23ITT202 – Problem Solving and Python Programming
(Module 1 - Session 4)
Module 1
TOPIC : Operators
[Link]
AP/IT
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 1
Python Operators
The operator is a symbol that performs a specific operation between two operands.
In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:
Example:
print(10 + 5)
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 2
Types of Operators:
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 3
Arithmetic operators:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.
Assume variable a = 10 and variable b =20, then
Operator Name Example
+ Addition a + b = 30
- Subtraction a – b = -10
* Multiplication a * b = 200
/ Division b/a=2
% Modulus b%a=0
** Exponent a**b =10**20
// Floor Division 9//2 = 4
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 4
Comparison (Relational) Operators:
• Comparison operators are used to compare values.
• It either returns True or False according to the condition. Assume, a=5 and b=10
Operator Name Example
== Equal (a == b) is not true.
!= Not equal (a != b) is true.
> Greater than (a > b) is not true.
< Less than (a < b) is true.
>= Greater than or equal to (a >= b) is not true.
<= Less than or equal to (a <= b) is true.
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 5
Assignment Operators:
-Assignment operators are used in Python to assign values to variables.
Operator Example Same As
= a = 10 a = 10
+= a += 30 a = a + 30
-= a -= 15 a = a - 15
*= a *= 10 a = a * 10
/= a /= 5 a=a/5
%= a %= 5 a=a%5
**= a **= 4 a = a ** 4
//= a //= 5 a = a // 5
&= a &= 5 a=a&5
|= a |= 5 a=a|5
^= a ^= 5 a=a^5
>>= a >>= 5
23ITT202-Problem a =Programming
Solving and Python a >> 5 6
Logical Operators
• Python logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions and check
the final result.
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 7
Example Output
a = True
b = False
print('a and b is',a and b) a and b is False
print('a or b is',a or b) a or b is True
print('not a is',not a) not a is False
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 8
Membership Operators
• Python's membership operators test for membership in a sequence, such as
strings, lists, or tuples.
• There are two membership operators as explained below
Operator Description Example
Returns True if it finds a
in variable in the specified a in b
sequence, false otherwise.
returns True if it does not
finds a variable in the
not in a not in b
specified sequence and
false otherwise.
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 9
Let, x=[5,3,6,4,1]. To check particular item in list or not, in and not in operators are used
Example:
x=[5,3,6,4,1]
print(5 in x)
print(5 not in x)
OUTPUT
True
false
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 10
Identity Operators:
They are used to check if two values (or variables) are located on the same part of
the memory.
x=5 Output
y=5
False
x2 = 'Hello'
y2 = 'Hello' True
print(x is not y)
print(x2 is y2)
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 11
Bitwise Operators
• Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation.
• These operators are used to compare binary numbers.
Operator Name Example
& Bitwise AND a&b
| Bitwise OR a|b
^ Bitwise XOR a^b
~ Bitwise NOT ~a
<< Zero fill left shift a << 3
>> Signed right shift a >> 3
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 12
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE:
• When an expression contains more than one operator, the order of evaluation depends on the order of
operations.
• The following table lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest.
Operator Description
** Exponentiation (raise to the power)
~+- Complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two
are +@ and -@)
* / % // Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
+- Addition and subtraction
>> << Right and left bitwise shift
& Bitwise 'AND'
^| Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'
<= < > >= Comparison operators
<> == != Equality operators
= %= /= //= -= += *= **= Assignment operators
is is not Identity operators
in not in Membership operators
not or and Logical operators
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 13
• For mathematical operators, Python follows mathematical convention.
• The acronym PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponentiation, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction) is a
useful way to remember the rules
❖ Parentheses have the highest precedence and can be used to force an expression to evaluate in the order
you want.
❖ Since expressions in parentheses are evaluated first, 2 * (3-1)is 4, and (1+1)**(5-2) is 8.
a=9-12/3+3*2-1 a=2,
a=? b=12,
a=9-4+3*2-1 c=1
a=9-4+6-1 d=a<b>c-1
a=5+6-1 d=2<12>1-1
a=11-1 d=2<12>0
a=10 d=1>0
d=1
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 14
Thankyou
23ITT202-Problem Solving and Python Programming 15