Abstract
This assignment looks at the sales and profit performance of 30
superstore outlets using both descriptive and inferential statistics with
SPSS software. We review monthly sales and profit data (in thousand
taka) to calculate key descriptive measures like mean, median, mode,
minimum, maximum, variance, and standard deviation. We use
histograms with normal curves to visually analyze the distribution of
the data. The relationship between sales and profit is explored through
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation.
Additionally, we estimate a simple linear regression model to see how
sales impact profit. The SPSS output shows a strong positive
relationship between sales and profit, confirming that higher sales
lead to more profit. These findings offer useful insights for evaluating
business performance and highlight how effective statistical software
can be in analyzing real-world data.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Data Description
Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Graphical Representation
Histogram with Normal Curve
Correlation Analysis
Pearson’s Correlation
Spearman’s Rank Correlation
Regression Analysis
Conclusion
References
Introduction
This study analyzes the monthly sales and profits data (in thousand taka) of 30
outlets of a superstore. The objective is to summarize the data using descriptive
statistics, examine the distribution pattern, measure the relationship between
sales and profits, and estimate a regression model using SPSS software. Such
analysis helps management understand performance variation across outlets and
the impact of sales on profit.
Data Description
The dataset consists of monthly sales and profits (in thousand taka) from 30
outlets, representing cross-sectional business performance for a single
accounting period..
Data Table (in Thousand Taka)
Outlet Sales Profit
1 520 68
2 480 60
3 610 82
4 450 55
5 700 95
6 560 72
7 630 85
8 490 62
9 580 75
10 650 88
11 470 58
12 540 70
13 720 98
14 500 65
15 590 78
16 660 90
17 530 69
18 610 83
19 480 59
20 700 96
21 560 73
22 640 87
23 510 67
24 580 76
25 690 94
26 550 71
27 620 84
28 495 63
29 670 92
30 710 97
Descriptive Statistics
Statistics
Taka in Thousand Taka in Thousand
N Valid 30 30
Missing 0 0
Mean 583.17 77.07
Median 580.00 75.50
a
Mode 480 55a
Sum 17495 2312
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown
Interpretation
The average monthly sales per outlet is 583.17 thousand taka, while the average
profit is 77.07 thousand taka. Since the mean and median values are close, the
data show reasonable symmetry. The mode indicates that some outlets
repeatedly generate sales around 480 thousand taka and profits around 55
thousand taka. The total figures reflect the overall business scale of the
superstore during the month. Since multiple modes exist, the mode is less
informative in this context. Mean and median are more reliable indicators of
central tendency for sales and profits.
Frequency Table
Taka in Thousand
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Vali 450 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
d 470 1 3.3 3.3 6.7
480 2 6.7 6.7 13.3
490 1 3.3 3.3 16.7
495 1 3.3 3.3 20.0
500 1 3.3 3.3 23.3
510 1 3.3 3.3 26.7
520 1 3.3 3.3 30.0
530 1 3.3 3.3 33.3
540 1 3.3 3.3 36.7
550 1 3.3 3.3 40.0
560 2 6.7 6.7 46.7
580 2 6.7 6.7 53.3
590 1 3.3 3.3 56.7
610 2 6.7 6.7 63.3
620 1 3.3 3.3 66.7
630 1 3.3 3.3 70.0
640 1 3.3 3.3 73.3
650 1 3.3 3.3 76.7
660 1 3.3 3.3 80.0
670 1 3.3 3.3 83.3
690 1 3.3 3.3 86.7
700 2 6.7 6.7 93.3
710 1 3.3 3.3 96.7
720 1 3.3 3.3 100.0
Tota 30 100.0 100.0
l
Taka in Thousand
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Vali 55 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
d 58 1 3.3 3.3 6.7
59 1 3.3 3.3 10.0
60 1 3.3 3.3 13.3
62 1 3.3 3.3 16.7
63 1 3.3 3.3 20.0
65 1 3.3 3.3 23.3
67 1 3.3 3.3 26.7
68 1 3.3 3.3 30.0
69 1 3.3 3.3 33.3
70 1 3.3 3.3 36.7
71 1 3.3 3.3 40.0
72 1 3.3 3.3 43.3
73 1 3.3 3.3 46.7
75 1 3.3 3.3 50.0
76 1 3.3 3.3 53.3
78 1 3.3 3.3 56.7
82 1 3.3 3.3 60.0
83 1 3.3 3.3 63.3
84 1 3.3 3.3 66.7
85 1 3.3 3.3 70.0
87 1 3.3 3.3 73.3
88 1 3.3 3.3 76.7
90 1 3.3 3.3 80.0
92 1 3.3 3.3 83.3
94 1 3.3 3.3 86.7
95 1 3.3 3.3 90.0
96 1 3.3 3.3 93.3
97 1 3.3 3.3 96.7
98 1 3.3 3.3 100.0
Tota 30 100.0 100.0
l
Measures of Dispersion
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Variance
Deviation
Taka in 30 450 720 583.1 81.182 6590.489
Thousand 7
Taka in 30 55 98 77.07 13.136 172.547
Thousand
Valid N 30
(listwise)
Interpretation
Sales show a wider spread compared to profits, as indicated by a higher range
and standard deviation. This means sales vary significantly across outlets, while
profits are relatively more stable. The variability in sales may be due to
differences in outlet size, location, and customer demand.
