Ans.

(c) primary consumer to secondary consumer

4 Examples of responses to hormones are listed.

1. Growth of faclal halr.
2. Increased blood pressure and pulse rate.
3. Widened puplls.
Whlch responses are caused by the hormone adrenaline?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1,2and3

Ans. (c) Adrenaline hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands present on the kidneys. This hormone is nonsible l for
preparing the body for any emergency situation. Heart is one of the target organs in which adrenaline acts.
Increased blood pressure, pulse rate and widened pupils are the responses caused by adrenaline.

5 In which part of the nephron could the water be getting reabsorbed?

(a) In the Bowman's capsule
(b) In the long tubular part
(c) In the collecting duct
(d) In the glomerulus

Ans. Option (b) In the long tubular part

6 PHARANDE
A cross between pea plant with white flowers (vv) and pea plant with violet flowers (VV) resulted in F2 - progeny
In which ratio of violet (VV) and white (vv) flowers wiIl be

SCIENCE
(a) 1 :1 (b) 2:1 (c) 3:1 (d) 1:3

Ans. (c) The ratio of violet (VV) and white (vv) flowers will be 3:1. It can be explained by a monohybrid cross.

ACADEMY

7 In a nerve cell, the site where the electrical impulse is converted into a chemical signal is known as ...............
(a) Axon (b) Dendrites (c) Neuromuscular junction (d) Cell body

Ans. Option (c)

Hint:
In a nerve cell (neuron):
♦ An electrical impulse travels along the axon.
♦ When it reaches the end of the axon, it cannot jump directly to the next cell (which might be another neuron or
a muscle cell).
♦ At this point - called the neuromuscular junction (if the target is a muscle) or synapse (between two neurons) -
the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal.
♦ This is done by the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers.

The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
 questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:

Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.

8) Assertion (A) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between blood vessels and alveoli.
Reason (R) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood vessels and carbon dioxide diffuses from blood vessels to
alveoli.

Ans. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

9 Assertion (A) Autotrophs are present at the first trophic level.

Reason (R) Consumers or heterotrophs fix energy making it available for autotrophs.

Ans. (c) A is true, but R is false. R can be corrected as Autotrophs fix solar energy, making it available for consumers
or heterotrophs.

10 List any two pairs of visible contrasting characters of garden pea plant used by Mendel for his experiments
stating the dominant and recessive characters in each pair.

Ans. The two pairs of visible contrasting characters of garden pea plants used by Mendel are:

Dominant PHARANDE
Recessive

Seed colours Green Yellow

Plant height Tall SCIENCE

Dwarf

11 How do Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce? Write any one difference in their mode of reproduction.

ACADEMY
Ans. Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce by multiple fission and binary fission, respectively. In Plasmodium
parent organism divided into many identical daughter organism and in Leishmania, parent organism divides into
two identical daughter organism.

12 What are the problems caused by non-biodegradable waste that we generate?

Ans. The effects of non-biodegradable substances are as follows

Substances like radioactive wastes, lead, mercury, etc. accumulate in the environment and causes life
threatening diseases in humans and other living beings.
They pollute water and harm the aquatic plants and animals.

13 Gas A, found in the upper layer of the atmosphere, is a deadly poison, but is essential for all living beings. The
amount of this gas started declining sharply in the 1980s
(i) ldentify gas A. How is it formed at higher levels of the atmosphere?
(ii) Why is it essential for all living beings? State the cause for the depletion of this gas.

Ans. (i) Gas A is Ozone (O3)

Ozone at higher levels of the atmosphere is a product of UV radiations acting on oxygen (O2) molecule. The high
energy UV radiation split apart some molecular oxygen (O2) into free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms are very
reactive and combine with the molecular oxygen to form ozone.
UV
O2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯ O+O
O+O2 → O3
 (Ozone)
(ii) Ozone layer shields the surface of the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the Sun. These UV
radiations cause skin cancer in human beings, damage eyes, disturb global rainfall, etc. The reason for the
depletion of ozone gas is the use of synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These chemicals are
used in refrigerants as coolants and in fire extinguishers.

