Lesson 1: ICT Competency Standards for 3.

1 Apply relevant technology tools for classroom

Philippines Pre-Service Teacher Education activities.

ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO) as 3.2 Use ICT knowledge to solve complex problems and
provided in the 2017, Policy, Standards and Guidelines support student collaborative activities.
(PSG) for Pre-service Teacher Education
3.3 Model collaborative knowledge construction in face
to face and virtual environments.

 The program outcomes for teacher education Domain 4: Technology Tools

degrees clearly state that every future teacher:
4.1 Demonstrate competence in the technical operations
“demonstrate proficiency in the development and
of technology tools and systems as they apply to
utilization of Information, Communication and
teaching and learning.
Technology (ICT) resources in promoting quality
teaching-learning process.” 4.2 Use technology tools to create new learning
opportunities to support community of learners
 To ensure that the program outcomes related to ICT.
Shall be achieved, competencies were identified to 4.3 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of technology
be developed by every pre-service teacher (CHED - tools to support teaching and learning.
UNESCO, Bangkok, 2009.)
Domain 5: Organization and Administration 5.1 Manage
ICT Competency Standards for Pre-service Teachers technology-assisted instruction in an inclusive classroom
environment
Domain 1: Understanding ICT in Education 1.1
Demonstrate awareness of policies affecting ICT in 5.2 Exhibit leadership in shared decision-making using
education. technology tools.

1.2 Comply with ICT policies as they affect teaching- Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning 6.1 Explore
learning existing and emerging technology to acquire additional
content and pedagogical knowledge.
1.3 Contextualize ICT policies to the learning
environment. 6.2 Utilize technology tools in creating communities of
practice.
Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment
6.3 Collaborate with peers, colleagues and stakeholders
2.1 Demonstrate understanding of concepts, principles
to access information in support of professional learning.
and theories of ICT systems as they apply to teaching-
learning. Domain 7: Teacher Disposition

2.2 Evaluate digital and non-digital learning resources in 7.1 Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility
response to student’s diverse needs. in the use of technology tools and resources

2.3 Develop digital learning resources to enhance 7.2 Show positive attitude towards the use of technology
teaching-learning. tools

2.4 Use ICT tools to develop 21” century skills: ISTE National Educational Technology Standards
information media and technology skills, learning and For Teachers (NETS* T)
innovation skills, career skills and effective
An international organization for educational technology
communication skills
called International Society for Technology in
Domain 3: Pedagogy Education (ISTE), established standards for both
teachers and students. These standards were also
referred to in the development of the Philippine ICT
Competency standards which include the following:
ISTE National Educational Technology Standards
For Students (NETS* S)

Standard 1: Technology Operations and Concepts From how technology teachers facilitate learners,
outcomes of student learning should indicate that the
This means that teachers demonstrate a sound
following standards have been complied with.
understanding of technology operations and concepts.

Standard 1: Creativity and Innovation

Standard 2: Planning and Designing Learning
Environment and Experiences This standard will produce students who demonstrate
creative thinking. Construct knowledge, develop
This standard implies that teachers utilize the use of
innovative products and processes using Technology
technology to plan and design effective learning
from existing knowledge.
environments and experiences.

Standard 2: Communication and Collaboration

Standard 3: Teaching, Learning and Curriculum
This standard requires students to use digital media and
Teachers should be mindful that in the implementation of
environments to communicate and work collaboratively
curriculum plan, they have to include strategies for
to support individual learning and contribute to the
applying technology to maximize student learning.
learning of others. This includes the use of variety of
media and formats for global awareness with learners
from other cultures.
Standard 4: Assessment and Evaluation

Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of

effective assessment and evaluation strategies to collect Standard 3: Research and Information Fluency
and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate
Students are expected to apply digital tools to gather,
findings to improve instructional practice and maximize
evaluate and use information and plan strategies for
student learning.
inquiry. This standard expects the student to locate,
organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize and ethically
use information from a variety of sources and media.
Standard 5: Productivity and Professional Practice

