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Rac

The document discusses the principles of refrigeration and heat pump systems, focusing on the reversed Carnot cycle and its components, including the compressor, evaporator, and condenser. It explains the coefficient of performance (COP) and its significance in evaluating system efficiency, as well as the effects of superheating and subcooling on performance. Various calculations and examples illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

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35 views81 pages

Rac

The document discusses the principles of refrigeration and heat pump systems, focusing on the reversed Carnot cycle and its components, including the compressor, evaporator, and condenser. It explains the coefficient of performance (COP) and its significance in evaluating system efficiency, as well as the effects of superheating and subcooling on performance. Various calculations and examples illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

saanziro
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
e leat Engine teas Pump, Redri 0) P Reversed Carnot Cycle PRedigerton: ) ~ Rebigpre fon isa procese of mainteising loo der, storage Spac . Carnpare to ene @kebippration Ellect (ee)! 9, >T1 is the amount od heat hich is fo be removed dam stor Space im order to mainiain (oo HKemperature Compare -fp Suni @Redrygerant) Ts the wooking dluid which is reuied to extroct the. Spaces baal Heat “Pomp. . @ Tdeal Redrigerction Cycle.” This eyele is besed “upon reversed Carnot Cycle . ae, nt Be 4y—|> Tsothermal Heat Adition "(a > Tsentope Compression, Q—a-> Tsorher mal Heat Rgection 44 > Teenvrpic Expansion. DE Se COR Aa Recording fo Win dee lao of TD +O, - Og =—We tWe > A(8e he) = Ade Me) 2 Se Ge = Met Se “OOP = ae Oc Se b8-o cycle in Reyer sib 79 > eyele im Reversible ok, ee a ne ak : Valid ae min | ‘or Rev, 8g = Tak om sieve BUMS 1 Ge 0M = 2H . 7 0.44, Se os =o 3A8.@ 2 Gar 068 He Bi-B:* 6, 0-69 = o49, Gy 49y = 34, 8y* 38-Or = 249 T) A heat pump is used copgets hee q howe in the Winker ang reversed -to Cool a howe in the summer; the inside temperature of the howe is to be mainteined at gore. the hee tronsdene. thrush He howe wa ts Ka/s and the. outtide dempere-ture. in wink is 5% The. Se tive “the heat purp is —— lo. A rely : wen atoyo Such femp that the tetto Betiseen the inten th 293, Op Ea” aay 2a . Ro'r sc eal et > 293 DE pee 9 taftec A932 in 2 bigs Or4OU KH» —> hs. = DE+ 8,> 4-9 kafc0c igerator js supplied with 3600 oS ‘a pee! of pele The ish has 4 be cooled fo ~23'%. don preserving it dor a long period withour deterioration The cooling fakee Place in (0 hours. The specidic. heat af tish js Q0 tag k obove freeing point of dish and os kafieg below freezing pond, Which is —3'c . The hfene heat of deezing 46 ayo kafigy «What is the power +o dive the plant “4 the actual “Cop ig hal} thay of ideal Cop: _ COPideat le COP ual a. COP sed = Tye Soo a ‘300-280 COP am? ARE Ss ‘Actual = oa Se 9.5 =5 Win fe hear vemeved sbomn 2 Ning a RE= ge > ee Gyo) doom a7 | 30. k to -ave- I = as KY > mG (29-3) + map tn p(s) Ca) [0 xeoxbo maa 3600 (2x30 +230 4 05m0 x60 KG0 30 kW. @Vie TE. koa) — @ 4. Redrgeration. 2. Redrgeration Filece 3. Redryerant a 4. cop od Redrigemtor ond Yea Pump. oreo 5. Tdeol Redrigeraction C Gete 6. Onit od theo ENeoe @ Basic") 7 . A R a Compresser Volve. ae Evaporator Se qu, —> Teobane heat addition, [-2 —> Tsentropie Compression. Q-3 —> Teobane heay Resection. 