14 How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?

Ans. The equal genetic contribution of male and female parents in the progeny is ensured by the equal inheritance of
chromosome from each parent.
Human possesses 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs are autosomes and l pair is the sex
chromosomes.
The two sex-chromosomes in human are X and Y. Females have two X-chromosomes and males have a Xand Y-
chromosome.
During the process of fertilisation, a haploid sperm fuses with a haploid ovum to produce a diploid zygote.
The zygote receives equal amount of genetic material from each parent and thus, retains the diploid nature on
fertilisation.

15 Study the figure given below and answer the questions that follows.
Figure gven below shows that how the root and shoot of a seed develop in response to stimuli.

PHARANDE
SCIENCE
(i) State the name of the plant hormone that causes the root and shoot to develop in the way shown in the

ACADEMY
figure.
(ii) Explain how the plant hormone controls the growth response of the shoot?
(iii) ldentify the stimulus that causes the roots to grow in the direction shown in the figure and state the name
of this response.

Ans. (i) Auxin causes the root and shoot to develop in the way shown in the above figure.
(ii) Auxin is svnthesised at the shoot tip. When plant is exposed to unidirectional light auxin diffuses to shady
side and causes all elongation. In this way, aurin controls the growth response of the shoot.
(iii) Gravity the response is called geotropism

16 Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.

Ans. Some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment are as tollows
(i) Soil degradation Extensive cropping causes loss of soil fertility. Also, over the time it can lead to soil erosion
and finally to desertification.
(ii) Pollution Use of synthetic chemical fertilisers and pesticides leads to soil, water and air pollution.
(iii) Water shortage Excess use of ground water for agriculture lowers the water level. This results in acute water
shortage at many places.
(iv) Biomagnification The chemical pesticides being non-biodegradable, accumulate in organisms in increasing
amounts at each trophic level.
(v) Deforestation lIndiscriminate cutting of trees for agriculture has resulted in loss of habitat for wildlife. Thus, it
also causes damage to natural ecosystem.

OR
 Draw a diagram showing spore formation in Rhizopus and label the (a) reproductive and (b) non-reproductive
parts. Why does Rhizopus not multiply on a dry slice of bread?

Ans.

(a) Reproductive parts of bread mould (Rhizopus) - Sporangium

(b) Non-reproductive parts of bread mould (Rhizopus) is Hyphae
Rhizopus, as a fungus, requires moisture to grow and multiply. Dry bread prevents hypal development or
nutrition absorption, resulting in no multiplication.

Section-B

17) Which of the following does not form an acidic salt?

(a) Nitric acid
(b) Carbonic acid
(c) Hydrochloric acid
(d) Sulphuric acid

Ans. Option (b)

18
PHARANDE
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, It means that
(a) food is not cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) fuel is wet.
SCIENCE
(d) fuel is burning completely.

ACADEMY
Ans. (b) If the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened, it means that the air holes are blocked and fuel is getting
wasted as it is not burning completely.

19) An aqueous solution turns red litmus solution blue. Excess addition of which of the following solution would
reverse the change.
(a) Baking powder (b) Lime water
(c) Hydrochloric acid (d) Ammonium hydroxide solution

Ans. (c) Excess addition of hydrochloric acid (HCI) would reverse the change.

20 Which of the following can undergo a chemical reaction?

(a) MgSO4 + Fe
(b) ZnSO4 + Fe
(c) MgSO4 + Pb
(d) CuSO4 + Fe

Ans. (d) CuSO4 + Fe

21 Milk of magnesia is
(a) solid magnesium oxide
(b) insoluble magnesium hydroxide
(c) soluble magnesium hydroxide
(d) insoluble magnesium carbonate
Ans. Option (c)

22 A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle.

The clear supernatant solution turns the p paper yellowish-orange. Which of the following would change the
colour of this pH paper to greenish-blue?
(a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar
(c) Common salt (d) An antacid

Ans. (d) As pH paper turns greenish blue for weakly basic compound and antacids contain weak base like Mg(OH)2
So, an antacid would change the colour of this ph paper to greenish-blue. Other options (a) and (b) contain acids
and option (c) is a neutral salt.

