Writing Task 1

Note: File này chủ yếu sẽ tổng hợp các cụm từ hay dùng của các dạng bài trong
Writing Task 1 kèm paraphrase của cụm từ đó.
File này sẽ phù hợp nhất với những bạn đã nắm được cấu trúc một bài Writing Task 1
cũng như các ngữ pháp cần dùng rồi nhe.
Cách để mọi người áp dụng file này một cách hiệu quả nhất: Đừng học tất cả cụm
paraphrase, hãy học trọng tâm 1-2 cụm mà mọi người cảm thấy thích để đi thi không
bị rối nhưng vẫn tránh được việc lặp từ.

1. Line/ Bar/ Pie

The figure of ~ The proportion of
The The number of + (n đếm đc số nhiều)
number of The amount of (n ko đếm đc)
The quantity of (ko dùng cho N trừu tượng như production)
The (same) data
The share of; The contribution of
The value of/ The price of / the rate / the volume (lượng)

Tỷ lệ - portion (phần)
- ratio (tỉ lệ) (ex: the ratio of males to females is 3:2)
- segment (phân khúc) ~ category
- The share of (Ns)
- versus

- rank first, second, third in

- maintaining second position
- the remainder: phần còn lại, số dư
- disparity (sự chênh lệch)

phần lớn - the majority of, predominance, dominance, preponderance, bulk,

lion's share.
- be leading in = lead the way with % = be ahead in terms of
the largest slice
- dominant , extensive , predominantly
- mostly, mainly, largely

- preference among sb for Ving rather than Ving

- be among the top priorities for .. ~ be preferred choice across
- sth outperform sth across.. sectors
- inclination to

phần nhỏ - minority, minority share, small fraction, small percentage

- only, just, barely, scarcely

- least favoured
- less common

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account form, be responsible for (..% of)
for constitute (..% of) ; contribute (..% to) ; represent
take up / make up
take up the remaining … % (chiếm bn % cuối cùng, cho pie chart)

show illustrate / demonstrate , describe , display

provide (give) information (data) about
compare
the status of presence of
see experience, witness , exhibit
reflect/ reveal/ depict/ highlight/indicate …

xem xét examine, study, analyze, review, assess, survey

trend trajectory (quỹ đạo) / tendency

time throughout , over the time span

timeframe
over the following (subsequent, next) … years
In+ month, year
On + day
On + date
in .. consecutive years 2000, 2001, 2002..

Từ nối - Bắt đầu: Moving to a more detailed analysis/ A closer look

(glance) at the data reveals that
First of all / To begin/ stood at
- Kết thúc: Eventually, Ultimately
- Tiếp theo: Following that / After that/ Afterwards / Subsequently /
Next / Then / In the subsequent phase / Henceforth

- With regard to / Regarding / turning to / compared to / be followed

by

- Cùng lúc: At the same time / While / Whereas / Simultaneously /

Concurrently (đồng thời)
- Thêm: additionally, In addition, Apart from , Besides, Moreover,
Furthermore
- Hậu quả: Therefore / Thus / As a result/ Consequently
- Trái ngược: In (By) contrast/ Conversely / As opposed to
- Tương đồng: Likewise / Similarly

increase - go through the roof

- be on the corresponding rise, (có sự tăng tương ứng, )
- be on the rise: đang tăng

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 - (v) rise; go up, climb, ascend /ə'send/, escalate
- (mạnh): rocket (v), soar (v), jump (n,v) , leap (v, n) , upsurge in (n),
explosion
- (n) upward trend, a growth
- double (v), triple (v), quadruple / increase twofold/threefold

decrease - drop, decline, fall, dip (n,v)

- plummet, reduce, go down (v)
- downfall (n), downturn (suy thoái)
- (mạnh): plunge to (v)

fluctuate - vary (v)

