Limits Worksheet - Solution

We have, 𝑓(1) = 𝑔(1) = 2

𝑓(1)𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(1) − 𝑓(1) + 𝑔(1)
Solution ∴ lim
𝑥→1 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
2𝑔(𝑥) − 2𝑓(𝑥)
1 (c) = lim = lim −2 = −2
𝑥→1 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→1
We have, 6 (c)
√1 − cos 𝑥 2 √2 sin2 (𝑥 2 /2) We have,
lim = lim
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 𝑥→0 2 sin2 𝑥/2 log 𝑏 𝑎 × log 𝑐 𝑏 = log 𝑐 𝑎
sin 𝑥 2 /2 ∴ lim {log (𝑛−1) 𝑛 . log 𝑛 (𝑛
1 ( ) 𝑥 2 /2 𝑥→∞
𝑥 2 /2
= lim 2 × { } = √2 + 1) . log (𝑛+1)(𝑛
√2 𝑥→0 sin 𝑥/2 𝑥 2 /4
( ) + 2) … log (𝑛𝑘 −1)(𝑛𝑘 )}
𝑥/2
2 (d) = lim {log (𝑛−1) 𝑛𝑘 }
𝑛→∞
lim {𝑙(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)}
𝑥→𝑒+𝜋 log 𝑒 𝑛𝑘
= lim {𝑙(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} = lim
𝑥→5.81 𝑛→∞ log 𝑒 (𝑛 − 1)

= (5.81) + (5.81) log 𝑒 𝑛

= 𝑘 lim
= 6 + 5 = 11 𝑛→∞ log 𝑒 (𝑛 − 1)
1/𝑛
3 (c) = 𝑘 lim [Using L’ Hospital’s
𝑛→∞ 1/𝑛−1
𝑓(𝑥 2 )−𝑓(𝑥)
Here, lim = Rule]
𝑥→0 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(0)
𝑓′ (𝑥 2 ).2𝑥−𝑓′ (𝑥) 𝑛−1
lim = 𝑘 lim =𝑘
𝑥→0 𝑓′ (𝑥) 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
′ 7 (c)
−𝑓 (0)
= = −1
𝑓 ′ (0) 12 + 2 2 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛 2
lim
4 (a) 𝑛→∞ 𝑛3
1 ∑𝑛 2
𝜋 −1 𝑥 = lim 3
Let 𝑦 = lim ( − tan 𝑥) 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑥→∞ 2
1 𝜋 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
∴ log 𝑦 = lim log ( − tan−1 𝑥) = lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 𝑛→∞ 6𝑛3
log(𝜋/2−tan−1 𝑥) 1 1 1
⇒ log 𝑦 = lim = lim (1 + ) (2 + )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑛→∞ 6 𝑛 𝑛
∞
[∞ form] 1
=
1 3
(− )
1+𝑥2 8 (b)
⇒ log 𝑦 = lim 𝜋 −1
[Using L’
𝑥→∞ 2 −tan 𝑥 2𝑥
lim (cos 𝑥)cot = lim (1
Hospital’s Rule] 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
2𝑥
2𝑥
2
𝑥 cot
2
(1+𝑥2 ) − 2 sin )
⇒ log 𝑦 = lim 1 [Using L’ 2
𝑥→∞ (− ) 𝑥
1+𝑥2 −lim 2 sin2 cot2 𝑥
Hospital’s Rule] =𝑒 𝑥→0 2
𝑥 cos2 𝑥
−2𝑥 −lim 2 sin2 ×
2 4 sin2𝑥 cos2𝑥
⇒ log 𝑦 = lim = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒0 = 𝑒
𝑥→0
2 2
𝑥→∞ 1 + 𝑥 2
=1 cos2 𝑥
−lim
𝑥→0 2 cos2 𝑥
5 (d) =𝑒 2
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
1 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2
= 𝑒 −2 ∫0 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑(𝑥)2
lim 2 = lim 2
9 (b) 𝑥→∞ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑥→∞ 2𝑒 4𝑥
2 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 [𝑒 𝑥 ]0
lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 2𝑒 4𝑥
2
2 2
𝑎𝑥 (𝑎𝑥) 𝑏𝑥 (𝑏𝑥) 2
(1 + 1! + 2! +. . . ) − (1 + 1! + 2! +. . . ) 𝑒 4𝑥 − 1
= lim = lim 2
𝑥→∞ 2𝑒 4𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥
1 1 1
= 𝑎−𝑏 = lim ( − 4𝑥2 ) =
𝑥→∞ 2 𝑒 2
Alternate
15 (c)
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑥
lim = lim 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 1 2 sin (𝑥 )
= 𝑎−𝑏 lim 𝑥 sin ( ) = lim =2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 1 2
( )
10 (c) 2 𝑥
(𝑎+ℎ)2 sin(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑎 2 sin 𝑎 16 (a)
Here, lim
ℎ→0 ℎ tan(𝑥 2 −1)
2 {sin(𝑎 We have, lim 𝑥−1
𝑎 + ℎ) − sin 𝑎} 𝑥→1
= lim [ 0
ℎ→0 ℎ [0 from]
ℎ{2𝑎 sin(𝑎 + ℎ) + ℎ sin(𝑎 + ℎ)} sec 2(𝑥 2 − 1). 2𝑥
+ ] = lim
ℎ 𝑥→1 1
ℎ ℎ [using L’Hospital’s
𝑎2 . 2 cos [𝑎 + 2] . sin 2
= lim rule]
ℎ→0 ℎ
2. 2 = 2. sec 2(0) = 2
+ lim (2𝑎 + ℎ) sin(𝑎 17 (a)
ℎ→0
[𝑓(𝑥)]2 + 1, 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 2