3-4 — Tsenthelpic Expansion, ® for entha expa i s pine iene Spa. The state of the work dluid at the entry 40 expander j gaturakd liquid and we know that Nopen = Le er & is dhe specidic volute of the liquid redyi — ce very very less compare 40 Specidic volume ‘of Vapour ae enseci ine the Compressor, Rerele the exper Ce 7 ¥ai ble in Comparison 49 Compresson wor, ao tsenthdpia’ erpantion is we. e QWry - Compression Ve. Net Compression. ” tt = He prefered dey compression over W 1m Pressi ie ‘iy a empresion ver Wet Com pression be CAittimiines d The liquid rehigeranr rey wath away -the (abi cating, ‘oi BW The liquid redigeront may damage the valve of the compress T ' Ory compression [Link] armpreripn | Ss | 4, op = —E a Nin fom _S-F-£8 ' . % hit Sg +$ shyt Shy ath cheng in KE and RE is negligible. hig = he tw © Eyaporator (4-1) i e¢ audensae (2-2) fe =0 4 fy hy +9 = hy “ha tg. shy 40 q D2 G28 thohy y 2 —G algo @ Compressor (1-2) 7 Se = harks y Qx0 1 ® Expantion Val — ht 0 =ha+ W Wee = ey > We = ha-h, % hy +0 = hyto > hyshy byw Ree hichy genre) Women al yn= mats Jlow rate od Yediyerant-s Be Redsigerasion npocity (Rc) <1» (h- hy] E(k) zh 3 “ey ' Win* ha-hy 4 Pin = nC haw) be ® Volume’ Efficiency a] the Rect rcating Compresson; ie : Ti is dedined-as the ratio between gatual volume enieri into the Compressor to the Suepe volume od the coripreasor, V = Ac my i Vesepe Aor a k| Where r= mass How of redigerant in 4 0, = Speeidic volume of rehyerant at erty to comprar in me ; D=Gylinder diameder L= Stroke We Speed in RPM k= Numben of cytinden. Roto = Ve C~ Clearence Koto vA P, =€voperator presser fa= Condensor Presser. + workiny on VC cycle , ental) om foe fee a ig didtd gt the tnd of hoot adts OE prcess, at dhe end of compression process, at the end of heat rejection process , and at the end of a i a expansion proces are 195° ta) 9 » 20 Ka/g ee “3, a gp Kafig Yespectively - The How raie Is 0.5 t@/s «Then the heating capacity od heat pump is hy= tag- 42 hn= at0 ge | hy= 90 130 hy? 90 kay : % a . Heati ackty = vA (hyn hy) KM: oF oy = os ( 210- 95)aw = 6oKW. ——> fv.@ anal Redigerank Vapor enters ‘Into the compresson of Ib standird vapoon compression Cycle —l0% (h- 402 Ky and leaves the compression at s0'c ie 432 kaley) Ts bh leaves the condenser qi a0e(h> 234K3)44) | | Me / An, Ina wW loadin copacity tedvige tation System operating : on Siple vers byete One scligerinn enters the evaporator with @n enthalay gl arKy iy , leaves with Gn enthalpy of |83 KJ . The enthalpy oct. the Uischarge of chmpessor is ato Kafe. Calculate the. Js cop WD Pywer Consumption in kv, ” J Kate of heat 7 Given, REx 9, = okU Bhy= Arka] hy - hy = 183 Kalk, hp= 210 Kalk. i hynh i Ape ae aires : = _183- ST gio — 123, ad Wy a G,> 86 + Hin > Bye T+ hee =b 25 enters the condenser aa the condenser as entropy values od the jalle, tranefer garage condenser in kW B Pouer ContympHen Re PED core . eye os DEY aa 2D Pin = W2S KW. others’ Rez ro(hchy) s+ mCie3-tD 3 rez 0.046 lsec. © Pine va (har) = 0.046 (aM \23 13) \" = jerk. wil eB] 9 yedyqeranr based on ideal Vers operates berern o my limit of —20 and +Yo'c - The reds gerane Saturated vapour aNd leaves Satusated liquid - The S07 SHUG = Lb4-s0 Roo— (bY = Qe 33.—> Am. WD rhe o0as Ky fsec. AE= HH hi-hy) = 0.095 (toy 2 D 0k9e 0.09 4 = 2p kw. —S Ang, X(0.7304- 0.09 Purr 109 a @EMSEHY" Varation in ameter on the Perdomince 63/'-veRel)" i ae, Cate (Ellectiicd Sinerenie tn Condenser: Pressure T wo! o Pa! > Pr + . Ore > 4 : @ hin et w--- ® coP = “Ting? Y Ore 4 @ Win>t @ cor= oe oy The. -redygera tion edJecr increme if Superheating occurs, in, emp: 7 ae ‘work impure fo Compressor also increases re ther iv » to compresson clirecly proportional to temperature. o4 mlee t6 Compressor. i ‘ ) We= 4 (ravg- 1) : e | = (at ~ 81) | ee | * We= awl Gt) a We Th cor ci or decreme de ‘ a iy Theceorore oF my reme dl 7 2 R o a etigeron the CoP Wil increore Lut in Care of Me the. CoP may decreme due do superheating