Anemometer and Barometer
Anemometer
Barometer By Myat Min Khant
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Meteorological instruments
Meteorological instruments are tools and devices used to measure
and record various atmospheric parameters essential for
understanding and predicting weather and climate conditions.
1. Anemometer: Measures wind speed.
2. Barometer: Measures atmospheric pressure.
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What is Anemometer?
• An anemometer measures wind speed. It is commonly used in
meteorology and aerodynamics.
• Several types of anemometers including cup, vane and hot-wire
each provide valuable data on wind velocity
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Why ships use Anemometer?
Safety: Anemometer provide essential weather data for navigation and safety,
helping the crew navigate around storms and other adverse weather conditions.
Navigation: They provide real-time data on wind speed and direction relative to
the ship’s movement, which is critical for steering and maneuvering, especially
for sailing vessels.
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Type of Anemometer
Type of Anemometer Principle Operation
Wind speed is measured from the The wind lls the cups, causing
Cup Anemometer rotation rate of cups pushed by the rotation. The speed of rotation is
wind. proportional to wind speed.
Wind speed is measured from the A rotating vane align with wind
Vane Anemometer rotation of propeller aligned with the direction and blades measure wind
wind direction. speed.
Measures the time for ultrasonic
pulses to travel between
Ultrasonic Anemometer Uses ultrasonic sound waves
transducers. Time changes with
wind speed.
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Key Features of Cup Anemometer
• Simple, durable and reliable
• Works well in outdoor weather conditions
Key Features of Vane Anemometer
• Measures both wind speed and direction
• Lightweight and commonly used in eld studies
Key Features of Ultrasonic Anemometer
• Fast response and works well in low or high wind
• Can record 3D wind components in advanced models
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What is Barometer?
• A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. This instrument helps
forecast the weather by detecting pressure changes.
• There are mercury barometers, aneroid barometers, and digital
barometers, each o ering precise pressure readings.
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Type of Barometer Principle Operation
As air pressure increases,
Changes in atmospheric
the capsule is compressed:
pressure cause a sealed,
as pressure decreases, it
Aneroid barometer exible metal Aneroid barometer
expands. These movements
capsule(aneroid cell) to
are transmitted by levers to
expand or contract.
a pointer on a scale.
Air pressure pushes on a
reservoir of mercury, forcing
Measured by the height of a
mercury up the tube.
Mercury barometer column of mercury in a
Higher pressure -> taller
glass tube.
mercury column: lower
pressure -> shorter column.
Mercury barometer
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Evangelista Torricelli
Why ships use Barometer?
Weather Forecasting
Falling pressure: Brings strong winds, storms or squalls.
Rising Pressure: Fair weather and calmer seas are likely.
Steady Pressure:The current weather conditions are expected to continue.
Safety and navigation
Invented in 1643
Early storm warning: Provide an early warning of dangerous weather such
as tropical cyclones.
Route Planning: decide on the safest course and make other adjustments.
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Key Features of an Aneroid Barometer
• No liquid, uses a metal aneroid cell
• Compact, portable and durable
• Quick response to pressure changes
• Often includes adjustable scales for calibration
Key Features of a Mercury Barometer
• Uses a glass tube lled with mercury
• Provides very accurate and stable readings
• Shows pressure as the height of the mercury column
• Not portable: fragile and contain toxic mercury
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Thank you