- peaks and troughs (n) (there are pnt in…)
an ebb and flow (thăng trầm)
- be volatile
- oscillate between (dao động qua lại giữa…)

dao động - bottom out ( chạm đáy xong tăng trở lại)
khác - recover
- converge (gặp nhau ) -> convergence

hit(reach) peak at (..)-reach a peak of

the highest reach a high of
point

hit the hit a low of

lowest
point

ko đổi plateau (n, v)

stabilize (v)
remain constant/ unchanged/ static/ stable at
level off at / even out at
fixed
consistent / invariable (a)

dramatic tremendous, significant, rapid, considerable, sharply; substantial

suddenly, remarkable / exponential

gradual marginal (ko đáng kể), steady

noticeable -→ noticeably
moderate
slight ; slow

Tương - correlation, relationship

quan - show a correlation between

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SS hơn - (v): exceed, surpass, outdo, beat, outstrip, outdistance
- (adv): more than, higher than, above, greater than, superior to
- (n): superiority, predominance, dominance

SS ngang - (a) : equal, be equal to, be the same as, be equivalent to

- (n): equivalence, parity, equality, balance

SS kém - (a): smaller, less, smaller than, less than, inferior to, subordinate
to
- (n) inferiority, subordinance
- fall short of (chưa đạt tới…) / lag behind.. on sth (kém hơn so vs..
về cái j)

SS %  double (a) - (v)/ quadruple (tăng 4)

(a): The period between 2010 and 2015 witnessed a double increase
in
(v): The consumption of beef doubled since the 1960

 Twofold/Threefold/Fourfold/Fivefold (adv) - (a)

There was a near twofold increase in the number of children playing

sports

The number of children playing sports increased twofold between

2005 and 2010.

 Twice/three times/four times as/compared to

There were twice as many children playing sports in 2009 as in

2005.

Twice as many children played sports in 2009 compared to 2005.

In 2010, the total value of New Zealand’s kiwi fruit in Japan was
recorded at 271,1 million dollars, which was nearly 4 times as much
as that in China.

other:

The average figure for Country C was 10% higher than that of
Country B, which was recorded at around 50% most of the time.

nói %  80%= four-fifths

 75%= three-quarters
 70%= seven in ten
 40%= two-fifths

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  30%= less than a third
 25%= a quarter
 20%= a fifth
 10%= one in ten
 5%= one in twenty
 77%= just over three quarters / approximately three quarters
 49%= just under a half / nearly a half
 32%= almost a third
 31%: just under a third
 19%: nearly a fifth
 10%: one in ten

 75%-85%: a very large majority

 65- 75: a significant proportion
 10-15: a minority
 5%: one in twenty / a very small number
ex: Four-fifths of the apples are red

từ hay feature (có..) ; opt for N= opt to do

dùng different approaches in studying (phương pháp)
shift towards online learning (sự chuyển dịch sang học cái j)
is measured in…
be a mixed bag (The survey results were a mixed bag, showing both
positive and negative feedback. )

- This was also the case for…

- The reverse is the case

- it is envisaged = it’s expected = it’s planned = it’s devised;

coupled with = along with

albeit : dẫu cho, mặc dù (ex: The overall sales increased, albeit at a slower
pace than expected)

Một số cấu
trúc câu ăn An opposite/A similar allocation can be seen in + N
điểm Ex: “In San Diego County, residential water consumption accounts
for 60% of total water usage. The use of water for industry and

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 agriculture only takes up 23% and 17% respectively. An opposite
allocation can be seen in the rest of the world”

Such + adj + differences across categories are (not) seen in…

Ex: Such significant differences across categories are not seen in the
water usage of California.”

Continue to be the major N (ex: producer, company, country..)

(dẫn đầu)
ex: Japan continues to be the major producer in output of clothing
production.