in evopera Jor. _—— © Reet @ Win = cow tant. ® cor= BE 4 an Ss RE = Constant Wipe COntiont. CoP= Conston}. The lash Chamber does nor have any effect on the +dormance of Vers, ie 15 used +o reduce mH the size of the evaporator OD 6p erent esr WEG @ Use ol” liguid=vapoir Yegenaratieshear-exchngen’ = tirevers- on use ol hett exchager | mt Se 8 5 Condensor Le T Dearee of, gies Ty Sutbceting « Rez 9%, 7 hime Win® hy-ho — hiehe coP es apse Hear [oss by liquid = Heat goin by Vapor Rebig erant Redigerant- C, (HT) * Cry (%N) Coe Cry Ty Te #-A-T ~ Ne-45| Subcooling. heort exchanger is wed in @ Yedgeration a cycle . The enthalpies a€ condenser outlet and evaporator a outlet ave zg and 182 taltg Teapeetiely The enthalpy at ourled 0} isentropic Compressor is 230 realy and enthalpy od subcooled liquid is 68 kafty, The cop of the cyde is : 2768 = hake > hg= ior £2 ® What I Know —- @ 4- Basie. ‘ustinial Al Reaswn tor usuing isenthalpic expansion Instead of isentropic enflnsi, a. wi Com pression Ve Wet Compression, {teri [Link] Edficiency of the Leola Compressor. ap Effect of Variation’ tn Parameter on the pexrmance ae i) Effece of decreaze in evapy ‘e i a dor sure. 2 Eedece of ncveage. in condensen ae ii Edject ot Superheating in evaper tov : WwW Effect a Subcooli & Use of Flash Chamber in Vers). \ : 6. Use od liquid vapour vegenara tive heat exchan en im vers or Use o heat exchanger. @ Pebigerant } ~ Rebrigerant are the Working dluid which is Used to absorb heat S1om Siroge space? and—undegses—thecycle.. There rnfder iaka-Plse im —sthe eigen, Exeinple—Nits fey ‘sent erant Qye those Yebjpentdhich se atlcork the heat Sm Storye space and underares the Cycle. ‘These rebigeant exchanger latent heat in the oycle, Example Hy Rol RISA Second Retiaerant are those cedigeramt Which is led bs divst chit pinay rel rand then ‘they aborls the hea ey lsd a These vedi ei e y han, the sensible heat deg ‘the. process g “ge Example - Brme. @ 'Dagigna tion of Rebigerant Case T rg eranisissatverteahydeaiban: — 1 the chemical dormua of tedrigerane is Conta Fy Ch) then Such redigerans are designated ag Renee Mor) ) ther Exo CiaFCl Oh Cm Hn Fr Chg ' 2 | ! v , ™ pa ae P q R(m-1)(n+1) P > R(r) (24)! > Rodi > Rd Cots Fy Cin Un Fp met nee tay R (m-1)(n4) Pp >R(2c1) (ra) 4 > R134 CH Foc Can Hn FP Ug mel nel pz Lv 4-1 Ri) > Ron R(m-1) (n+) P ™-120 MHe f | Pry ame] ono W4 P+q= Qm+e DOF 14 9= Rx) $0. 2 95 92 cy H, F, Che 2 Crd, Rie > Rojee m-120| tie) | ps m=) Sa ae wne Py): am+7 D 0F249=0r) HE 2D 44> Gare °C) Hy Fy CU > CPtle Re dngerant Nongh at : Qu 3 Rie : Rov 1 The clorine atom which is prevent in commont vedrigerant b attocks the ozone layer located i Sphece The dunclion of o20ne layer is ee hormfuy altaviolate radiation emmited b. ri ees a We have +o replace the above yedigeraht aa herefore_ tehigerant yohich abnor contain a oe Thera (ued Strato - ( Qiom, RIs4a Cuhich > tsomer od Rise) ¢ 13 ; Os cestrenly edhiperont. 4) is Consider Case Ti — Then oh ed’ Wydrocarlon, refrigerant are designated on Wher Example. Coty Cinta fp Clg mee ney Peo 4-0 RI (2-W(v+1) } > Riso Cage TLE Td the Redigerant ares inoy : hen ach eben ov Agr lay We;- Og Re byigeaat Ho Con 500 Ns pie Case Iv | Apecctropes They are the mixture of two or bu4 acting like @ pure Substance. sts ne Sulostance and there de. Rene» Reo, ®so0? vttteeeee Desi gra tion. Rare Ray Ra cy Rang R 429 More than +90 red i3eranb gaia ag ® Desireable™ Properien od” Redigerants O Thermodynamic Properties, @® Chemical Properties. @ Physical Properties, Bebveiont Nis Rar Rixy Ta should be as high a> possible. gr atte more, thin -the Conden ser emperature. * Ten (in *e) Heo ——______y 37y [32 Re ——— 111 ————> % ———— 11 0, ———_>> 31 ‘c eee ca (0.2 Cog, Cain. Thee vedigerant ix ae not wed in Inde became there. Critica] Jem is | Joee Han com atmospheric tempercture. { > Te shuld be ’ has possible became tor sone % GO Pi capacity system jt reduces the mas dios rate of rehigern. uhich ‘redder 9 the give od the plant. . g Redigesctien hy { ka/tg) Nth ———> ]369 fed ———> 226) Ron ———>_ 2384-7 : ——> 16-9 Ria Risy ———? 