+ ℎ) 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = {
3, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
= 𝑎2 cos 𝑎 + 2𝑎 sin 𝑎 2
sin 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑛𝜋
11 (b) ⇒ 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = {
3, 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋
𝜋
𝜋 sin RHL= lim 𝑔[𝑓(0 + ℎ)]
lim 𝑥 2 sin ( ) = lim 𝜋𝑥 . 𝜋 𝑥 = 0(1) ℎ→0
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 = lim (sin2 ℎ + 1) = 1
𝑥 ℎ→0
=0 And LHL= lim 𝑔[𝑓(0 − ℎ)]
ℎ→0
12 (b)
= lim (sin2 ℎ + 1) = 1
We have, ℎ→0

lim (sin 𝑥)tan 𝑥 ∴ lim 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 1

𝑥→0
𝑥→𝜋/2
18 (c)
= lim {1 + (sin 𝑥 − 1)}tan 𝑥
𝑥→𝜋/2 1 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 − 𝑥)
lim (sin 𝑥−1) tan 𝑥 lim
= 𝑒 𝑥→𝜋/2 𝑥→0 𝑥3
3
sin 𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑥2
lim ( ) sin 𝑥 1 + (𝑥 − 3! + ⋯ ) − (1 − 2! + ⋯ )
= 𝑒 𝑥→𝜋/2 cos 𝑥
sin2 𝑥−sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥−cos 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
lim
cos 𝑥
lim
− sin 𝑥 − (𝑥 − 2 + 3 +. . . )
=𝑒 𝑥→𝜋/2 =𝑒 𝑥→𝜋/2
= lim
0 𝑥→0 𝑥3
= 𝑒 −1 = 1
14 (d)
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
3 ⇒ 𝛼 = 1, 𝛽 = −1
𝑥
− 2 + higher power of 𝑥
= lim 22 (c)
𝑥→0 𝑥3
1 1 lim (𝑞 𝑛 + 𝑝𝑛 )1/𝑛
𝑛→∞
=− +0=−
2 2 𝑝 𝑛 1/𝑛
19 (c) = 𝑞 lim [1 + ( ) ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑞
tan 𝑥 − 1 0 =𝑞
lim𝜋 𝜋 [ from]
𝑥→ 𝑥−4 0 23 (c)
4
Applying L’Hospital’s rule, We have,
sec 2 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓(𝑎) − 𝑔(𝑎)𝑓(𝑥)
= lim𝜋 = =2 lim
𝑥→ 1 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
4 𝑔′(𝑥)𝑓(𝑎)−𝑔(𝑎)𝑓′(𝑥)
20 (a) = lim [By L’
𝑥→𝑎 1
Given, lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 Hospital’s Rule]
𝑥→∞
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑔′ (𝑎)𝑓(𝑎) − 𝑔(𝑎)𝑓 ′ (𝑎)
⇒ lim = =1 = (2 × 2) − (−1 × 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1
𝑏 =5
𝑎+𝑥
⇒ lim =1 24 (d)
𝑥→∞ 1 𝑥𝑓(5) − 5𝑓(𝑥)
1+
𝑥 lim
⇒ 𝑎=1 𝑥→5 𝑥−5
𝑓(5) − 5𝑓′(𝑥)
Also, lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 = lim = 𝑓(5) − 5𝑓 ′ (5)
𝑥→0 𝑥→5 1−0
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 7 − 5.7 = 7 − 35 = −28
⇒ lim =2
𝑥+1
𝑥→0 25 (a)
⇒ 𝑏=2 We have,
𝑎(−2)+𝑏
Now, 𝑓(−2) = (−2)+1 {𝑓(𝑥)}2 + 1, if 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 0,2
−2 + 2 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = | 4, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
= =0 5, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
−2 + 1
21 (c) 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))
𝑥 2 +1 sin2 𝑥 + 1, if (𝑥) ≠ 𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
Given, lim ( 𝑥+1 − 𝛼𝑥 − 𝛽) = 0 =|
𝑥→∞ 5, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝑥 2 +1−𝛼(𝑥 2 +𝑥)−𝛽(𝑥+1)
⇒ lim ( 𝑥+1
) =0 ⇒ lim 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = lim sin2 𝑥 + 1 = 1
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
2𝑥 − 𝛼(2𝑥 + 1) − 𝛽(1) 26 (c)
⇒ lim ( )
𝑥→∞ 1 𝛼
lim 𝑧1 𝑧2 … 𝑧𝑛 = lim (cos 2
=0 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝛼
[by L’ Hospital’s rule] + 𝑖 sin 2 )
𝑛
If this limit is zero, then the function 2𝛼
2𝑥 − 𝛼(2𝑥 + 1) − 𝛽 = 0 × (cos 2
𝑛
or 𝑥(2 − 2𝛼) − (𝛼 + 𝛽) = 0 2𝛼 𝑛𝛼
Equating the coefficient of 𝑥 and + 𝑖 sin 2 ) … (cos 2
𝑛 𝑛
constant terms, we get 𝑛𝛼
+ 𝑖 sin 2 )
2 − 2𝛼 = 0 and 𝛼+ 𝑛
𝛽=0
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
𝛼 1 1
= lim [cols { 2 (1 + 2 + 3+. . . +𝑛)} lim− .
