. Explain) Red Light is least scatlered by 04 or smoke -Therejare, it can’ be seen inthe same colour ata distance. are a GY wrens curate emai.) Geeta tin G wre sn cura emacimam Peay (Jotoncave fan Dense Resd Angle. For Violet ight, eractve index of las eighty more than for red Colour, So Violet bende more. This separates cifferent colours flight and we Ore tect nt cen O27 50 Sof om Re oy aa 6 « = 2 Miunctwcuecapanionctoescemi” —“f ———— 4 ie / 6 --

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