1943 Gh Specitic heat 05 vapour shold be ag hgh a> possible becane hither the spccidie heat mean loser the Suphest of vapour evaporaion ten hte heat Arantder, which maintains a low mpertiure ae entry to Compressor . Thedvore lege Work input He know that Wore XT) . The specific heat od liquid red gjerand shold be a lov C4 possible Lecase loier the “specitic. heat mang higher the deme of cooly Which reduce the ‘reversibility f° exfecion process and> increme the rebyeration Ae ants ey possible because bighee> the theamaf conductivity loner the size of Condens! and Sears 4 =— kh, SE Kou | i » “The evaporator pressure Should not be less than +the atmospheric pressure. In order avid the leangye of Qin Tinto the system. Therelore evaporetor Pressme Should be Slight more than the Almospheric pressure. % — Condense presure sholild be as loc as Possitve.. “D Prescuse Retio — Ti should be an [ow as possible - 7 a4 en in the voue of S07 vi : ore = Ti should be oo [ow a possible + avoid heeting of “ehiproint. y ; TA should be a8 low a& possible becawy hi: discharge Temperate gweld evowld ves her Compectcoy ult in heating of ¢ Walle > which may reduce the Strength of : . ee Mm Amonia system gener. the Compressor are anle a : Wheceor: in cane of Freche ed Compressor gio a: od low dischage femperatures E are aiv ole. beeme_ Haber the, CoP meant lower the yunning cost. hear ot vaporization dor ammon; hough the latent ' nia paaoad but Ht will not help: 410 improve the cop of sysiem because of Nigher Hors inpue tp compressor a : . . le ty higher value od ¥. Theresere the cop of a the common rE bigerent plant dais in the same range. Try, Should be on. [ow ao possible because it is iPoportional ib Size of -the Compregsor “ \ _ mY, ve Fre tek | ael . Sag — Rebigenm y Compressor Pressure Ratio, fis 1021 Loo Reciprocating High Rrsy » Ria « ‘i Low, Ru eRe High Consiga @ Chemical Poperties. 7) > Should be von toric Amovia 4oxic in nature. net i : —~ Should be non dlamable. Amonia is expbsve in ee 1 Aaion th hibiaton oi ao 2 Fully Miseible — > Ri, iq ui @ Non. Miscible —> Nis, com ! © Pectially Mistile —> Ray a The vebiggranr. Vike “Ry Ry. Ahich maxes” dug mnising vmhintol) with lubes cating oi! dowes nop yen) ed Problem becsuwre im such caset the gil which le Gepugly a Cornpressoy, Bath 0 the compressor Wheres. “in ctoe of arnmoni ang apain b, Meh yen redvigerang. 1 Cor hich mi enon miscible mixture with of; N oder dey pablem became in such 1 alto \doe no i Cases 4 oi] Separation is Wed in between pp com Messor qn q/** le and “the apart oi i to Com presior opain- is broghy- back, | . eee a Ahen Rao is. wed ar resi ran Which Ma Kep partially missivle rnixture aith%o i} Create a Problem, Therelre in 6uch Caer Sintheite olf it used fn place Ge of minaral oil. pone : — Ammonia attack Coy per theredre wrought iron is led ay Material of conetruction- Whereas th Freonc asaees AL thetedre copper is @ Wed a material 64 conctructio, | | © PRepennes ~- =: Cost should be Lovo n. 4% _ Should be fog to minimize frvctionay losses. Rebigerank Meshad Result Nuy Sulphur Hck (us), 804 (ai tedumes) Freon Hallide torch Blue +o Blueish Green, Propene Soap ? bubble 4 fest xt Red ues * ligerant Common Sues feng Large industial units, Central Ac 1 unit Bi, ———> Pomer-te: redig erator, Water coolers, Rg. ———> Window AC NH, ———>Tce plant | Cold Storage, Brine ———> Mik