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Cell Structure and Function Overview

Cells are the basic unit of life, categorized into prokaryotic (simple, no nucleus) and eukaryotic (complex, with nucleus) types. Major cell components include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, with various organelles performing specific functions. Key concepts include differences between plant and animal cells, mechanisms of transport across membranes, and the foundational cell theory.

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4 views2 pages

Cell Structure and Function Overview

Cells are the basic unit of life, categorized into prokaryotic (simple, no nucleus) and eukaryotic (complex, with nucleus) types. Major cell components include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, with various organelles performing specific functions. Key concepts include differences between plant and animal cells, mechanisms of transport across membranes, and the foundational cell theory.

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elorah288
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION — KEY POINTS (BIO 101)

1. What is a Cell?

- Basic unit of life.

- All organisms are made of cells.

- Two major types: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic.

2. Types of Cells

A. Prokaryotic Cells

- No nucleus (DNA in nucleoid).

- No membrane-bound organelles.

- Simple; example: bacteria.

B. Eukaryotic Cells

- True nucleus.

- Membrane-bound organelles.

- Complex; found in plants, animals, fungi, protists.

3. Major Parts of a Cell

A. Cell Membrane

- Semi-permeable boundary.

- Controls substance movement.

- Made of phospholipid bilayer + proteins.

B. Cytoplasm

- Jelly-like fluid.

- Holds organelles.

- Site of many reactions.

C. Nucleus

- Control center.

- Contains DNA & nucleolus.

- Has nuclear envelope.

4. Cell Organelles & Functions

- Mitochondria: ATP production (respiration).


- Ribosomes: protein synthesis.

- Rough ER: makes proteins.

- Smooth ER: lipid synthesis & detox.

- Golgi apparatus: modifies & packages proteins.

- Lysosomes: digestion of waste.

- Peroxisomes: break down fatty acids.

- Cytoskeleton: structure & movement.

5. Plant vs Animal Cells

Plant:

- Cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole.

Animal:

- No cell wall, small vacuoles, centrioles.

6. Transport Across Membrane

Passive: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion.

Active: pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis.

7. Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of life.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

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