Teachers use technology to engage in on-going

professional development and lifelong learning in Standard 4: Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving and
support of student learning, increase productivity and to Decision Making
build community of learners.
This standard expects the students to use critical
Standard 6: Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage
projects, solve problems and make informed decisions
Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal and
using appropriate digital tools.
human issues surrounding the use of technology in
support of student learning who come from diverse
background, affirm diversity, promote safe and healthy
Standard 5: Digital Citizenship
use of technology resources and facilitate access to
technology resources for all students.
It is required by this standard that every technology (Cornell University). According to American
student becomes a digital citizen who demonstratęs Library Association (2018), digital literacy is the
ethical and legal behavior, exemplified by the practice of ability to use information and communication,
safe, legal and responsible use of information. Further, requiring both cognitive and technical skills
the student exhibits positive attitude towards the support (hptts:// [Link]. downloaded 06-03-18).
of technology collaboration, learning and productivity as
a digital citizen.
5. Digital learning is any type of learning that is
accompanied by technology or by instructional
Standard 6: Technology Operations and Concepts practice that makes effective use of technology.
It encompasses the application of a wide
Sound understanding of technology concepts, systems
spectrum of practices which included blended or
and operation is standard that students should comply
virtual learning. It can come as online or off-line
with. They too, are expected to further transfer current
which utilizes digital technology.
knowledge to learning of new technologies.

6. On-line digital tools and apps use an Internet

Lesson 2: Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT
connection to access the information needed. A
common example is Skype. It is a
telecommunication application software product
1. Technology refers to a mix of process and
that specializes in providing video chat and
product used in the application of knowledge. It
voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile
includes tools from pencil and paper to the latest
devices via Internet and to regular telephones.
electronic gadgets and tools for practical tasks.

7. Off-line digital tools and apps can, still be

2. Information and Communication Technology
used even if there is no internet access. Among
Literacy or ICT Literacy is the use of digital
these are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone,
technology, communication tools and/or
ibooks, KA LITE (Gupta, Prinyaka, 2017)
networks to access, manage, integrate, evaluate,
downloaded in edtech review (July 03, 2017).
create and communicate information in order to
function in a knowledge society (Guro 21, 2011).

8. Instructional technology is the theory and

practice of design, development, utilization,
3. Educational Technology refers to the use of
management, and evaluation of the processes
technology in teaching and learning.
and resources for learning (Association for
Educational technology includes both the non-
Educational Communications and Technology,
digital (flip charts, pictures, models, realias, etc.)
Seels, B.B. & Richey, P. C. 1994).
and digital (electronic tools: hardware, software
and connections, etc.).

9. Software refers to program control instructions

and accompanying documentation; stored on
4. Digital Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate,
disks or tapes when not being used in the
utilize, share and create contents using
computer. By extension, the term refers to any
information technologies and the Internet
audiovisual materials (Smaldino, 2005).
 15. Productivity tools refer to any type of software
associated with computers and related
technologies that can be used as tools for
10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use personal, professional or classroom productivity.
of a variety of media formats in a given Examples: Microsoft Office, Apple works word
presentation or self-study program (Smaldino, processing, grade and record keeping, web
2005). page production, presentation) (KFIT-Unesco
2016)

11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a

networking infrastructure. It connects millions of
computers together globally, forming a network 16. Technology Tool is an instrument used for
in which any computer can communicate with doing work. It can be anything that help you
any other computer as long as they are accomplish your goal with the use of technology.
connected to the Internet. It is generally defined These technology tools can be classified as:
as a global network connecting millions of
computers ([Link]
(a) Data/Calculation tools. Examples:
spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads,
probability constructor
12. World Wide Web (www) is also called the Web
which is a graphical environment on computer
networks that allows you to access, view and (b) Design tools. These are used to make
maintain documentations that can include text, models and designs, creating and
data, sound and videos. (Smaldino, 2005). It is a building. Included here are Family Tree
way of accessing information over the medium Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy Machines
of the Internet. It is an Information sharing among others.
model that is built on top of the Internet.
(c) Discussion tools. There are 4 different
approaches that utilize discussion and
13. Web access is the ability of the learner to interaction in the Internet. These are
access the Internet at any point during the threaded discussion forum, Blogging,
lesson in order to take advantage of the array of Live chat and Video Teleconferencing,
available education resources. Netiquette and Safety on the Net.

(d) Email tools. Emails are great

communication tools for sending
14. Webquest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format messages, photographs, videos and
in which most or all information that learners other files. It allows you to reach out to
work with comes from the web. These can be others around the world. Examples are
created using various programs, including google mail, Ymail, Yahoo mail and
simple word processing documents that include many more.
links to websites.
(e) Handheld devices. Handheld devices
have become popular among learners.
 These include Personal Digital gmail, a free-email for all; Google calendar a tool used
Assistants, global positioning system, for organizational purposes; Google sites that provide
(GPS) and geographic information options for developing blogs and wikis; and Google docs
system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable is used for sophisticated word processing and editing of
electronic keyboards, Digital Cameras, the document.
Mobile phones, Palm, Handheld
computers,
23. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a
video instead of the text.
17. Webquest is a teacher structured research
experience for the students that is primarily based on
use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or
24. Facebook is a popular social networking site used
more instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).
by students and adults worldwide to present information
on themselves and to the world.