Chilling plant. fie ———> fir cradt vedaseration system, Gas liquidication Ogee Pe onme co! hod iteme. "6 ®? @® [GareaemaReigerchon: {Cascade Redigeraction System» (area “o prdice low 4™8) ; ce [OW 0 93> 5p. ' COs aida sur tt — See he PRA 98 92° OH, cor = 8 = a eo eee CoF, CoFa Cor, "CoP, * “COFa > cops a AL ht 83 cor * “Cofe* ~ Cop, xCofy > |cop = CoP, x CoPa [+ CoP, + COPd| In cascade redugevation en oR Poe) the overall e thiaency of cascade re is — Gor), xGoP)2 cop= 23X bb 1+ CoP, +COfr saath 3 and Gop) =1 ration SySien O-7S | Omen Dee «) m 4. Rehigerant 4 2, Type od Resrigerant » Primary Redrigeram ty Secondly Resrigerant 3: Designationos Redrigeront DTI the rednigerant is saduvaded hydrocarbon, Wid the sedigerant are, unsaturated Fydrocar bon \ Ww TE the tab eben are. Inorganic Compound. ' © Are04vopea 4. Desiseable Properties od Refrigevand. ip Therrnodymamic. Properties. a ‘Critical temperature. 'y Enthalpy od Vaporization, S Shearie heat i dy Thermal Conductivit > Evaporator Presctire. & Condenser Pressure dD Pressute | Ratio.’ BY. Pree zing Temperature, : by Covwpressure dischagte ‘Temper ture, D cof. PD Specidic volume of Redigerany at entry +0 Compressor: JB Chermicas Properties. 9 Torisity, ly Flamivili © fetion with lubrication Oil. ds Action With materia, od COmttructinn, aS Prysieal Proper ties, : Cost by Viscosity, o) Leak detection. 5. Cascade Redvigeration System. @ Vapor Absorpiion Rebiigeration System (vats) oO @ asics Nis + Heo Te= Ambient -emperature. Te Redigerated Space emperature, “Ty = Source temperature. : “to 7 Heh Presewe Sey wh fermp, 7 Ugh Pr. Gui +h tiga Condenson Leah ere | High pressure NY trquid Nt Vapa Low emp Evaporator (His -steo) Low pressure. Low fressure . ie Liquid Ni, Low “Temp, He0 pressure, ee Vopeur Nt Do thermic = RE t la» To Te Dithe, vats system is Wed where the cost of elec icity . vey is vars sysiem is used thee lavge amount of warie heat jg available . Wty vars sysiem the compressor is replaced b A r Pump and Gienerator. 7 Absorber, ivy The solar Rebigeretn sysiem is based upon vaes « The most popyla if 4a vaks system is Git +H29). T, Generor S, ao Tk do . . = =0 (Cele is Reversibt [Bere Sabo ones my Se _ Ba + 8% — fe _, ee . 8 _ Gar &y a ee Storage space, Fiom equation 4+ Te ooo be San ae ee 9 9, (Ao) = (Hit > 8, (EB). 6, (tes : 2 cor: Bene. Sree etn A 8 Te * opt ) Compessor is Wed , ii) Higher Cop becawe hi on “energy Is Wed ag igh gree input ‘iy Heat tevec ed only Condenser. D Moe noi. ; y> rome ch her chancer of. Tebigerant » leakage, A‘ m WD ‘meister, Savage the compressor _ Sy & Cop: 7 According ep Ist law. of Tp, +86 Gt 8." % = Np 0 G49, - S&+% —® * CoP Reversed Carnot b Compressor ig replaced with Absorber Pump and Generator, 1 Low cop because low prae energy ic wed ag input Bs Heat rejected in Abstrber ong) Condenser. WS Less nei pS Less chancer of leanage tebiger ne vis There is to such problem 'O@ ‘Use “ol Analy sen and Rectiie \ = 3, pr! wv it Ye Feo droplets! of aie Due yo high kemp and “that thedl ee Vv Condenser and tinay essure of rehiseremt there is possibile jour ma Carry skis” Heuer droplets ty Z ’ 40 tHrotile Yalve . “The Waley rma 1 at the ont af dhotte valve due fo Jog lempeeale Which may leads +o ae a a Te avoid such condition, Anal, a le valve. Ser,and Rectitier Ore Used, Analyser does the deh dyation and co mpl rebigeren wep ple removal of waler OCeures in Rectifier, FTB=y5| Maximum pagsile. cop cd a — solar, dbson| 3 prion ved porto nee with generator Jemperature od 36k , alesonbor gemperatire. of 200k, condensen femperature. od x0vk and a evoporator emp. od aF0k is : \ Seok 60, 2% _ cop 300k B60 30 1 QDK D2COP HLS | ur Alserption teligeration ‘s siem _ | fom : vith tires. shetmal