ENGINEERING MECHANICS
(MEE11002)
Mechanics is the area of mathematics and physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among
physical objects
Dr. Tirupataiah Kasani, Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
Syllabus (3-0-0)
Introduction
Laws of Motion
➢ Newton’s First Law
➢ Newton’s Second Law Read the
➢ Newton’s Third Law definitions
➢ Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Terminology
Motion: A body is said to be in motion if it is changing its position with
respect to a reference point.
Distance and displacement: The complete length of the path between any two
points is called distance. Displacement is the direct length between any two
points when measured along the minimum path between them.
Speed and Velocity: Speed is a measure of distance traveled over time, where
distance refers to how much ground is covered by an object in motion. Velocity
is a measure of displacement over time, and displacement refers to the net
change in position of an object in motion.
Introduction
Acceleration and retardation: The rate of change of
velocity with respect to time is called acceleration.
Kinematic Equations
Positive acceleration is simply acceleration and the
negative acceleration is called retardation.
Problem
A 0.53-kg billiard ball initially at rest is given a speed of 12 m/s during a time interval of 4.0 ms. What average force acted on
the ball during this time?
Solution
Problem
A 747 jetliner lands and begins to slow to a stop as it moves along the runway. If its mass is 3.50 * 105 kg, its speed is 27.0 m/s,
and the net braking force is 4.3 * 105 N, (a) what is its speed after 7.50 s? (b) How far has it traveled in this time?
Solution
Problem
The greatest possible acceleration or deceleration that a train may have is a and its maximum speed is v. Find the minimum
time in which the train can get from one station to another if the total distance is s.
Maximum acceleration and deceleration are the same. So time for reaching the maximum
Solution
speed is the same as the time for reaching the zero speed from the maximum speed.
Problem
The greatest acceleration or deceleration that a train may have is ′a′. The minimum time in which the train can get from one
station to the next at a distance ′s′ is
Solution
For minimum time, the train must accelerate fast
as well as decelerate fast without moving with
constant velocity. As acceleration and deceleration
are of equal magnitude so, the train must
accelerate as well as retard for the same distance.
Problem
Driving in your car with a constant speed of 12 m/s, you encounter a bump in the road that has a circular cross-section, as
indicated. If the radius of curvature of the bump is 35 m, find the apparent weight of a 67-kg person in your car as you pass
over the top of the bump.
Solution
Projectile motion
Prove that “THE TRAJECTORY OF A PROJECTILE IS A PARABOLA”
The trajectory of a projectile is the path it follows through the air, under the influence of gravity.
Problem
A soccer ball is kicked at 350 above to the horizontal, it lands 13.8 m away and reaches a maximum height of
2.42m.
a) What’s the initial vertical velocity
b) How long does it take to hit the ground?
c) What’s the initial horizontal velocity
d) With what velocity was the ball initially kicked
a) Ans: 6.89 m/s
b) Ans: 1.41 sec
c) Ans: 9.79 m/s
d) Ans: 11.97 m/s
Problem
A golfer hits a ball with a velocity of 45 m/s at an angle of 20° to the horizontal.
(a) Where will the ball be after 2 seconds? (b) What is the greatest height the
ball will reach? (c) How long will the ball be in the air? (d) How far will it travel
horizontally before it hits the ground?
(b)
Solution
(a)
(c)
(d)
D’Alembert’s principle
Statement:
The system of forces acting on a body in motion is in a dynamic equilibrium with the inertia force of the body.
Example problem
Calculate the velocity of the
block after it has traveled a
distance of 10 meters.
Solution
Problem
Determine the acceleration of the two bodies shown in the figure, if the coefficient of friction is 0.25 between the
inclined plane and the block, the pulley is frictionless. Also, find tension in the string
Solution
Answers
a= -1.41 m/s2
T = 83.9 N
Work and Energy
Work
The work done by the force on a moving body is defined as the product of the force and the distance moved in
the direction of the force
Varying force
Constant force
Work and Energy
Energy
Energy is defined as the capacity to work.
There are many forms of energy: Heat energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, and electrical energy.
➢ Mechanical Energy is divided into Kinetic energy and Potential energy
➢ Potential Energy (PE) is the capacity to do work due to the position of the body (Eg: A body of weight W held at a
height h possesses an energy Wh.)
