G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SECTOR 48, GURUGRAM
CLASS – X : SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) : Module 7
L-6: Life Processes (Respiration)
Completed in Module 6 Contents of Module 7
• Holozoic nutrition Section A (Day 1)
• Digestion in humans • Exchange of gases
• Assignment • Mechanism of breathing
Section B (Day 2)
• Breakdown of food to release energy
• Different pathways of glucose breakdown
• Aerobic Vs Anaerobic respiration
• Respiration in plants
• Assignment (available as Google Form in
Google Classroom)
Instructions for this module:
• Read topic Respiration from Science NCERT Text Book
• The notes given here may be written / printed and pasted in your Biology CW notebook (you can
do this later in case of any challenge)
• All diagrams in this module are important and should be practiced.
• The worksheet has questions that will be discussed in the online class and need to be answered
immediately after.
Important links with this module
1. Meet the lungs:
[Link]
respiratory-systems/v/meet-the-lungs
2. Mechanism of breathing
[Link]
NOTE: There will be an interactive Online Class where Module 7 will be discussed
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Short Notes:
RESPIRATION
Respiration
Gaseous Exchange (Breathing) Cellular Respiration
(Inhalation - Exhalation) (Oxidation of glucose to release energy)
Steps involved in respiration.
1. Intake of oxygen from our surrounding
2. Oxidation of food
3. Release of energy
4. Elimination of carbon dioxide as a by product
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BREATHING
Recapitulation of terms associated with the Respiratory system
Pharynx Cavity that connects the
(throat) nasal and oral passages
with the larynx and
oesophagus.
Larynx Tube forming a passage
(voice box) between the pharynx and
trachea
Trachea Tube connecting the larynx
to the bronchi of the lungs
Bronchi Bronchi (singular –
bronchus) are extensions
of the windpipe
Bronchioles Bronchioles are air
passages inside the lungs
that branch off from the
bronchi
Alveoli Structures of the lung where
gas exchange occurs
Diaphragm Muscle that lays beneath the
lungs and helps in inhalation
/ exhalation
Flowchart showing passage of air through the respiratory system
1. Air taken in through nostrils (Lined by mucus and filtered by fine hair)
2. Air travels from nasal passage to pharynx (throat) and then to larynx (voice box)
3. Air enters windpipe (trachea)
4. Trachea divides into 2 tubes (bronchii), that enter the right and left lung.
5. Each bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, through which air moves.
6. Exchange of air takes place in the lungs through alveoli
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Differences between Inhalation and Exhalation
INHALATION EXHALATION
1 Process of intake of air into lungs. Process of letting air out of lungs.
2 Inhalation is an active process. Exhalation is a passive process.
3 Diaphragm contracts during inhalation and Diaphragm relaxes during exhalation and
flattens by moving down. moves up.
4 Volume of lungs increases during inhalation Volume of lungs decreases during exhalation
5 Size of chest cavity increases. Size of chest cavity decreases.
6 Air rich in oxygen is taken into the blood. Carbon dioxide is pushed out.
Mechanism of exchange of gases
• Takes place between alveoli and tissues
• Air rich in oxygen, reaches the lungs via bronchi.
• It passes in to bronchioles .
• Air from bronchioles reaches the alveoli.
• Alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels.
• Here, exchange of gases between alveoli and blood takes place.
• The lungs have a high concentration of O2. Therefore, it diffuses into the blood.
• It binds with haemoglobin in RBCs and is carried through blood vessels into tissues.
• Blood has more concentration of CO2, which moves into the area of its lower concentration in the
lung alveoli.
• Thus, the exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli and tissues.
Difference in uptake of oxygen:
Terrestrial organisms Aquatic organisms
Use atmospheric oxygen for respiration Use dissolved oxygen for respiration
Respiration in plants
Respiration in plants is simpler than the respiration in animals. Gaseous
exchange occur through :
(a) Stomata in leaves (b) Lenticels in stems (c) General surface of the root
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The different pathways of breakdown of glucose
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
O2 requirement Required Not required
Location Cytoplasm & mitochondria Cytoplasm
Glucose broken Pyruvate Pyruvate
down into
End products Carbon dioxide & water In animals : Lactic acid
In yeast : ethyl alcohol + CO2
Energy released More (32 - 38 ATP) Less (2 ATP)
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