Feservolws a9 shotn In 45. A tediigeration edler of loon is ” : fequyed at asvk When the heag source aWallible 4s @t 400k. Heat oe i" he ejection O€Cus 300k - Evaluate 7! aniimum Value of requiyed. gr —> Te = Nook . = Toe eee ee aie 300K ae Te eon sak 290 - loo [ 9 teste Sie OB 8.27 5 9 Gq fo lott ——>/n, @ Whar I know A. Basic vers VARS 2. Ose of Amalyser and Reciidfer a" ‘ © as Redrigeration tem Reversed Brayton Cycle | fie Redigeration cyte) [bet-Colieman Gpele: 4A Teobaric Heat Addition 1-2 Tsentropic Compresion 43> Tsolstic Heat Rejection He 3-9 Teentrepic Expansion Ss ‘in pa eof Tecra | tedigeraton SYSM ,aiv is aren os wort dud" and We know that air is 7 Nhe a ited) #2 tohose enthalpy & is the dunction of Rmperature only, Theredre there is ne change jn “emp in would have Prices: BY if We “une Tsenthalpic Prpanion Thetedore 70 rebrizeraton eddece. We tno that the ppecitic volume of air is ver a hed Thecethre the Wore produce by the expander wip Signidicont - Theredare Teerdropic Expansion is used. cor= . : fo) Weer —C ee See bohy= (-) Nolet Se = bah) (ho-hy = G(tel) - (RLM) G(et-@(-y - we GY-(-y = -Ta) G-Y-(5-1y te { ———_ = ! Ta(I- 3) TUT) el Process ja ars ast 7 Gy cogs 3 : nmi Tt (es 7a UR)” = (lay aa ds = WSS fbobe telation Sor COP Can Ge led { : = expansion ave isentropic progess, only whe compression ang cor cor-d(q) . %p? Pressure vote = & wees ----s “ss Esen topic ee od Compresson"an'd: Tuilinely” + ! -— Mreversi fabs. for Compressor for Turbine Teenampie Work [ee teresa y= —Aetoat_too_ 3 has — hy - Teenin pie Work, 7." = abschy Toy hs hs= hye T3-Tys da fay, @)* Tas pan ? qT 8 Hear Rejection Ratio. (#1 RR)’ W . SG 8e+Win _ i ee CC . Se the volue od heat Yejection ratios ig a and the. fedrgeration eldece is 2l00 Kamin then the heat rejecked across condenser and CoP js . jas —_ . 9 ae i HRR: > G, = 2J00 om Th a Bell Coleman rebryeration plane ain enters the. oO 9-15) compressor ot a pressure of Ukar and femperctire of jor + Tt is then compressed to Q Pressure od bar, Air ig then cooled +o asta in the cooler. Calculate pb Theoretical coe »s ae fey ( Assume both Qoenpression @nd expansion ty be teenbaple having the volve ol Paty ,¢p= boos Kofta. » ve —> Compression, 2 pec Expansion, Then cabeulate @ cor 6) RE [ig ae Gine Bell Coleman Relrigera tion. B=Py= Vbar PaeP, = F bar. T= loc = Qa. Ta = 25%] ~ 298k. > cor = ee Gy oe = 4 1 —— fn. P Ree Be 7 behy? GT) = ves ( gaa- 86) = 95.3r i) — hw. WW Se a hi, = WB) ale > sn 32) De 0) se) era =\ SIF = hoy, 4fa( 1519-1) = UF. RF (Boece adn aR qx tt Ty) Oy” a = WGOS% 29 x (| 0.059) oe ee py! c0 Maths. : Ti. . (fay tch : RES O(T-Ty) ae > ch F 005 (2¢3-205-F4) > 2 ® oA (2 W8y bo. Ry. 2 Tp eos Sy k fra, ae = Win= Hen by Ne = 35 feve-ty) 3 Gt ot ot ba =a (Rm Ry > Be 1) OF ce > Tat 42$-S3k, aE ee) = \ea- 20 Ka/igy Wo Tab PW) We 4B vena ( 29f— Qos. sy) We = lu 8 KA. : . : = )}6y — An “. COP jon. 20-148 : The aixeradr vediigeration system Gis enters the compress: aay yl B-®] at a pressure. of Y o1 Ma ‘and 4 rempemtare. of eh s then compressed do a pressure od 03mm With an isentropien ‘ itdency 04 92% + Ty is then cotled to a femper-ture of os. 4 the Cooler, 1k ig then Remember. 7 > Bee (ayer D Ta* 319k Tr yo aa by" >a o 2b (a oT, * 235.55 2 Tus re608k. We wee ta G(T) D> 5s mhY Loos (23- 25.08) > m= os 5 > fins, @ ‘Nig? = We - Wy Por _com, of : We bey =i p 9 We hes tat ‘ ha fant > oAge ‘379.1y= 299 1 T2- 277 : Re UWE 86K: WW +1 0.S® Xboos (uts. ¢¢- 297) fo ee Hat x (bs) =O (ty) 2 Mee + oust bans (Yate ast on) 9 W,= Your kW i. Jer Wy = Q%24- Yo. yy) = Yade KU. ———> ns i) core Re +S _ 2 o 2 4S ——>imQ = uid ¢ ' j NE even though the cof od Airs Cyele is tess ae cop of vers but sill We We in Aivcrady Redigeration Sysiem. Lecause of HK low weight on Weigh to TR fatio . 