23 Glve an example of a metal which

(i) is a liquid at room temperature.
(ii) can be easily cut with a knife.
(iii) is a good conductor of heat.
(iv) is a poor conductor of heat.

Ans. (i) Mercury (ii) Sodium (iii) Silver (iv) Lead

The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:

PHARANDE
Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.

SCIENCE
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.

24 Assertion (A) Ethanoic acid is also known as glacial acetic acid.

ACADEMY
Reason (R) The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290K and hence, it often freezes during winters in cold
climates.

Ans. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

25 (i) In the given series of reactions, name the compounds X and Z.

(ii) Which type of reaction is X to Z?

(ii) You are given 3 unknown solutions A, B, and C with pH values of 6, 8 and 9.5 respectively. In which solution
will the maximum number of hydronium ions be present?
Arrange the given samples in the increasing order of H+ ion concentration.

Ans. (i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3

(ii) Decomposition reaction
(iii) Solution A
Increasing order or H+ ions C < B < A
26 Attempt either option A or B. 3

B. Consider the following diagram.

(i) ldentify the gases evolved at the anode and cathode in the above experimental set up.
(ii) Name the process that occurs. Why is it called so?
(iii) Illustrate the reaction of the process with the help of a chemical equation.

Ans. (i) Chlorine gas evolved at anode while hydrogen gas evolved at cathode.
(ii) The name of the process is chlor alkali process. Since, the product obtained are alkali, chlorine gas and
hydrogen gas, the process is called chlor alkali process.

2NaCl(aq) +
Sodium
2H2O(l)
Water
PHARANDE
(iii) The reaction involved in this process is
→ 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g)
Sodium
+
Chlorine gas
H2(g)
Hydrogen gas
Chloride hydroxide

SCIENCE OR

A.
ACADEMY
(i) Draw the electron dot structure for ethyne.
(ii) List two differences between the properties exhibited by covalent compounds and lonic compounds.

Ans. (i) Structure of Ethyne (C2H2)

Link the two carbon atoms by single bond.
C—C [Step I]
Link the two hydrogen atoms with unsatisfied valencies of carbon
H—C—C—H [Step II]
But in this case even after linking the available hydrogen atoms with carbon atoms, still two valencies of each
carbon remains unsatisfied. To satisfy it, a triple bond is used between the two carbon atoms.

H—C≡C—H [Step III]

In ethyne, the two carbon atoms share three pairs of electrons among themselves to form a carbon-carbon triple
bond. Each carbon atom shares one electron with each hydrogen atom to form two carbon-hydrogen single
bonds.

(ii)
 Covalent
Ionic compounds
compounds

S.
Property Reason Property Reason
No

1 Nature These have Nature They have

• Their constituent strong Their weak forces
particles are ions intermolecular constituent of attraction
• They are hard solids forces of particles are between their
consisting of ions. attraction molecules. molecules.
between their These are
ions, gases, liquids
which cannot be or soft solids
separated easily. (except
graphite and
diamond).

2 Boiling point and Boiling point They have

There exists a
meting point and meting weak forces
strong force of
These are non point of
attraction
volatile with high These are attraction
between the
boiling point and volatile with between the

PHARANDE
oppositely
melting point. low boiling binding
charged ions, so
and low molecules,
a large amount of
meting point. thus less
energy is required

SCIENCE
to break the
strong bonding
energy is
required to
break
force between
the force of

ACADEMY
ions.
bonding.

3 Electrical Intermolecular Electrical Due to the

conductivity force of conductivity absence of
They do not attraction (ie. They are bad free ions or
conduct electricity in electrostatic conductors of charged
the solid state. But forces) between electricity in particles.
act as sa good ions in the solid, molten
conductor in the solid state are or aqueous
fused or molten very strong, state.
state. which gets
weaken in fused
or molten state.
Hence, ions
become mobile.

4 Solubility Water is a polar Solubility As organic

These are soluble in solvent, it These are solvents are
water but insoluble in decreases the insoluble in non-polar,
organic solvents. intermolecular water but hence, these
forces of dissolve in dissolve in
attraction, organic non-polar
resulting in free solvents.
 ions in aqueous covalent
solution. Hence, compounds.
they dissolve.