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑦→𝜋 √2 𝜋 𝑦
𝛼 (√𝜋 + √𝑦) sin (2 − 2)
+ 𝑖 sin { 2 (1 + 2 2 { 𝜋 𝑦 }
𝑛
2−2
+ 3+. . . +𝑛)}] 1
𝛼𝑛(𝑛 + 1) =
= lim [cos √2𝜋
𝑛→∞ 2𝑛2 30 (a)
𝛼𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
+ 𝑖 sin ] tan 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
2𝑛2 lim = lim
𝛼 𝛼 𝑖𝛼 𝑥→0 𝑥3 𝑥→0 3𝑥 2
= cos + 𝑖 sin = 𝑒 2 [using L’Hospital’s
2 2
27 (b) rule]
2sec 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
We have, = lim
5𝑥 − 1 𝑥→0 6𝑥
𝑥
𝑥(5 − 1) ( 𝑥 ) [using L’Hospital’s
lim = lim rule]
𝑥→2 1 − cos 𝑥 𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥
𝑥2 [2(sec 2 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 + 2 sec 𝑥 × sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 tan 𝑥) + cos 𝑥
= 2 log 5 = lim
𝑥→0 6
28 (b) [by L’Hospital’s
√𝑎 + 𝑥 − √𝑎 − 𝑥 rule]
lim [ ] 2[1.1 + 2(0) + 1] 1
𝑥→0 4𝑥
= =
𝑎+𝑥−𝑎+𝑥 6 2
= lim [ ] 31 (c)
𝑥→0 4𝑥(√𝑎 + 𝑥 + √𝑎 − 𝑥)
𝑒 3𝑥−6 − 1 𝑒 3𝑥−6 (3)
2𝑥 lim = lim
= lim [ ] 𝑥→2 sin(2 − 𝑥) 𝑥→2 −cos(2 − 𝑥)
𝑥→0 4𝑥(√𝑎 + 𝑥 + √𝑎 − 𝑥)
1 [using L’ Hospital’s rule]
= 3𝑒 0
4√𝑎 =− = −3
29 (b) cos 0
32 (a)
Let cos−1 𝑥 = 𝑦. Then, 𝑥 → −1+ ⇒
We have,
𝑦 → 𝜋− 𝑛 𝑛−1
√𝜋 − √cos−1 𝑥 1∙∑𝑟 +2∙ ∑𝑟 +3
∴ lim +
𝑥→−1 √𝑥 + 1 𝑟=1 𝑟=1
𝑛−2
√ − √𝑦
𝜋
= lim− ∙ ∑ +⋯+ 𝑛 .1
𝑦→𝜋 √1 + cos 𝑦
𝑟=1
𝑛 𝑛−𝑘+1
√𝜋 − √𝑦
= lim− = ∑ {𝑘 ∑ 𝑟}
𝑦→𝜋 √2 cos 𝑦/2
𝜋 𝑦 𝑘=1 𝑟=1
√𝜋 − √𝑦 ( 2 − 2) 𝑛
= lim− (𝑛 − 𝑘 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑘 + 2)
𝑦→𝜋 𝜋 𝑦 × 𝜋 𝑦 = ∑ {𝑘 }
√2 sin (2 − 2) (2 − 2) 2
𝑘=1
𝑛
1
= ∑ 𝑘 {(𝑛 + 1) − 𝑘}{(𝑛 + 2) − 𝑘}
2
𝑘=1
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
𝑛 1 1 1 1 1
1 = [(1 − ) + ( − ) +. . . + (
= ∑{(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)𝑘 2 3 3 5 2𝑛 − 1
2
𝑘=1 1
− (2𝑛 + 3)𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 } − )]
2𝑛 + 1
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 1 1
= [(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) = [1 − ]
2 2 2 2𝑛 + 1
1 1
− (2𝑛 ∴ lim 𝑠𝑛 = lim [1 − ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 2 2𝑛 + 1
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 1
+ 3) =
6 2
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 34 (b)
+{ } ]
2 We have,
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)2 (𝑛 + 2) 1 2 3 𝑛
= [ { + + + ⋯+ 4 }
2 2 3 21 91 𝑛 + 𝑛2 + 1
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 3) 𝑟
− =∑ 4
6 𝑟 + 𝑟2 + 1
𝑟=1
𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)2 𝑛
+ ] 𝑟
4 =∑
(𝑟 2 + 1)2 − 𝑟 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑟=1
𝑛
= [6(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)
24 1 2𝑟
= ∑ 2
− 2(2𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 3) 2 (𝑟 + 𝑟 + 1)(𝑟 2 − 𝑟 + 1)
𝑟=1
+ 3𝑛(𝑛 + 1)] 𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 1 1 1
= [6𝑛2 + 18𝑛 + 12 − 8𝑛2 = ∑{ 2 − 2 }
24 2 𝑟 −𝑟+1 𝑟 +𝑟+1
𝑟=1
− 16𝑛 − 6 + 3𝑛2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= {( − ) + ( − ) + ( − )
+ 3𝑛] 2 1 3 3 7 7 13
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2 +⋯
= (𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 6) 1
24 +( 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 3) 𝑛 −𝑛+1
= 1
24 − 2 )}
∴ Required limit 𝑛 +𝑛+1
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 3) 1 1 𝑛2 + 𝑛
= lim = (1 − 2 )=
𝑛→∞ 24𝑛4 2 𝑛 +𝑛+1 2(𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1)
1 1 2 3 𝑛2 +𝑛 1
= lim (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) ∴ Requires limit = lim =2
24 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 2(𝑛2 +𝑛+1)
1 35 (d)
=
24 lim [√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥] =
33 (a) 𝑥→∞
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1−𝑥 2
1 1
Let 𝑠𝑛 = 1.3 + 3.5 + lim [ ]
𝑥→∞ √𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1+𝑥
1 1 1
5.7
+. . . + (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1) 2−𝑥
= lim =1
𝑥→∞ 2 1
√1 + − 2 + 1
[ 𝑥 𝑥 ]
36 (a)
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
sin 𝑎/𝑛 42 (c)
lim
𝑎 𝑛 𝑛→∞
𝑎/𝑛.