3) are ene a0 ae a aon ® Electrolux Redijerntion System Tis a three dlud System where ammonia use ap a redigerant , water is/dbesorbent and Hg is used +0 create lao Pee ele ere ee doeg net whe any pump in the cycle. ® What “FE ——kenow —- acrinait bea”) 4. Basic. don j - — } Reason dor Using Isentrople Expansion in place ? od Tsenthalpic Expansion. P P 2 Tsen tropic edkctency od Compressor and Turbine 2. Heat Rejection Ratio (HRE) topes 4. Electrolux Redrigeratlon System. ee (Basic!) i is Q process oJ mainidinin femperature , Moistue Conknt (humadtay) , Parity od at and velocity of air simultaneously. Th ais Gndifoning the Working dlutd is Aemosphese ain / Moin fie | Rin whieh is @ hemmopencotcs mixture. oo g a © Dry- fin > Mixture of Mg Cor , Oe ete, @ Heuer Vopour > either saturated on superheated. Fy Reychrometry, -> @Bidromeiy) Tt is the brnch od the science which deals eiths the SH of propertica of moist ain, The dy air canbe contidere, f . 7 ‘d MIst air jg nor a pure ae cules tence but od Walker vee Variee “re rT ben, fom plece to place, is Ol Raomenie” Terms:, 77 Species Hams [Ausute Humidity / antag Reto) oT is wp dedined ‘a2 the waraho of nhass of Wale vapour Pretentt in per ke od dry air im a gwen volume and dem pera ure: Py ™my Ve Vata Vy = Tv “woe Saray For chy fir 1 : Pa\a = ™q Ra Te @ Joe_siater Vapour Ry =™, kT ——O Oo. PM my Re 3 Ble > me BAK > » =Hws fy « Ra 2k 2 234 : no) We Mol. We Rye Sty. As per Dattons Law. Sav by 2 ™ .q- eek Hh aod g-31y me . t f 2 3 Bowe arte & Kg od water vapour 9 : ae Fe-Py ke 0 y i ram of Waker Vapsy P= Cont. oe chy air. we in(—D only @ Relive Howdy (Ri, gf) 7 Tv delined ao the yao od mas od vapour : ; cee under $l catura tey cond: bien the ‘mar, @ . £4 Bien Volume Hien, and mpera ture. WA We VeConel é Tech, > Ws for unsarwated air RW MRT, ——O For satura ed _ain - Ge Ve = Ty Rs Ws ——O D> Re Ke Bee eee ae L oe Reus My RoFe : > [rm Pe Tvs fs for chy fin 2 =O for sdturakd air Y= 1 = fooy for unsaturated alin > o¢acy Pie specitic humidiy indicates the actuat a ee in mount od saer ir Whereas Me Reative He midity indteg * moisture atesebing Capacity of Atmosphere. air y) Fee ily N UNsbdtura}ed ir th Whereas Incase of “entnased con ae Present ing super rheastl cher o sagurated s pet ’ bic ueregbr iO H=Hat+ ty kIT * Wye enthalpy ed wouer voper. > He Mahe + mh, kd ache Bh" 2 Dh ahr why fj of diy Gr h = Gat + (2500+ Cp +) * ® fre Lost + w(as00 + bes ig dy we "b= DBT of Ain Go) @ bigice od Soltson[Poceny Heid). ~ 0.682 ER, sot 0.422 fs j Roe ! W= Specidic humiciay ) W, = Specific humidity Gt saturated Condition : for saterated Bic (BX 100%) whee Ae = TF js the Saturation pre Ssure Aare ponding dg Dy Bulb Temperature» ' "4 : f= the saturation pressure corecponti do Wet Bulb Temperature. a P= Dy ty the saturation Pleasure Comesponding ety due point Temperature. DPT > Saturation fempem#te Coweeponding fo partial pressure. Pe pending 7 porfot pr od oe ® — A This formulas is tue fo calculare patil pressure ol vapour, Pa-2) 2700 Vv P= Atmospheric pressure [Tee Pressure 4t> DBT tl =We7 B-go| The DBT and NBT od atmospheric at are %'c and 20'c 1 \g—3i) veapectively The. atmospheric. pressure is yomm of Hy + Then Oy tial pect) ie. des pot tu ‘ eae ew. Vapour and dew point tempersture. yp Relative humidity, yp Vapour density geutara ted Sqtura ed Tempe) Pressure (bar) 30 0. 04240. 20 0.02337 Is 0+ 01679 —> Given, DET: Boe —> As = OourY? bay UBT Qote —> Pyle 0.07337 pe ayo wm of Hg = boea® x quo = 0-9$658 ka, b gp (44D a 1G x 0-98 £5¢ (30-28) 0.02337 — 200 os = 0.01649 bar > fy, : "opt + 19°C ————> An, fy stot tet A-R oowkas 0.9 65—O.01LA9 = [Link] Kaos Hater vopour : 0.010 ol ay aie Tr Am i = oq 2m ob Waker vapour ks, of dry ai. > én, . » Bea . 