Note cách dùng million :

N + million (tương tự hundred, thousand..)
millions: millions of…

increase to : giảm xuống nhiu

increase by (V): giảm đi bn / an increased of (N)

4. Table
Note: Từ vựng của Table sẽ có rất nhiều từ tương đồng với Line, Bar, Pie. Tuy nhiên
sẽ có một số từ vựng sau là chỉ có ở table:
Bảng table, data table, spreadsheet, matrix

Hàng, cột - column, heading, label

- row, data point, value

5. Process
Process thường chia ra 2 loại: linear/cyclical

The diagram illustrates the linear/cyclical process of how.. is/are [produced/

manufactured/ made]
The diagram illustrates the linear/cyclical process of [producing/ manufacturing/
making]..

The most significant facts to emerge from the graphic are that the procedure involves
… main stages, beginning with … and culminating in …

The diagram The image, the picture, the graphic

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The process The procedure
linear/cyclinal process

step stage, phase, method

Manufacturing  It is Ved by using/through the use of/ by means

process ~ Linear of (tools)
process  It is Ved through/ via / by means of (ways,
methods)

N:
 nguyên liệu: substance, ingredient, material,
component, factor
 máy: installation ~ apparatus ~ machinery ;
device; grinder , gear (bánh răng), mold ; roller ; grid
(vỉ) ; cutter
 liquid, mixture
 shred, (finer/ smaller) pieces , fragment (mảnh,mẩu) ,
chunk (mẩu)
 contaminants = impurities (tạp chất)
 by-product
 retail outlets (điểm bán lẻ)
 truck ~ lorry

V:
 thực hiện: carry out, perform, implement, conduct
 dùng, vận hành công cụ: use, employ, utilize, apply,
operate
 thêm: add, combine, mix, blend, incorporate
 refine (tinh chế) ; assemble (lắp ráp) ; inspect (ktra)
 undergo (trải qua j đó), transform
 have the function of
 cool down ; melt into, heat up ; ignite ; (undergo)
combustion
 condense (ngưng tụ, đặc lại) ; evaporate ; thicken (cô
đọng), harden (làm cứng), soften; extract
 be molded, form into, sorted (phân loại)
 crushed (nghiền), grind, mill, break it down to ;
squeeze (bóp, nặn, vắt) ; press, compress (nén, ép),
smash
 separated = detach >< attached to
 shrink (co lại); rotate (quay) ; fold (gập); bend (bẻ
cong) ; absorb (hút, hấp thu) ; circulate (lưu thông,
tuần hoàn)

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  pour into ; filter out (lọc), purify / convert into
 load into = empty into / deliver / transfer / feed into
(cung cấp vật liệu)= become an input for
 release, dispose of , discharge , set aside as
 supply sb with sth= the supply of sth to sb
 be despatched to (đc gửi đi)

adj:
 specialized / designated (for)
 thorough
 manual -> manually
 molten (chảy, thường là kim loại)
 rudimentary (thô sơ) ~crude ,ru:di'mentri/

Natural process - The diagram… + how + a/ an + … + grows during its

~ Cyclical process lifespan.
~cycle - The diagram … the growth of

 The cycle then repeats itself

 reconstitution: sự khôi phục lại, sự hoàn nguyên

 build nests
 lay a number of eggs
 hatch into (nở thành) / hatch within (..days)
 vary in size/colors/ shapes
 shed their outer layer/ old skin (thay lớp da)
 start to grow (turn) into
 be fully developed
 grow in size, grow to maturity, grow to adult size
 feed on
 mate (giao phối)

 germination (nảy mầm) ; decay (phân huỷ)

overview The procedure involves …main steps/stages beginning
with…and culminating in…

- parallel steps ~ simultaneous steps (các bước //, đồng thời)

- step by step (từng bước)
- in turn (lần lượt) (Each component is added in turn
during..)
- in sequence (theo trình tự)

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 First A closer look at the.. reveals that during the initial step,
In the first step (stage), / At(in) the beginning/ To initiate
the process/ The first stage in the process is/ The first stage
is when / The process begin with

Moving to a more detailed analysis, once (this stage) is

completed,...
Middle Next, Then, After this/that ; Following that/this ;
Afterwards,
In the following stage / This is followed by
When, Once this stage is completed,

After, Before, Until, While, When….