1
lim (1 + sin ) = 𝑒 𝑎 = 𝑒𝑎 We have,
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝜋𝑥
37 (c) lim (1 − 𝑥) tan ( )
𝑥→1 2
𝑎cot 𝑥 − 𝑎cos 𝑥 𝜋
lim𝜋 = lim (1 − 𝑥) tan (
𝑥→ cot 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑥→1 2
2 𝜋
cot 2 𝑥 − 𝑥)
1 + cot 𝑥 log 𝑒 𝑎 + 2! (log 𝑒 𝑎)2 + ⋯ 2
[ ] 𝜋
cos2 𝑥 𝜋 (1 − 𝑥) 2 2
−1 − cos 𝑥 log 𝑒 𝑎 − (log 𝑒 𝑎)2 −. . . = lim 2 𝜋 = ×1=
2! 2 𝑥→1 tan 2 (1 − 𝑥) 𝜋 𝜋
= lim𝜋
𝑥→ cot 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
2 43 (b)
= lim𝜋 {log 𝑒 𝑎 If 𝑛 is a negative integer, then 𝑛 =
𝑥→
2 −𝑚, where 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁
cot 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
+ 2
(log 𝑒 𝑎) +. . .} 𝑥𝑛 𝑥 −𝑚 1
2! ∴ lim 𝑥 lim 𝑥 lim 𝑚 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑒
= log 𝑒 𝑎
If 𝑛 = 0, then
38 (b)
𝑛
𝑥𝑛 1
1 𝑟 1 lim = lim =0
𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥
lim ∑ 𝑒 𝑛 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑒 𝑥 ]10
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 0 If 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, then,
𝑟=1
𝑥𝑛 𝑛!
=𝑒−1 lim = lim = 0 [By L’ Hospital’
𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥
39 (c) Rule]
We have, 𝑥𝑛
𝑥 Hence, lim = 0 for all values of 𝑛
𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑥
∫0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑥2
lim = lim 44 (d)
𝑥→0 𝑥 tan(𝑥 + 𝜋) 𝑥→0 2𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝑥 1 We have,
= lim = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑥→0 2 tan 𝑥 2 lim 𝑥
40 (b) 𝑥→3 𝑥 − 32
3𝑥 log𝑒 3−2𝑥
We have, = lim 𝑥 𝑥 (1+log 𝑥)−0
[Using L’
𝑥→3 𝑒
𝑥 1 1 1 Hospital’s Rule]
lim −1
= lim −1 =
𝑥→0 tan 2𝑥 2 𝑥→0 tan 2𝑥 2 33 log 𝑒 3 − 6 9 log 𝑒 3 − 2
( 2𝑥 )
= 3 =
3 (1 + log 𝑒 3) 9 (log 𝑒 3 + 1)
41 (d)
45 (c)
We have, 𝑥
1−√𝑥 (1 − tan 2) (1 − sin 𝑥)
1 + 3𝑥 1+𝑥 lim𝜋 𝑥
lim ( ) 𝑥→ (1 + tan ) (𝜋 − 2𝑥)3
2
𝑥→∞ 2 + 3𝑥 2
1 + 3𝑥 𝜋 ℎ
= 10 = 1 [∵ lim 1 − tan (4 − 2) (1 − cos ℎ)
𝑥→∞ 2 + 3𝑥 = lim .
ℎ→0 𝜋 ℎ (2ℎ)3
1 − √𝑥 1 + tan (4 − 2)
= 1 & lim 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥→∞ 1 + 𝑥
[𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = − ℎ as 𝑥 → , ℎ → 0]
2 2
= 0]
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
2ℎ [using L’ Hospital’s
ℎ 2 sin 2 𝜋
= lim tan . [∵ tan ( − 𝑥) rule]
ℎ→0 2 8ℎ3 4
1 − tan 𝑥 = lim
𝜃→0
= ] 2
1 + tan 𝑥 [4 (sec 𝜃 + 2𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + sec 2 𝜃 − 4 tan 𝜃 − )]
ℎ ℎ 2 4𝜃 sec 𝜃 − 4𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 − 4𝜃 2 sec 2 𝜃 tan 𝜃
2
1 tan 2 ×( sin 2) × 1 = 1 4 cos 2𝜃
= lim . [using L’ Hospital’s
ℎ→0 4 ℎ ℎ 4 32
×2
2 2 rule]
46 (a) 4(1 + 0 + 1)
We have, = =2
4
lim √𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 1 − √𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 1 50 (d)
𝑥→∞
𝑎𝑥 We have,
= lim sin 𝑥 sin(−ℎ) sin ℎ
𝑥→∞ √𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 1 + √𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 1
lim− = lim = − lim
𝑎 𝑥→0 √𝑥 ℎ→0 √−ℎ ℎ→0 √−ℎ
= lim
𝑥→∞ Clearly, √−ℎ is not defined
√𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 12 + √𝑎2 + 12
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ∴ lim−
sin 𝑥
does not exist in 𝑅
𝑎 1 𝑥→0 √𝑥
= = 51 (c)
2𝑎 2 𝜋
47 (c) −𝜃 −1
2
We have, lim𝜋 cot 𝜃
= lim𝜋 −cosec2 𝜃
1 − cos3 𝑥 𝜃→
2
𝜃→
2
lim 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = lim𝜋 sin 𝜃 = 1
(1 − cos 𝑥)(1 + cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) 𝜃→
2
= lim 52 (a)
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥
𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 . 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥 lim 𝑥
= lim . 𝑥