0.016 49 qe 0.0424 gr BT8e ——— fins, We 0.622 50.622 x D per | he booed +19 (asco +1804) = a = [005% 30 + 0.0109 (2500+ (ae x3) = ks ___ 57-50 igol 4. te know that oy ay 2 RT Re Oe q fy a ‘e Aw 0.01649 x10 = oa! i ae - $311 x63 Por - an ' ©) Moist air is treated as an ideal gas mixture of Woxer Vapor and i) air (moleculr seighr of air 228-89 and soot wey hr of fazer =1R). At a lecation the-piey ig ont sth a. fe oe oad ae We. 6 a _ ee « Given thee the saturation pressuce of /arer ae — is 4246 Re, the mass of aser oper per tg eal od 4 ain pr, yr oF ae P= (00 KPa. per= 30'¢ —> Rg = 42 heh. Go S77 0.55 4 Pv Wwe 0-627 = fe Pes, Pe-Py > ass= fo =0,699% a By D> R= ABS KR, (W0- 2-335) = o.olyg7 aod wv ty of da. t ” (4.9 ects _— An, We- 9] My at 20¢ and g- 24 thar ha a Specitie humidty J 0+ O16, ig [ug of eI) or. 4 Conti deriyg the saturation pressure. od Water Napore at 30% a 4 240K Mm , the velative hurnidity of the air Hitt be — Given, £e DBT= 30" > Re 4-246 KPa. ‘ R= 1 bar wo [Link] *9 [lg ol chy ain iW We [Link] ov Oe ate PP = 2S DP 0.01GS 0.72 ee ress too-Py = 580% —> An, oo (E23) T1oa & ie of ynolst air of S0z yeative humdi at atmnosphedc preacure, 1s isothermal a presse of duo at moPheree , then. @ 45 Telative howd wil Yeduce t 257 © i relative humid: 9 y Hi Temain unchanged. & sre sample of ais Will become. Saturated 4 co pened to @) Saturation Pressure wiv intrese to duico the value. Pie Pt fo Pp > atime fy —> % times +R > & Himes Wat 2% Puy ge Be = 2h fis T= Axel =15 oor Lan, hy i Ry Cay oper eee Jz S0% 3 cornpressed . __cempened p - G,~ bate Fremst a= 2adm he ‘ 2 fe tos ofa 2 fe : Se tae. Pee riie = FE, 4 T= Contion- Ry elaem Reg = Corton —> Pye, > fuse Om Pe = 2atm, a Do 2 es) ana ' a 0 ee ae Toe SQx%5%) orlooy “Poss aa D 2 Losm 55S) poise air with a dat of Yor hasa rehtive humility od S07 - Mmospheric pressure. is, “tol bar . fan Hater Ruins = 1629), ren Saturation pressure at Hore. is A3€ ka, aNd saturation presswe_ at 1S'c is 4.458 bar. @9> Specitic hurideey im qnms ly dry air 9 DL The moist ain an Stated above is compresced to s+05 bar ang its Corres ponding dry bull emperafure is 150'C “The. teletive hemidiy od his Compressed air is ~ Given, DET~ Yor ——> Age WIE KPa. fx G07 = 0.50 a for bar = lo} Kfa. 1 Iso'c —> Pys= 4.258 bar... go a oe VS 3.69 ' - ycogeax — 2 doc- Ly Wye 662% XT aes cont IH 38 Phe > Pyg = 18-45 KPa. 18% Peo SNS = ae fsa q7se "389% —~>» fw x yo oe fh —> SHmes ft —— » SB times Pojehemertrie Charts, 1 @ Developmen = T As the partial precsure of vapour increased cp e respond Saturation demperature also ae ea own J plot a GPP between A Vt fe. have . Satrration Curve. 9 2197! Subcooled Ne oe Super heated gion. abe [é Th atmaspheric air 1 the woler present in vopour eloim . Therebr Qn diy Ginaieg the region ome is our area of concentration “The ongfnal Poycrome ti Char G8> a blows —y : Saduratisn curve Bloor - Rt We Know that co is dunction oJ omy. Therefre in neo oo chart , Py; is Yeplace with « pone Soturation wt curve tozdn(ty) only, — >: oer of dr According to Gibb's phase Tule. PHFoete Fr moist air pei, O22 > |4Fe ure (Fea) The above pBp psychamenic chart hao been plotied at treg a atmospheric pressure ino inorder -to reduce th seduce the d. streedom dom ao 20 e leqree of ‘ @ Naviout Lines on ~ Peychamedric. qenarey iy Gonvtant DOT linen ee We Ise We we —t 4 en A 7 sy —>t As long do the DPT’ is content carrerponding saturation pressure. (Py) “remains conttant . He knoa, that to- df) only . Therabre 0 algo femaine Constant. That Is chy the Corsini OPT j ctollo® Consjane Specidic hunicty line. ‘8 B'Basic ychreme tr Processeg’”, ) Gale Hoa wt Or

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