…, which is followed by… / ready to be..

last Finally, Ultimately, Eventually ; Fourth/Forth

The process finishes (ends) with

The last/final stage is when…

6. Map
 SS 2 map:
The graphic illustrates the renovations occurring in … at present compared to 2010
 Có 1 map:
The image illustrates the planned layout of a new town.
The most significant facts to emerge from the map are the systematic arrangement
of

area section / zone / space / units

landscape

xây - emerge, come into being (xuất hiện), occur ; spring up

- construct, build, erect
- set up, open, develop, add, introduce, establish ; install

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 phá - deconstruct, destroy, vanish, cut down, demolish, disappear, remove,
eliminate, flatten ; be no longer there (v)
- demolition, closure (n), obliteration of (sự xoá bỏ)
- clear, cut down, chopped down

- altered ; replace it with ; convert it into; N stand in place of N ( thay thế

vị trí cái j); make way for ; make room for

thay - be retained: giữ nguyên ; maintain ; preserved ; stay unchanged

đổi
- undergo (renovations)
- change, transform, modify (modification)
- move with the times (thay đổi để hợp thời đại)
- be reconfigured : đc cấu hình, sắp xếp lại

- modernie, redevelop, reconstruct, rebuit, renovate (xây mới lại, tân

trang);
evolve (from to) ; upgrade (infrastructure)

- extend (kéo dài), expand, enlarge, broaden

- reduce in size, be shrunk (thu hẹp), capacity (reduce by half)
- span (bắc cầu) (the bridge span the river, the river is spanned by the
bridge)
- pedestrianize (chuyển thành khu đi bộ)
- accommodate N

- relocate , move, transfer, shift

- (moving) clockwise (from)
- swap locations (đổi )

chức - dedicated to (dành cho) (housing..) / predominantly serve as /

năng be allocated for (phân cho) /exclusively for
vị trí - .. lies / is situated/ is located/ is sited / be positioned
- occupy (chiếm)
- along/ alongside (train run alongside the coast) (alongside gần hơn
along)
- ran vertically/ horizontally along
- pass by (road passes by the supermarket) ;
- run through (river runs through the middle of town - chảy xuyên qua,
dọc theo)
- across from (ex: N is located across from N2; đối diện, băng qua)

- be perpendicular to = at the right angles to

- parallel to

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 - in front of, behind, to the right of , between, below, above
- inside, within

- at the top/bottom
- in the top/bottom right/left hand corner
- in the middle ~ at the centre
- outermost (phía xa nhất, ngoài cùng) ; northernmost part (cực bắc)

- .. miles from.. / to the right of / north of

on west side
- in the vicinity of (ở vùng lân cận của) ~ close to ~ next to
- be a stone’s throw from (rất gần với)
- adjacent to (kề sát) ~ next to ~ besides

- A long distance away/ far away from

- is surrounded by.. ~ be encircled by

- is covered by
- is connected to.. via/through/by means of…
- interconnect
- accessible by (roads)

N Layout
- site / side, direction
- Entrance , gate
- service
- facilities ~amenities
- housing estates (nhà ở)
- residential/housing area (units) ; industrial area ; commercial area ;
recreational/ entertainment/ transport/ medical/ educational/academic
facilities
- customer-facing facilities

- (access to) leisure activities

fire station
skyscraper
parking lot
woodland (nơi nhìu cây) / green space / grassland (đồng cỏ)
waterfront (bờ biển) (adj)

- road network
- route, branch (nhánh đg)

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 - intersection (ngã tư) ~ junction (nút giao)
- roundabout (vòng xuyến)
- ring road (đg vành đai)
- pavement = sidewalk (vỉa hè)
- pedestrian way = footpath (đg cho ng đi bộ)
- carriageway (lòng đường)
- winding path: con đg quanh co