= 3 lim 𝑥→0 𝑒 − 1 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑎 −1
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑎𝑥 − 1
1 = [lim ( )
=3× 𝑥→0 𝑥
2
3 𝑏𝑥 − 1 𝑥
= − lim ( )] . lim 𝑥
2 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑒 − 1

48 (c) 1
= (log 𝑒 𝑎 − log 𝑒 𝑏). lim 𝑥
Put, 1 − 𝑥 = 𝑦 as 𝑥 → 1, 𝑦 → 0 𝑥→0 𝑒 − 1
𝜋(1 − 𝑦) 𝑥
∴ lim 𝑦 tan 𝑎
𝑦→0 2 = log 𝑒 ( )
𝑏
𝜋𝑦
2 (2) 53 (b)
= lim 𝜋𝑦 2𝑥 − 1
𝑦→0 𝜋
tan ( 2 ) lim
𝑥→−∞ √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
2 1
= −2𝑥 − 𝑦
𝜋
49 (d) = lim
𝑦→∞ 2 1
4(tan 𝜃 − 2𝜃 2 tan 𝜃) √1 − 𝑦 + 2
𝑦
lim
𝜃→0 (1 − cos 2𝜃) [put 𝑥 = −𝑦 ∴ 𝑥 → −∞ 𝑖𝑒, 𝑦 → ∞]
4(𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 − 4𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2𝜃 2 sec 2 𝜃) 2
= = − = −2
2 sin 2𝜃 1
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
54 (a) ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑥 𝑟 − 𝑛
lim
√1 + √2 + 𝑥 − √3 𝑥→1 𝑥−1
lim = 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 − 12
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 = lim +
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 𝑥−1
(1 + √2 + 𝑥 − 3)
= lim 𝑥 3 − 13
𝑥→2
(𝑥 − 2)(√1 + √2 + 𝑥 + √3) + +⋯
𝑥−1
𝑥−2 𝑛 𝑛
𝑥 −1
= lim +
𝑥→2
(𝑥 − 2) (√1 + √2 + 𝑥 + √3) (√2 + 𝑥 + 2) 𝑥−1
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯+ 𝑛 =
= lim 2
𝑥→2 √
( 1 + √2 + 𝑥 + √3)(√2 + 𝑥 + 2) 58 (b)
1 1 We have,
= =
(√1 + 2 + √3)(√2 + 2 + 2) 8√3 lim (log 4 5𝑥)log𝑥 5
𝑥→1
55 (d) = lim (log 5 5
𝑥→1
We have, log𝑥 5
1 1 + log 5 𝑥)
lim { − } [∞ − ∞ form] 1
𝑥→0 𝑥 3√8 + 𝑥 2𝑥 = lim (1 + log 5 𝑥)log5 𝑥
𝑥→1
1 𝑥 −1/3 1
= lim {(1 + ) − 1} lim log5 𝑥.
log 𝑥 5 = 𝑒1
𝑥→0 2𝑥 8 = 𝑒 𝑥→1

𝑥 −1/3 =𝑒
1 (1 + 8) − 1−1/3
= lim 59 (a)
16 𝑥→0 𝑥
(1 + 8) − 1 We have,
1 𝑦 −1/3
−1 −1/3 𝑒 tan 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 {𝑒 tan 𝑥−𝑥 − 1}
= lim , where 𝑦 lim = lim
𝑥→0 tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥→0 tan 𝑥 − 𝑥
16 𝑦→1 𝑦 − 10 tan 𝑥−𝑥
𝑥 𝑒 − 1 0
=1+ = lim 𝑒 𝑥 × lim 𝑒 ×1=1
8 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 tan 𝑥 − 𝑥
1 −1 1 60 (a)
= × (1)−1/3−1 = −
16 3 48 We have,
𝑥
56 (a) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
We have, lim ( )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
𝑥 𝑥
𝑎 −𝑏 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥
lim = lim (1 + 2 )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2
𝑎𝑥 − 1 𝑏𝑥 − 1 (2𝑥−1)𝑥
= lim {( )−( )} lim
= 𝑒 𝑥→∞𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2 = 𝑒 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥
= log(𝑎) − log(𝑏) 61 (c)
𝑎 log(𝑥 + 𝑎) − log 𝑎
= log ( ) lim
𝑏 𝑥→0 𝑥
57 (b) log 𝑥 − 1
+ 𝑘 lim =1
We have, 𝑥→𝑒 𝑥−𝑒
Using L’ Hospital’s rule
1 1
lim 𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑘lim 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→0 1 𝑥→0 1
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
1 𝑘 We have,
⇒ + =1
𝑎 𝑒 2𝑓(𝑥) − 3𝑓(2𝑥) + 𝑓(4𝑥) 0
1 lim [Form ]
⇒ 𝑘 = 𝑒 (1 − ) 𝑥→0 𝑥2 0
𝑎 2𝑓′ (𝑥)−6𝑓′ (2𝑥)+4𝑓′ (4𝑥)
= lim [By L’
62 (b) 𝑥→0 2𝑥

We have, Hospital’s Rule]

sin 𝑥 1 2𝑓′(𝑥) − 3𝑓′(2𝑥) + 2𝑓′(4𝑥) 0
lim = lim 𝑦 sin ( ) = 0 = lim [Form ]
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑦→0 𝑦 𝑥→0 𝑥 0
2𝑓′′ (𝑥)−6𝑓′′(2𝑥)+8𝑓′′ (4𝑥)
63 (a) = lim [By L’
𝑥→0 1
lim 𝑥 log sin 𝑥 Hospital’s Rule]
𝑥→0
log sin 𝑥 0 = 𝑓 ′′ (0) − 6𝑓 ′′ (0) + 8𝑓 ′′ (0)
= lim ( form)
𝑥→0 1/𝑥 0 = 3𝑓 ′′ (0) = 3 × 4
1
sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑥2 = 12
= lim −1 = lim − tan 𝑥
𝑥→0
𝑥2
𝑥→0 67 (d)
{(𝑎−𝑛)𝑛𝑥−tan 𝑥} sin 𝑛𝑥
[by L’Hospital’s rule] Given, lim =0
−2𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥2
= lim tan 𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥
𝑥→0 sec2 𝑥
⇒ lim ((𝑎 − 𝑛)𝑛 − ).