18. Blog is an online journal where posted information

from both teachers and students are arranged. There
25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of
are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication,
hardware and software that enables people to use the
blogs used for instruction, and blogs used for both
Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by
(Ferriter & Garry, 2010).
sending voice data in packets using IP rather than
traditional circuit transmission.

19. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access,

allows students to collaboratively create and post written
Lesson 3: Roles of Technology for Teaching and
work or digital. Files, such as digital photos or videos.
Learning
Wikipedia is one of the most widely recognized of all the
wikis (Watters, 2011).

According to Stosic (2015), educational technology has

three domains:
20. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional
delivery, where the teacher is required to use the web 1. Technology as a tutor. Together with the teacher,
resources as homework or out of class activity as initial technology can support the teacher to teach
instruction of the lesson which will be discussed during another person or technology when
classtime. programmed by the teacher can be a tutor on its
own. The teacher will simply switch on or switch
off radio programs, television programs or play
21. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a DVDs, or CDs that contain educational
single topic typically in the format of the radio talk show. programs. There are on-line tutorial educational
The two basic functions of podcast are to retrieve programs, too.
information and to disseminate information (Eash, 2006).

2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like a tutor,

22. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which technology is a teaching tool, but can never
is stored in the Google server and is available for replace a teacher. This is like the handyman,
students both at home and in school. It Includes the which is just there to be reached. Like any other
 tool, it is being used to facilitate and lighten the the act of teaching more efficient and effective.
work of the teacher. It will be good if the teacher There are arrays of teaching methods and
can also create or develop technology tools that strategies that can use technology which are
are needed in the classroom. found compatible with learning styles. The
multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner
tells us that there is a genius in every child. This
3. Technology as a learning tool. While the teacher implies that there must be varied ways of
utilizes technology as the tool for teaching, teaching as there are many varied ways of
likewise it is an effective tool for learning. As a learning. All the learning styles can find support
learning tool, it makes learning easy and from technology, so that teaching will be more
effective. It can produce learning outcomes that effective and efficient.
call for technology-assisted teaching. Even the
teachers who are teaching can utilize similar
tools for learning. As a learning tool, it is very 4. Technology opens new fields in educational
interesting that even the elderly use these tools researches. The areas of teaching testing and
for learning for life. evaluation are enhanced by technologies for
teaching and learning. Current educational
researchers will no longer find difficulty in
A. For Teachers and Teaching interpreting tests, assessment and other
evaluation results. There are available programs
1. Technology provides enormous support to
that can analyze and interpret results with speed
the teacher as the facilitator of learning. It
and accuracy. Reference retrieval is also
transforms a passive classroom to an active and
hastened because many of the research
interactive one, with audio-visual aids, charts
materials are in digital form. Technology has
and models, smart classrooms, e-learning
also provided access to big data that can be
classrooms which motivate and increase
processed for problem solving and inquiry.
attention level of learners. Many of these can be
searched on the web.

5. Technology adds to the competence of

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-
teachers and inculcates scientific outlook.
learning environment. The teachers are
Through the utilization of theories of learning
assisted and supplemented with appropriately
and intelligence, which are explained in
structured instructional materials for daily
references uploaded in the net, the teachers are
activities. There are varied available
encouraged to imbibe skills to source these
Antechnology-driven resources which can be
information with speed and accuracy.
utilized for remedial lesson or activities.
Likewise there are also a lot of technology-
6. Technology supports teacher professional
driven resources that can be used for
development. With the demand of continuing
enrichment purposes. You may search for the
professional development for teachers, the
examples on the web.
availability of technology provides alternative
way of attending professional development

3. Technology improves teaching-learning

process and ways of teaching. This will make B. For Learners and Learning
 1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their 2. Technology enhances learners’ communication
own. All teachers fully understand that subject matter or skills through social interactions. This is commonly
content is a means to achieve the learning outcomes. described as the transmittal of information from one
There are three categories of knowledge according to person to another as single individual or groups of
Egbert (2009): declarative knowledge, structural individuals. According to Shirly (2003) in Egbert (2009),
knowledge, and procedural knowledge. there are three basic communication patterns:

a. Declarative knowledge consists of the a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like