➢ Kinetic Energy (KE) is the capacity to do work due to the motion of the body. (Example: A body of mass m is moving
with a velocity v m/s processes (1/2) mv2)
PE KE
Problem
How far must a 5N force pull a 50g toy car if 30J of energy is transferred?
Solution
Problem
A man exerts a force of 2kN on a boulder but fails to move it. Calculate the work done.
Solution
Problem
A football of mass 2.5kg is lifted up to the top of a cliff that is 180m high. How much potential energy does the football gain?
Solution
Problem
How fast is a trolley of mass 4 kg moving, if it has 180.5J of kinetic energy?
Solution
Problem
A 10.0 kg mass sliding on a frictionless horizontal surface at 7.00 m/s hits a spring that is attached to a wall. The spring has a
spring constant of 5000 N/m. a) Determine the maximum compression of the spring.
Solution
(b) Determine the speed of the box in the above problem when the spring had a compression of 0.100 m
Solution
Problem
A human cannonball uses a spring-loaded cannon to launch himself. He has a mass of 70 kg, and the spring compresses a
total distance of 1.40 m. If he needs a launch velocity of 18.0 m/s, what should be the value of the spring’s spring
constant?
Solution
Impulse and momentum
Impulse
Impulse is a quantity of force times the time interval.
Momentum
Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body.
✓ It is expressed mathematically as p = m * v and has units of kg m/s.
✓ Momentum is mass in motion, and any moving object can have momentum.
✓ An object's change in momentum is equal to its impulse.
✓ The principle of conservation of momentum states that in an isolated system, two objects that collide have the
same combined momentum before and after the collision.
Impulse-momentum equations
The impulse-momentum equation can be stated as
The component of the resultant linear impulse along any direction is equal to the change in the component
of momentum in that direction.
Problem
A mass of weight 29.4 N is subjected to a time-varying force F(t) = (3t2 + 5) along the x-direction. Determine the velocity
of the mass after 3 seconds, if initial velocity = 4 meters per second.
Solution
Problem
A 0.5 Kg ball strikes the rough ground and rebounds with the velocities shown. Neglect the ball’s weight during the time
it impacts the ground. Find the magnitude of the impulsive force exerted on the ball.
Solution The impulse and momentum diagram
Impact of bodies
Impact occurs when two bodies collide during a very short time period, causing large impulsive forces to be
exerted between the bodies.
IMPACT / COLLISION
Coefficient of restitution (e)
Principle of conservation of Kinetic Energy
Problem
A ball of mass 20 kg moving with a velocity of 5 m/s strikes directly another ball of mass 10 kg moving in the opposite
direction with a velocity of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of restitution is equal to 5/6, then determine the velocity of each ball
after impact.
Solution By conservation of momentum,
Problem
Two blocks approaching each other along a smooth surface, along the same line are as shown. After impact, the velocity
of B is observed to be 2.5 m/s to the right. Determine the coefficient of restitution.
Solution
By conservation of momentum,
Problem
A 1500 kg car is rolling at 2.0 m/s. You would like to stop the car by firing a 10 kg blob of sticky clay at it. How fast
should you fire the clay?
Solution
The Law of Conservation of Momentum (𝑷𝒇=𝑷𝒊)
Problem
A 10 m long glider with a mass of 680 kg (including the passengers) is gliding horizontally through the air at 30
m/s when a 60 kg skydiver drops out by releasing his grip on the glider. What is the glider’s velocity just after
the skydiver lets go?
Given data Solution
Problem
A 0.15kg baseball moving at 26 m/s is slowed to a stop by a catcher who exerts a constant force of 390 N. How
long does it take this force to stop the ball?
Given data Solution
Problem
An official major league baseball has a mass of 0.14 kg. A pitcher throws a 40 m/s fastball which is hit by
the batter straight back up the middle at a speed of 46 m/s. Find the impulse of the ball during the collision
with the bat.
Given data
Solution
Assignment problems
Textbook: S. S. Bhavikatti, K. G. Rajashekarappa - Engineering Mechanics-New Age International (1994)
1. Page no_273: Problem Example 11.2
2. Page no_274: Problem Example 11.4
3. Page no_297: Problem Example 12.6
4. Page no_299: Problem Example 12.8
5. Page no_330: Problem Example 14.2
6. Page no_348: Problem Example 15.3
7. Page no_366: Problem Example 16.4
8. Page no_388: Problem Example 17.1
9. Page no_390: Problem Example 17.4
THANK YOU
for your patience and cooperation…