[by L’Hospital’s rule] 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥
=0 =0
64 (c) ⇒ [{𝑎 − 𝑛}𝑛 − 1]𝑛 = 0
𝑑 1 − cos 𝑥 1
lim ∫( ) 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑎=𝑛+
𝑥→0 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑛
1 − cos 𝑥 68 (c)
= lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2 We have,
2
2 sin 𝑥/2 𝑥(1 + 𝑎 cos 𝑥) − 𝑏 sin 𝑥
= lim lim =1
𝑥→0 4. 𝑥 2 /4 𝑥→0 𝑥3
2
1 sin 𝑥 ⁄2 1 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6 𝑥3 𝑥5
= lim ( ) = 𝑥 {1 + 𝑎 (1 − 2! + 4! + 6! + ⋯ )} − 𝑏 {𝑥 − 3! +
2 𝑥→0 𝑥 ⁄2 2 5!
⇒ lim
𝑥→0 𝑥3
65 (a)
=1
We have, 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
(1+𝑎−𝑏)+𝑥 2 ( − )+𝑥 4 ( − )+⋯
𝑎 𝑎 3! 2! 4! 5!
2
(∫𝑦 𝑒 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
− ∫𝑥+𝑦 𝑒 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡) ⇒ lim 𝑥2
=1
𝑥→0
lim …(i)
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑎 2
(∫𝑦 𝑒 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥+𝑦 2
+ ∫𝑎 𝑒 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡) If 1 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 ≠ 0, then LHS → ∞ as 𝑥 →
= lim 0 which RHS = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑥+𝑦 2 ∴1+𝑎−𝑏 =0
∫𝑦 𝑒 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= lim From (i), we have
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
𝑑 2
(𝑥+𝑦)𝑒 sin (𝑥+𝑦) −0 𝑥2 ( − ) + 𝑥4 ( − ) + ⋯
𝑑𝑥 lim 3! 2! 4! 5!
= lim [Using L’
𝑥→0 1 𝑥→0 𝑥2
Hospital’s Rule] =1
= lim 1. 𝑒 sin
2 (𝑥+𝑦)
= 𝑒 sin
2𝑦 𝑏 𝑎
𝑥→0 ∴ − = 1 ⇒ 𝑏 − 3𝑎 = 6
3! 2!
66 (c) Solving 1 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0 and 𝑏 − 3𝑎 = 6,
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
we get 𝑎 =
5
−2,𝑏 =
3
−2 4 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
= lim𝜋
𝑥→ 4 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥
69 (a) 6
2
𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥 [by L’Hospital’s rule]
lim ( ) cos 𝑥 (4 sin 𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 = lim𝜋
𝑥→ cos 𝑥 (4 sin 𝑥 − 3)
6
= lim (1 𝜋
𝑥→∞ 4 sin 6 + 1
𝑥 = = −3
2𝑥 − 1 𝜋
+ ) 4 sin 6 − 3
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
lim (
𝑥(2𝑥−1)
) 74 (a)
= 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2 = 𝑒 2 1/𝑥 2
70 (d) 1 + 5𝑥 2
lim ( )
𝑥→0 1 + 3𝑥 2
(1 − cos 2𝑥)
lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2 = lim (1
2 sin2 𝑥 𝑥→0
= lim 2 1/𝑥 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 2𝑥 2
2 +
sin 𝑥 )
= 2 lim ( 2 ) = 2 1 + 3𝑥 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 1 2𝑥 2
71 (b) lim ( )
= 𝑒 𝑥→0𝑥 2 1+3𝑥 2 = 𝑒 2
We have, 75 (a)
1 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 − 𝑥) We have,
lim
𝑥→0 𝑥3 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim2𝑥 = 0 and,
𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥 2 𝑥 4 𝑥 6𝑥→0− 𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥4
1 + (𝑥 − + − ⋯ ) − (1 − + − lim … ) + (−𝑥 −lim 𝑥− = 0− )
2
3! 5! 2! 4! 6!𝑥→0+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥→0 2 3 4
= lim 3
𝑥→0 𝑥 Hence lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
1 1 2
1 1 𝑥→0
= lim (− − ) + 𝑥 ( − ) + ⋯ 76 (a)
𝑥→0 3! 3 5! 5
1 1 1 If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄, then 𝑛! 𝜋 𝑥 will be an integral
=− − =−
6 3 2 multiple of 𝜋 for large values of 𝑛.