27 The table shows the electronic structures of four elements.

Element Electronic structure

P 2, 6

Q 2,8,1

R 2,8,7

S 2,8,8

(i) Identify which element(s) will form covalent bonds with carbon.
(ii) "Carbon reacts with an element in the above table to form several compound." Give suitable reason.

Ans. (i) The elements P and R will form covalent bond with carbon because both the elements accept electrons to
form ionic as well as covalent bonds.
While element Q(2,8,1) donates one electron to form ionic compounds and element 'S' (2,8,8) is stable due to
complete octet in valence shell. Hence, they do not form covalent bond with carbon.
(ii) Carbon reacts with an element in table to form several compounds because of
(a) Tetravalency of carbon Carbon has electronic structure of (2,4). Thus, it has four electrons in outermost shell.

PHARANDE
It is capable of bond formation with four other elements.
(b) Catenation Due to small size, C—C bond is strong. This allow carbon to form long chain compound of
different size

28 SCIENCE
The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in the order of their decreasing activities. Copper and silver, both
being placed lower than hydrogen in the reactivity series are easily displaced out of a solution of their ions by
reactive metals higher up in the reactivity series. Iron, however cannot displace Na+ and Ca2+ as it present below
Na and Ca in the reactivity series.
ACADEMY
(i) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids.
(ii) 5 ml each of concentrated HCI, HNO3 and a mixture of concentrated HCI (15 mL) and concentrated
HNO3 (5 ml) were taken in a test tube labelled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal was put in each test tube.
No change occurred in test tube A and B but the metal got dissolved in the tube C. ldentify the metal present
in test tube C.
(iii) Zinc is used in the galvanisation of iron and not copper.

Ans. (i) Zinc and magnesium

(ii) The metal is gold which got dissolved in aqua-regia.
(iii) Zinc is placed above iron in the activity series. When deposited over its surface (galvanisation), zinc gets
corroded and not iron. But copper is placed below iron and therefore, does not participate in the corrosion. In
this case, iron is corroded or rusted.

29 (i) Combustion of coke is a combination reaction. CO2 formed during reaction is not a pollutant. Then why is
combustion of coke harmful?
(ii) Which reaction followed by two combination reactions are involved in white wash of walls?
(iii) Give one use of tin plating in daily life.
(iv) How photochemical reactions have played an important role in photography?

Ans. (i) CO2 is not a pollutant when present in the atmosphere upto a certain percent. Rather, it helps to maintain the
temperature of the Earth. Combustion of coke is harmful as it increases the concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere which causes global warming (greenhouse effect).
 (ii) Reaction of calcium with oxygen gives quicklime (CaO) which combines with water to form slaked lime,
Ca(OH)2 which after putting on the walls. combines with CO2 of the air to form CaCO3.
2Ca(s) + O2(g) → 2CaO(s)
Quicklime
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

(iii) Tiffin boxes made up of steel are either tin plated or nickel plated to protect them from rusting. However, tin-
plating is preferred because tin is non-poisonous and hence, does not contaminate the food kept in them.

(iv) A photographic film used in black and white photography is a celluloid film coated with silver chloride. Its
working is based on the decomposition of silver chloride in the presence of sunlight.
2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

OR

(i) Write three physical properties each of acids and bases.

(ii) How will you show with an example that metal oxides are basic in nature? Give chemical equation also.

Ans. (i) Properties of acids

(a) These are sour in taste.
(b) These turns blue litmus to red.
(c) These are corrosive in nature.
Properties of bases
(a) These have bitter taste.
PHARANDE
(b) These feels soapy to touch.
(c) These turn red litmus to blue.
SCIENCE
(ii) The reaction between copper oxide and dil. hydrochloric acid takes place as follows

CuO(s)

Copper Oxide
+
ACADEMY
2HCI(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O (l)

Copper chloride Water

(Blue-Green)
The colour of the solution becomes blue-green due to the formation of copper (Il) chloride.
Metallic oxide, i.e. CuO behaves as a base and forms salt and water when it reacts with an acid like HCl. Hence,
metallic oxides are basic in nature.