discrete pieces of information that Internet chat, phone conversation or even face-
answers the questions what, who, when, to-face conversation.
and where. It is often learned through
memorization of facts, drills and practice.
It can be learned by simple mnenomics b. One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or
or conceptual maps. Declarative television. There is no social interaction.
knowledge is the fundamental
knowledge necessary for students to
achieve more complex higher order c. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz
thinking such as critical thinking and session, heads together. This kind of interaction
creativity, inquiry and production. provides opportunities for social interaction

b. Structural knowledge consists of facts 3. Technology upgrades learners' higher-order-

or picces of declarative knowledge put thinking skills: critical thinking, problem solving and
together to attain some form of meaning. creativity
An example of declarative knowledge is
Twenty-first century learning requires the development
"pencil". The idea that evolved from a
of higher-order-thinking skills.
pencil is an understanding that: "it is
something used to write." This is
referred to as structural knowledge. It Critical thinking is part of the cluster of higher order
can be presented by concept maps, thinking skills. It refers to the ability to interpret, explain,
categorization or classification. analyze, evaluate, infer and self-regulate in order to
make good decisions.
c. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in
Here are some ways that teachers can do to develop
action or the knowledge of how to do
something. It is based on facts but critical thinking.

learned through the process of

procedural knowledge. Examples
a. Ask the right questions.
include how to drive a car, how to use a
cell phone, or how to speak English. Most often teachers ask questions to find out if the
Procedural knowledge is indicated by a students can simply repeat the information from the
performance task or graphical lesson. Although these are necessary questions like
representation of a concept. what, who, when and where, these do not develop
critical thinking. Critical thinking questions should ask for Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963). These have
clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth been simplified into fewer categories. To be creative,
and logic. one can use any of these strategies.

Clarity: Here are some examples: Can you give

examples of…
1. Substitute - Find something else to replace to do
Accuracy: What pieces of evidence support your claim? what it does.
2. Combine - Blend two things that do not usually
Precision: Exactly how much…
go together.
Breadth: What do you think will the other group say 3. Adapt-Look for other ways this can be used.
about the Issue? 4. Modify/Magnify/ Minify – Make a change,
enlarge, decrease.
5. Put to another use Find other uses.
[Link] critical thinking tasks with appropriate level of 6. Eliminate Reduce, remove.
challenge. 7. Reverse Turn upside-down, inside out, front-
side back.

All together, the strategies will be labelled as SCAMPER.

Teachers should be mindful of the readiness of the
students. Students who have higher ability may find the
task too easy, thus getting bored early, while those who
MODULE 2
have low ability may find the task too difficult. Thus,
there is a need to have activities that are appropriate for LESSON 1
the learners. These can be determined by interview,
POLICIES AND ISSUES ON INTERNET AND
observations and other forms to determine the level of
IMPLICATION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING
readiness.
Objectives:

 Discussed some ICT policies and explained

What are some simple ways that teachers should do?
their implications to teaching and learning
 Vary the questions asked.
 Explained some issues that relate to ICT
 Introduce new technologies.
policies.
 Encourage curiosity.
 Identify safety concerns on internet including
Creativity is characterized as involving the ability to
digital safety rules.
think flexibly, fluently, originally, and elaborately
(Guildford, 1986 & Torrance, 1974 in Egbert, 2009).
Flexibly means able to use many points of view while
THE DICT ROADMAP
fluently means able to generate many ideas. Originally
implies being able to generate new ideas and The DICT Roadmap - In our country, the
elaborately means able to add details. Creativity is not Department of Information and Communication
merely a set of technical skills, but it also involves Technology (DICT) has formulated a roadmap to guide
feelings, beliefs, knowledge and motivation. all agencies in the utilization, regulation and
enhancement of ICT. Each project has corresponding
policy statements and guidelines.
 The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program
under the DICT that supports all the efforts of the
SOME ISSUES ON ICT AND INTERNET POLICY AND
education sector in incorporating the use of ICT.
REGULATIONS

Global Issues
Recommended Programs that have applications to
teaching-learning:
 ACCESS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES- are two sets of
1. ICT in Education Masterplan
issues in ICT Policy which are crucial to the modern
2. Content and application development society. The other concern is civil liberties that are
linked to human rights and society.
3. PheDNET
These includes:
4. Established Community eLearning
- Freedom of expression
5. Equality Program
-Right to privacy
6. Digital Media Arts Program
-Right to communicate
7. ICT skills strategic plan
-Intellectual property rights.
ICT Policy
 ACCESS TO THE USE OF INTERNET AND ICT-
It is a set of rules, plans, and guidelines made refers to the ability for everyone to use the internet
by governments, organizations, or schools to guide how and other media.
ICT (like computers, the internet, mobile devices, and
-In richer countries, basic access to internet is
digital tools) should be used, managed, and developed.
almost available to all with faster broadband connections.