72 (b) Therefore, cos(𝑛! 𝜋𝑥) will be either 1
cosec 𝑥
1 + tan 𝑥 or −1 and so cos 2 𝑚 (𝑛! 𝜋𝑥) = 1
lim { }
𝑥→0 1 + sin 𝑥 ∴ lim lim [1 + cos 2𝑚 (𝑛! 𝜋 𝑥)]
𝑚→∞ 𝑛→∞
cos 𝑥 1/ cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 =1+1=2
[(1 + cos 𝑥 ) ]
If 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄, 𝑛! 𝜋 𝑥 will not be an integral
= lim multiple of 𝜋 and so cos(𝑛! 𝜋𝑥) will lie
𝑥→0 (1 + sin 𝑥)1/ sin 𝑥
lim
1 between −1 and 1
𝑒 𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 Thus, lim cos2𝑚 (𝑛! 𝜋𝑥) = 0
= 𝑚→∞
𝑒
𝑒 ⇒ lim lim [1 + cos2𝑚 (𝑛! 𝜋𝑥)]
= =1 𝑚→∞ 𝑛→∞
𝑒 =1+0=1
73 (b) 77 (c)
2 sin2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 1 We have,
lim𝜋 2
𝑥→ 2 sin 𝑥 − 3 sin 𝑥 + 1 lim (1 + cos 𝜋 𝑥) cot 2 𝜋 𝑥
6
𝑥→1
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
2
(1 + cos 𝜋𝑥)(cos 𝜋𝑥) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 sin 5𝑥
= lim = lim 2
lim
𝑥→1 (1 − cos2 𝜋𝑥) 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 sin 3𝑥

cos 2 𝜋𝑥 1 2 sin2 𝑥 sin 5𝑥 3𝑥 5𝑥

= lim = = lim lim . .
𝑥→1 1 − cos 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 𝑥→0 5𝑥 sin 3𝑥 3𝑥
78 (c) sin 𝑥 2 5 10
= lim 2 ( ) . =
(𝑒 𝑘𝑥 − 1) sin 𝑘𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 3 3
lim =4 83 (d)
𝑥→0 𝑥2
𝑒 𝑘𝑥 − 1 sin 𝑘𝑥 We have,
⇒ lim ×𝑘× ×𝑘 =4 sin(𝑒 𝑥−2 − 1)
𝑥→0 𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑥 ⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim
⇒ 𝑘2 = 4 𝑥→2 𝑥→2 log(𝑥 − 1)

⇒ 𝑘 = ±2 ⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→2
79 (b) sin(𝑒 𝑥−2 − 1) 𝑒 𝑥−2 − 1 𝑥−2
log(1 + 𝑥 3 ) = lim { 𝑥−2
. . }
lim
𝑥→2 𝑒 −1 𝑥 − 2 log(1 + (𝑥 − 2))
𝑥→0 sin3 𝑥 ⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1
𝑥 3 (𝑥 3 )2 (𝑥 3 )3 𝑥→2
( − + −. . . ∞) 84 (a)
1 2 3
= lim 3
𝑥→0 𝑥3 𝑥5 We have,
(𝑥 − 3! + −. . . ∞) 𝑆𝑛+1 − 𝑆𝑛 𝑎𝑛+1
5!
lim = lim =0
𝑥 3 (𝑥 3 )2 𝑛→∞ √∑ 𝑛
𝑘=1 𝑘
𝑛→∞ 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
(1 − 2 + 3 −. . . ∞) √
= lim 2
3 =1
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥4 85 (c)
(1 − 3! + −. . . ∞)
5! sin √𝑥 + ℎ − sin √𝑥
80 (c) lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑙1 = lim+(𝑥 + [𝑥]) Applying L’Hospital’s rule,
𝑥→2
= lim 2 + ℎ + [2 + ℎ] = 4 cos √𝑥 + ℎ
ℎ→0
2√𝑥 + ℎ cos √𝑥
𝑙2 = lim−(2𝑥 − [𝑥]) = lim =
𝑥→2 ℎ→0 1 2√𝑥
= lim {2(2 − ℎ) − [2 − ℎ]} 86 (a)
ℎ→0
= lim {2(2 − ℎ) − 1} = 3 Let 𝑦 = lim𝜋(sin 𝑥)tan 𝑥
ℎ→0 𝑥→
cos 𝑥 2
𝑙3 = lim𝜋 𝜋 = 𝑥→lim𝜋 − sin 𝑥 = −1 ⇒ log 𝑦 = lim𝜋 tan 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑥→ 𝑥 − 𝑥→
2 2 2 2
[by L’Hospital’s rule] log sin 𝑥
= lim𝜋
Thus, 𝑙3 < 𝑙2 < 𝑙1 𝑥→ cot 𝑥
2
81 (b) 1
.cos 𝑥
sin(1 + [𝑥]) = lim𝜋 sin 𝑥 2 [by L’
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑥→ −cosec 𝑥
2
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 [𝑥]
Hospital’s rule]
sin(1 − 1)
= =0 =0
−1
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒0 = 1
82 (a)
87 (c)
(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥) sin 5𝑥
lim We know that
𝑥→0 𝑥 2 sin 3𝑥
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
𝑛−1
cos 𝐴 cos 2𝐴 cos 4𝐴 … cos 2 𝐴 √1−cos(−2ℎ)
LHL= lim 𝑓(1 − ℎ)lim
sin 2𝑛 𝐴 ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ
= 𝑛 sin ℎ
2 sin 𝐴 = lim √2 = −√2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ℎ→0 −ℎ
lim cos ( ) cos ( ) … cos ( 𝑛−1 ) cos ( 𝑛 ) Here, LHL≠RHL
𝑛→∞ 2 4 2 2
sin 𝑥 So, limit does not exist.
= lim 𝑛 [put 𝐴
𝑛→∞ 2 sin(𝑥/2𝑛 ) 91 (a)
𝑥 We have,
= 𝑛]
2 2𝑥 2 −4𝑓′ (𝑥) 4𝑥−4𝑓′′ (𝑥)
sin 𝑥 (𝑥/2𝑛 ) lim 𝑥−2
= lim 1
[Using
𝑥→2 𝑥→0
= lim .
