SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
AND COMMON
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
Instrument Parts
Categories of Instruments
INSTRUMENT USAGE
▣ Scissors and Scalpels ▣ Cutting
▣ Hemostats, Forceps, ▣ Grasping and
and Clamps Clamping
▣ Specula, Scopes, ▣ Dilating and Probing
Probes, Retractors, and
Dilators
CUTTING
Disposable Scalpel
Used to cut the skin, sometimes called a
surgical knife
Bard Parker’s Handles
▣ Blades 10,11,12 and
15 fit in B.P handle 3.
▣ Blades18,19,20,21,22,
23 and 24 fit in B.P
handle 4.
Surgical Blades
Most common sizes are
#11, #10, and #15
#23 #22
#24
#10 #15
#21
#13
#12
#11
Giglie’s Saw
▣ Used to cut bones in
amputations.
▣ Used to do
craniotomies.
Straight Scissors
Sharp/Sharp Blunt/Blunt Sharp/Blunt
Curved Scissors
Sharp/Sharp Sharp/Blunt Blunt/Blunt
Mayo Dissecting
Heavy-duty withScissors
narrowed but blunt pointed blades
STRAIGHT CURVED
Mayo’s Scissors
▣ Used to tough structures
like linea alba,rectus
sheath during entry in to
the abdomen.
▣ Used to cut delicate
structures like hollow
viscus, investing layer of
deep fascia of the neck in
thyroid surgery.
▣ Used to raise skin flaps by
sharp dissection.
Iris Scissors
Small scissors designed for fine detail
STRAIGHT CURVED
Suture Removal
Scissors
Hook-shaped point on one blade used to hook
under the stitch before cutting
STRAIGHT ANGLED
Bandage Scissors
Designed for cutting bandages on patients
without cutting the patient
LISTER SCISSORS KNOWLES SCISSORS
Bone cutter and Bone
Nibbler
▣ Used to reshape the
bone during
osteotomies,
amputations.
Bone Chisel and Osteotome
▣ Used to chip out
bone.
▣ Used to perform
osteotomies.
Rib Cutter
▣ Used to cut ribs in
case of draining
empyema thoracis.
▣ Use to resect a part
of the rib.
Bone Saw
▣ Used to cut bone in
case amputation.
▣ To cut casts.
Periosteum Elevator
▣ Used to elevate the
periosteum during
amputations.
Heath’s Suture Cutting scissors
▣ Used to cut sutures
on skin and mucous
membrane.
Hemostat Forceps
MOSQUITO KELLY
Serrations along Serrations only along
the entire tips part of the tip
Some may have teeth
All may be straight
or curved
GRASPING
AND
CLAMPING
MAYO’S TOWEL CLIP
▣ Fix drapes in a manner to expose operative
field only
▣ Also used to fix tubing’s and cautery wire to
drapes in a way that they don’t fall
Lahey’s Right Angled
Forceps
▣ Used to dissect the cystic
duct and artery in
cholecystectomy.
▣ Used in Vagotomies to
dissect the vagus nerve
and pass ligatures around
them before division.
▣ Used in thyroid surgeries
to dissect and ligate
middle thyroid
vein,superior thyroid
pedicle,etc.
Allis’ Tissue Forceps
▣ Used to hold skin
while raising skin
flaps.
▣ Used to pick up a
fold of peritoneum
during laparotomy.
▣ Used to hold linea
alba while closing
midline incisions.
Babcock’s Tissue Forceps
▣ Used to pick up
appendix during
appendectomy.
▣ Used to hold
delicate visceral
organs.
▣ Used to hold cut
margins of bladder
during open
prostatectomy.
Thumb Forceps
Sometimes called “pick-ups”
Some with teeth are called tissue forceps
Ear and Nasal
Forceps
Bent for ease in ear and nose procedures
HARTMAN FORCEPS ALLIGATOR FORCEPS
Sponge Forceps
Used to hold surgical gauze sponges
May be straight or curved
Towel Clamp
Used for fixing drapes to the skin of
anesthetized patients
Needle Holder
Often called needle drivers
Holds needles firmly without crushing
DILATING
AND
PROBING
Specula and Scopes
Are used to expose body orifices by widening for better viewing
Vaginal Speculum Nasal Speculum Anoscope/Proctoscope
Metallic Bougie
▣ Used to dilate
urethra in urethral
strictures.
▣ Used to dilate
urethra before
cystoscopy.
▣ Used to repair
ruptured urethra by
railroad technique.
Vim Silverman’s Liver biopsy
Trocar and Needle
▣ Used to take liver
biopsy.
Bakes’ Dilator
▣ Used in
Choledocholithotomy,
after removing the stones
from the bile duct, it is
used to sound the bile
duct for any retained
stones.
▣ The patency of the
ampulla can checked, In
impacted stones or
ampullary stenosis,it is
not possible to pass the
dilator in to the
duodenum
Retractors
Used to hook and retract the edges of a wound for better view
WEITLANER RETRACTOR VOLKMAN RETRACTOR
Self -retaining Manual
▣ Czerny’s retractor
▣ Uses
◼ Superficial retraction of skin incisions during
laparotomy
▣ Morris retractor
▣ Uses
◼ To retract strong structures like
abdominal wall muscles and it gives
wider space to work
▣ Harrington’s retractor
▣ Uses
◼ To retract soft intra-abdominal visceral organs
◼ E.g. cholecystectomy, hysterectomy
▣ Doyen’s retractor
▣ Uses
◼ Used in pelvic
surgery for retraction
at the caudal end of
abdominal incision.
▣ Self retaining abdominal retractor
Uses
used in the prolonged abdominal operations. With
its application there is no need for an
assistant continuously retract
▣ Single/double hook retractor
▣ Uses
◼ To retract skin edges
◼ To retract tough fascia
Langenbach’s Retractor
▣ They are used to
help better
visualization of the
operative field,
tissue handling is
minimized and
bleeding better seen
and controlled.
Morris Retractor
▣ Used while making
and closing
abdominal incisions
for ease of working
in the deeper layers.
▣ Used to retract
Pectoralis major in
MRM for better
visualization during
axillary dissection.
Deaver’s Retractor
▣ Used in
Cholecystectomy for
retraction of right lobe
of liver.
▣ Used in Truncal
vagotomy for
retraction of left lobe
of liver.
▣ Used in kidney
operations to retract
the anterior
abdominal wall.
Joll’s Thyroid Retractor
▣ It is a self retaining
retractor used in
thyroid surgeries to
retract the skin.
Metallic Bougie
▣ Used to dilate
urethra in urethral
strictures.
▣ Used to dilate
urethra before
cystoscopy.
▣ Used to repair
ruptured urethra by
railroad technique.
Dilators
Double-ended metal rods ranging in size
used for gradually dilating an opening
HEGAR DILATORS PRATT DILATORS