Graphical Representation
Interpretation
The histogram with a superimposed normal curve for sales shows a moderately
symmetric distribution centered around the mean. There is no extreme
skewness, suggesting that the data approximately follow a normal distribution.
The approximately symmetric shape suggests no serious violation of normality,
making parametric methods reasonable for exploratory analysis.
Correlation Analysis
Correlations
Taka in Taka in
Thousand Thousand
Taka in Pearson 1 .998***
Thousand Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001
N 30 30
Taka in Pearson .998*** 1
Thousand Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001
N 30 30
***. Correlation at 0.001(2-tailed)
Pearson Correlations
██ Highly Positive: (None)
██ Positive: (None)
██ No Linear Correlation: (None)
██ Negative: (None)
██ Highly Negative: (None)
Note: Curated Help is calculated based on actual cell values, not the formatted
values.
Correlations
Taka in Taka in
Thousand Thousand
Spearman's Taka in Correlation 1.000 .999***
rho Thousand Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 30 30
Taka in Correlation .999*** 1.000
Thousand Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 30 30
***. Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed).
Spearman's rho Correlations
██ Highly Positive: (None)
██ Positive: (None)
██ No Linear Correlation: (None)
██ Negative: (None)
██ Highly Negative: (None)
Note: Curated Help is calculated based on actual cell values, not the formatted
values.
Interpretation
Both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients indicate a very strong
positive relationship between sales and profits. The correlations are statistically
significant at the 0.1% level. The extremely high correlation coefficients
indicate a near-linear relationship, which may reflect controlled or structurally
linked business data rather than naturally occurring market variation
Regression Analysis
Variables Entered/Removeda
Mo Variables Variables Method
del Entered Removed
1 Taka in . Enter
b
Thousand
a. Dependent Variable: Taka in Thousand
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Mo R R Adjusted R Std. Error
del Square Square of the
Estimate
1 .998a .995 .995 .908
a. Predictors: (Constant), Taka in Thousand
ANOVAa
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
1 Regressi 4980.787 1 4980.787 6042.6 <.001b
on 12
Residual 23.080 28 .824
Total 5003.867 29
a. Dependent Variable: Taka in Thousand
b. Predictors: (Constant), Taka in Thousand
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Standardize t Sig.
Coefficients d
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) -17.075 1.222 - <.001
13.969
Taka in .161 .002 .998 77.734 <.001
Thousand
a. Dependent Variable: Taka in Thousand
Interpretation
The regression model explains 99.5% of the variation in profit, which indicates
an excellent fit. The slope coefficient (0.161) means that for every additional 1
thousand taka increase in sales, profit increases by approximately 0.161
thousand taka. The model is statistically significant, confirming that sales are a
strong predictor of profit. The negative intercept has no practical interpretation,
as zero sales are outside the observed data range; therefore, interpretation
should focus on the slope coefficient.
Conclusion
The SPSS analysis reveals that the superstore outlets perform consistently, with
strong profitability linked to sales volume. Sales variability across outlets
significantly influences profit levels. The strong correlation and highly
significant regression model suggest that improving sales strategies will directly
enhance profitability. Management should prioritize strategies that increase
sales volume, as marginal gains in sales translate directly into higher
profitability. However, future analysis should incorporate cost variables to
refine profit forecasting
References
1. Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics. McGraw-
Hill.
2. Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage
Publications.
3. Healey, J. F. (2014). Statistics: A Tool for Social Research. Cengage
Learning.
4. IBM Corp. (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics User Guide.