Section-C

30 To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by forming image of a distant object, the screen should be
placed
(a) in any direction
(b) inclined at angle of 45°
(c) at right angle to the plane of mirror
(d) parallel to the plane of mirror

Ans. (c) at right angle to the plane of mirror

31 The far point of eye of a person is 2m. The type of the lens needed in spectacles to increase the far point to
infinity is
(a) concave lens (b) convex lens (c) cylindrical lens (d) bifocal lens
Ans. (a) Concave lens is needed in spectacles to increase the far point to infinity.

The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:

Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.

32 Assertion (A) ENT specialist use a concave mirror as a head mirror to concentrate light on the body parts like
eye, ear, nose etc.
Reason (R) A concave mirror is more effective and easily available.

Ans. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

33 (a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the pattern of magnetic fleld lines produced due to a current carrying
straight conductor. Mark on it the direction of current in the conductor and the direction of magnetic field lines.
(b) Name the device used to magnetise a piece of magnetic material. Draw a labelled diagram to show the
arrangement used for the magnetisation of a cylinder made of soft iron.

Ans. (a)

PHARANDE
SCIENCE
ACADEMY
(b) Solenoid, it produces strong, uniform magnetic field inside it and its shape is convenient to place a magnetic
material in its vicinity and magnetise it.

OR

Draw ray diagram to show the nature, position, and relative size of the image formed by a convex mirror when
the object is placed at infinity pole P of the mirror.
Ans.

34 Give reason:
(i) Red colour is selected for danger signals.
(ii) The sky appears dark in space.
(iii) What is the reason behind twinkling of stars?

Ans. (i) Scattering of red light is minimum, so danger signals can be seen from far distances.
(ii) Sky appears dark in space because there is no atmosphere and hence no scattering of light in space.
(iii) Stars appear to twinkle at night because the light coming from a star undergoes atmospheric refraction.

35 State right hand thumb rule to determine the direction of magnetic field around a current carrying conductor.
Apply this rule to find the direction of magnetic field inside and outside a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of
a table and current is flowing through it clockwise.

PHARANDE
Ans. The magnetic field lines due to a circular coil is shown in the given figure.

SCIENCE
ACADEMY

At every point on a current carrying circular loop, the magnetic field is in the form of concentric circles around it.
As we move away from it, the circles would become larger. When we reach the centre of loop, the field appears
to be a straight line.
The magnetic field produced by current carrying circular wire at a given point is (i) Directly proportional to the
amount of current (l) passing through it,
i.e. B ∝ I .......(i)
(ii) Directly proportional to the number of turns (N) of the wire
i.e B ∝ N ........(ii)
Magnetic field is additive in nature i.e., magnetic field of one loop adds up to magnetic field of another loop. Thís
is because the current in each circular turn has the sane direction.
The strength of magnetic ficld produced by a current carrying circular coil can be increased by
(a) increasing the number of turns of the coil.
(b) increasing the current flowing through the coil.

36 A reddish-brown metal ‘X’, when heated in air, gives a black compound ‘Y’, which when heated in presence of H₂
 gas gives ‘X’ back. ‘X’ is refined by the process of electrolysis; this refined form of ‘X’ is used in electrical wiring.
Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’. Draw a well-labeled diagram to represent the process of refining ‘X’.

Ans. (a) ‘X’ - Copper/ Cu and ‘Y’ - CuO

(b) Diagram to represent the process of refining of ‘X.

37

PHARANDE
The above image is that of a reflecting telescope. Reflecting telescopes revolutionised our ways of looking into
the sky. They employ mirrors to gather and focus light, rather than relying solely on lenses as in their refracting
counterparts. These telescopes utilise precisely shaped and polished mirrors to capture incoming light and

SCIENCE
reflect it to a focal point, where it forms an image for observation.
(a) What kind of image of the star is seen by the observer at the eyepiece?
(b) What kind of mirror is used in this reflecting telescope?
(c) Explain with reason what kind of optical device (type of lens or mirror) that is used at the eyepiece.
OR
ACADEMY
(d) What is the role of the plane mirror in the telescope?

Ans. (a) Real Image (the final image is formed due to the lens at the eye-piece).
(b) Concave Mirror.
(c) A converging lens is used at the eyepiece to collect the rays from the plane mirror and help the viewer to see
a real erect image of the star.
OR
(d) The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by the curved mirror and its position helps to direct the
rays towards the eye-piece.