𝑛→∞ 𝑥 sin(𝑥/2𝑛 ) L’ Hospital’s Rule]
sin 𝑥 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑓′(𝑥)
= ⇒ lim = 8 − 4𝑓 ′′ (2)
𝑥 𝑥→2 𝑥−2
88 (d) =8−4=4
sin(𝑒 𝑥−1 − 1) 92 (a)
lim
𝑥→1 log 𝑥 sec2 𝑥
∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
sin(𝑒 ℎ − 1) lim 2 2
= lim 𝑥→𝜋/4 𝑥 − 𝜋 2 /16
ℎ→0 log(1 + ℎ)
2 sec2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑓(sec2 𝑥)
sin(𝑒 ℎ − 1) (𝑒 ℎ − 1) = lim 2𝑥
[Using
𝑥→𝜋/4
= lim ×
ℎ→0 (𝑒 ℎ − 1) log(1 + ℎ) Leibniz and L’ Hospital’s rules]
ℎ 2 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sec 2 𝑓 (sec 2 ) tan
(ℎ + 2! +. . . )
= 2 4 4 = 8 𝑓(2)
= 1 × lim =1×1 𝜋/4 𝜋
ℎ→0 ℎ2
(ℎ − 2! +. . . ∞) 93 (d)
=1 𝑓(𝑎)𝑔(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑎)
lim 𝑥−𝑎
𝑥→𝑎
89 (c) 0
We have, [0 from]
tan 𝜋 𝑥 1 𝑥 = lim
𝑓(𝑎)𝑔′(𝑥)−𝑓′(𝑥)𝑔(𝑎)
𝑙 = lim + lim (1 + 2 ) 𝑥→𝑎 1−0
𝑥→−2 𝑥 + 2 𝑥→∞ 𝑥
[by L’ Hospital’s rule]
tan(2𝜋 + 𝜋𝑥)
⇒ 𝑙 = lim = 𝑓(𝑎)𝑔′(𝑎) − 𝑓′(𝑎)𝑔(𝑎)
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
1 𝑥 = 2(−1) − 1(3) = −2 − 3 = −5
+ lim (1 + 2 ) 94 (a)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
tan 𝜋 (𝑥 + 2) lim
𝑥 We have,
⇒ 𝑙 = 𝜋 lim + 𝑒 𝑥→∞𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑥→−2 𝜋 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim ( 2 )
= 𝜋 + 𝑒0 = 𝜋 + 1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2
90 (d) 4𝑥 + 1 𝑥
⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim (1 + 2 )
RHL= lim 𝑓(1 + ℎ) 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 +𝑥+2
ℎ→0 𝑥(4𝑥+1)
lim
√1 − cos 2ℎ = 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 +𝑥+2 = 𝑒 4
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ 95 (c)
1
√2 sin ℎ sin−1 𝑥−𝑥
−1
= lim = √2 lim 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥
√1−𝑥2
= lim 𝑥 3 (− sin 𝑥)+3𝑥2 cos 𝑥
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
[using L’Hospital’s
 Limits Worksheet - Solution
rule] 1
= lim sin−1 (sin 2𝜃)
1−√1−𝑥 2 𝜃→0 tan 𝜃
= lim × 2𝜃
𝑥→0 √1−𝑥 2 .𝑥 2 (−𝑥 sin 𝑥+3 cos 𝑥)
= lim =2
1+√1−𝑥 2 𝜃→0 tan 𝜃
1+√1−𝑥 2 99 (c)
1 2 sin2 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥 2 9
= lim lim = lim 2 ( ) × = 18
𝑥→0 √1 − 𝑥 2 (1 +
√1 − 𝑥2) 𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 3𝑥 1
[ ]
(−𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 3 cos 𝑥) 100 (a)
1 1 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 − 2
= = lim
1(1 + 1)(3) 6 𝑥→0 𝑥2
96 (c) 𝑎 log 𝑎 − 𝑎−𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑥
= lim
1 sin 𝑥
𝑥→0 2𝑥
Here, lim (sin 𝑥)1/𝑥 + lim (𝑥) = [by L’
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
1 sin 𝑥
log( )
Hospital’s rule]
0 + lim 𝑒 𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 (log 𝑎)2 + 𝑎−𝑥 (log 𝑎)2
𝑥→0
1 = lim
lim (sin 𝑥)𝑥 → 0 ] 𝑥→0 2
[ 𝑥→0 = (log 𝑎)2 [by L’
as, 0 < sin 𝑥 < 1 Hospital’s rule]
1
log(1/𝑥) 𝑥(− 2 )
lim lim 𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥→0 cosec 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥→0−cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥
[by L’Hospital’s
rule]
sin 𝑥
lim tan 𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥→0 𝑥 = 𝑒0 = 1
97 (b)
𝑥+1
3𝑥 − 4 3
lim ( )
𝑥→∞ 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥+1
−6 3
= lim [1 + ]
𝑥→∞ 3𝑥 + 2
−6 𝑥+1
3𝑥+2 3𝑥+2× 3
−6 −6
= [ lim {1 + } ]
𝑥→∞ 3𝑥 + 2
−6 𝑥+1
lim ×
= [𝑒]𝑥→∞ 3𝑥+2 3 [∵ lim (1 +
𝑥→∞
1 𝑥
) =𝑒]
𝑥
−2𝑥−2
lim
= 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 3𝑥+2 = 𝑒 −2/3
98 (c)
Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
As 𝑥 → 0 ⇒ 𝜃 → 0
1 2 tan 𝜃
∴ lim sin−1 ( )
𝜃→0 tan 𝜃 1 + tan2 𝜃