- branch off : phân nhánh

- quadrant: góc phần tư
- subdivision (1 phân khu, phần)
- connectivity

- systematic arrangement
- strategically located
- optimal accessibility
- support community needs (amenities)
- the placement of
- better utilization of space

Writing Task 2:
Các dạng bài:
1. Agree and disagree / Argumentative (positive or negative?)
2. Discuss 2 opinions and give yours
3. Advantage and disadvantage
4. Problems and solutions
5. Causes and solutions
6. Causes and effects
7. 2 part question

Cấu trúc recommend cho 1 bài:

 Intro: 2-3 câu (1-2 câu paraphrase đề, câu tiếp trả lời cho câu hỏi đề bài)
 Body 1: Nêu ra 2 luận điểm
 Body 2: Nêu ra 2 luận điểm
 Conclusion : 1-2 câu, tóm tắt nội dung, hoặc paraphrase câu trả lời ở Intro

Cấu trúc phân tích 1 luận điểm mình recommend:

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Nêu ra Luận điểm-> Nêu ra lý do có luận điểm này? (bằng cách giải thích luận điểm và
suggest việc luận điểm có thể làm) -> Ví dụ minh hoạ cho điều trên -> Tác dụng của
luận điểm, ảnh hưởng đến con người, xã hội.. (optional, nếu trùng các ý trên rồi thì thôi)

ex:
Ví dụ một Đề bài về Globalization
- Nêu ra luận điểm: It could narrow the economic gap across the globe
- Nêu ra lý do có luận điểm này: this gap is principally caused by the differences in
their economic growth policies and the availability of domestic resource. The world
would operate under unified sets of rules and evenly distribute the resources such as
financial support to underprivileged communities (Ví dụ minh hoạ), which will possibly
help bridge the economic gap.
- Optional, tác dụng của luận điểm, ảnh hưởng đến con người, xã hội: have the
betterment of their social welfare and general economic conditions

Một vài cụm paraphrase hay dùng:

1. people= individuals ~ citizens, humans, the public, inhabitants, civilians
2. contend that = believe that , cite the fact that , lean towards the belief that , are
of the claim that
3. be predisposed to = be subject to = be susceptible to = be exposed to = be
prone to (+N)

Những câu mẫu mình dùng cho tất cả các bài viết của mình:
Note: Mọi người có thể tham khảo hoặc viết theo y chang đều được, nhưng mình khuyến
khích tham khảo và tự viết những câu mẫu cho riêng bản thân để dễ nhớ và đỡ bị trùng
lặp với những bạn khác nha.

In this day and age, as society evolves to become more complex and
Mở bài diverse, the issue of … has sparked intense debate.

When some individuals advocate for … , others contend that ….

Câu cuối 1. Dạng agree/disagree

mở bài: Personally, I totally agree/ agree with this opinion based on some
major reasons that are explained in this essay.

2. Discuss:
This essay will explore both perspectives before voicing my support
for the former/latter viewpoint. (and argue for the necessity of)

3. Advantages over Disadvantages or not

I think that overall, the detriments/downsides overshadow the
potential benefits/merits we receive

4. Cause, Solution

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 In this essay, I will present the main cause of this phenomenon, as well
as some applicable solutions to rectify this issue.

Câu đầu 1. Dạng agree/disagree / Discuss / Advantages over Disadvantages

thân bài 1 or not
There are some persuasive rationales that support the idea that

Câu đầu 1. Dạng agree/disagree / Discuss

thân bài 2 The proponents of (the belief) … cite the facts that

3. Advantages over Disadvantages or not

However, these advantages seem only the tip of the iceberg (because
there are more downsides associated with N)

Kết Taking everything into consideration,

4. Cause, Solution
It’s clear that there are various reasons for… and steps need to be
taken to tackle this problem

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