OR

The diagram shows how a human eye sees a candle.

 (i) What is X?
(ii) Which part of the eye controls the size of the pupil?
(iii) Presbyopia is a defect in vision. What is the primary cause of presbyopia?

Ans. (i) X is the iris.

(ii) The part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil is the iris.
(ii) Primary cause of presbyopia is
(a) Weakness of ciliary muscles
(b) Hardening or loss of elasticity of eye lens

38 A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of school laboratory by using a lens.
(i) Which type of lens should he use and why?
(ii) At what distance in terms of focal length F of the lens should he place the candle flame, so as to get
(a) a magnified and
(b) a diminished image respectively, on the wall?
(iii) Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of the image in each case.

Ans. (i) He should use a convex lens as real images are formed by it.
(ii) (a) For magnified image, he should place the candle flame between focus (F) and centre of curvature (2F) of
lens.
(b) To get diminished image, he should place the canfle flame beyond centre of curvature (2F) of lens.
(iii) (a) For magnified image

PHARANDE
(b) For diminished image
SCIENCE
ACADEMY
OR

With the help of a labelled circult diagram, illustrate the pattern of field ines of the magnetic field around a
current carrying stralght long conducting wire. How is the right hand thumb rule useful to find the direction of
magnetic fleld associated with a current carrying conductor?

Ans.

The magnetic field lines around a straight conductor (straight wire) carrying current are concentric circles whose
centers lie on the wire.
It's a convenient way of finding the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor.
It states that, if you hold the current carrying straight wire In the grip of your right hand in such a way that the
stretched thumb points in the direction of current, then the direction of the curl of the fingers will give the
 direction of the magnetic field. If we consider ourselves driving a Corkscrew in the direction of the current, then
the direction of the rotation of corkscrew is the direction of the magnetic field. This rule is also called Maxwell's
corkscrew rule.

39 A student has three concave mirrors A, B and C of focal lengths 20 cm,15 cm and 10 cm, respectively. For each
concave mirror, he performs the experiment of image formation for three values of object distance of 30 cm, 10
cm and 20 cm.
Give reasons for the following
(i) For the three object distances, identify the mirror which will form an image equal in size to that of object. Find
at least one value of object distance.
(ii) Out of the three mirrors, identify the mirror which would be preferred to be used for shaving purpose.
(iii) For the mirror B, draw a ray diagram for image formation for any two given values of object distance.

Ans. (i) When an object is placed at the centre of curvature (i.e. double the distance of focal length) of concave mirror,

PHARANDE
the image formed is equal in size to that of object. So, for object distance 20 cm, the mirror C with focal length
10 cm is used as
u = R = 2f = 2 x 10 cm = 20 cm.

SCIENCE
(ii) For shaving purpose, mirror B(f =15 cm) would be preferred to form an enlarged and erect image of the face
at distance 10 cm.
(iii) (a) For u = 30 cm,

ACADEMY

(b) For u = 10 cm,

OR

Vinita and Ahmed demonstrated a circuit that operates the two headlights and the two sidelights of a car, in their
 school exhibition. Based on their demonstrated circuit, answer the following questions.
(i) State what happens when switch A is connected to
(a) Position 2
(b) Position 3
(ii) Find the potential difference across each lamp when lit.
(iii) Calculate the current

(a) in each 12Ω lamp when lit.

(b) in each 4Ω lamp when lit.

Ans. (i) (a) When switch A is connected to position 2, circuit A-2 is complete and only 12 Ω lamps are ON.
(b) When switch A is connected to position 3, circuit A-3 is complete and only 4 Ω lamps are ON.
(ii) We know that when the resistances are connected in parallel, they have the same potential difference across
their ends, hence, potential difference across each lamp when lit will be 12 V.

(iii) (a) Voltage across both 12Ω lamps = 12 V

V = IR (Ohm’s law)

V 12
I=

PHARANDE
= = 1A
R 12

(b) Voltage across both 4Ω lamps = 12 V

V = IR SCIENCE
V 12
I=

ACADEMY
= = 3A
R 4