THE NEW ICT TECHNOLOGIES

-Other countries, access to internet is still a
challenge.
1. Information Technology
Example: A company uses a database software  INFRINGEMENT TO CIVIL LIBERTIES OR
on its computers to manage all of its customer HUMAN RIGHTS- Concerns specific ICT policies
orders, inventory, and sales data. that affect civil liberties or human rights.

2. Telecommunication Technologies -Limitations on access

Example: A news station broadcasts a live

-Restrictions on communication and information
report on the evening news. The video and
rights
audio signals are sent from a remote location to
a central broadcast station via a satellite, and
ISSUE NO. 1: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND
then distributed to homes through TV
CENSORSHIP
broadcasting signals.
 Freedom of expression is a fundamental human
3. Networking Technologies right that allows individuals to hold and express
Example: A person uses their smartphone to their opinions and share information without
make a video call to a friend who is in another interference. It s a positive liberty protected under
country. The call uses an app that connects human rights frameworks like Article 19 of the
through the internet. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 Censorship is the limiting mechanism imposed by 3. Information Privacy- related to the use of computers
governments, institutions, or authorities to restrict and communications system which are able to hold and
certain expressions that are harmful, offensive or process information about large numbers of people at a
threatening to societal norms, security or political. high speed.

 WHAT’S THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ISSUE NO. 3: SURVEILLANCE AND DATA
TWO? RETENTION

- functions as the opposing forces in  Refers to the monitoring and storage of individuals
communication and democratic life. activities, communications, and personal
informations by governments, organization, or
- balances the liberty and control: freedom of
companies.
expression promotes democratic participation and
individual rights while censorship sets boundaries when  The use of electronic communications has
speech is considered harmful, unlawful, or against enhanced the development of indirect surveillance.
societal interests. -Indirect surveillance- there’s no direct contact
between the agent and the subject of surveillance
but evidence of activities can be traced.
ISSUE NO. 2: PRIVACY AND SECURITY
 The new and powerful form indirect surveillance is
dataveillance.

 Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial  Datasurveillance is the use of personal
sites have a privacy policy. It refers also to the information to monitor a person’s activities while
protection of personal information and systems data retention is the storage and use of
from unauthorized access, misuse or harm, information from communication systems.
ensuring that individuals date remains confidential
 Counter Surveillance can be done to make the
while being safeguarded against threats or attacks.
surveillance difficult. Information security if it
- it becomes an issues because of the refers to computers and electronics communication.
widespread data collection, surveillance and cyber risks
 These are issues because they can help in
that makes people vulnerable to loss of control over their
preventing crime and ensuring security, but they
personal information.
also raise serious concerns about privacy, misuse
- The tension between these two arises in of data, and the potential for abuse of power.
protecting individuals from harm (security) and
ISSUE NO. 4: E-Pollutants from E-Waste
respecting their confidentiality (privacy).
 Refers to the harmful materials and discarded
SEVERAL TYPES OF PRIVACY:
electronic devices that result from the rapid growth
1. Personal Privacy- means the right of the individuals of technology.
not to have their home, private life or personal life be
 Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT
interferred by someone.
(Information and Communication Technology).
2. Privacy of Communication- refers to the protection Sources include:
from interference with communication over the phone or Terminal equipment: PCs, laptops
internet. Respect for privacy of communications is an Broadcasting devices: televisions, radios
essential pre-requisite for the maintenance of human Telephony: fixed and mobile phones
relationship via technological communications media. Peripherals: fax machines, printers, scanners
 Causes of Accumulated E-waste 3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of
-Due to rapid turnover of equipment from fast technology. Caution should be observed to protect
software and technology upgrades. individual privacy.
-Toxic materials in e-waste require special
management, unlike regular waste. As teachers, you must be aware that the use of
technology may jeopardize your privacy and security.
 Global Perspective
-Quantities of e-waste are increasing in both 4. All the issues and many more shall be part of the
developed and developing countries. teaching content as each teacher will be encouraged to
-Significant concern: Industrial countries export use technology in teaching.
e-waste to developing countries, often using less
environmentally responsible procedures. LESSON 2

 Consequences of Unmanaged E-waste SAFETY ISSUES ON THE USE OF ICT INCLUDING E-

If uncontrolled, e-waste can: SAFETY RULES
-Affect climate change
Technology is a phenomenon that seems to be
-Damage human lives (health hazards from
uncontrollable. Despite the so many benefits for
toxic exposure)
teaching and learning, there are also negative effects or
 Suggested Remedies influence on the learners. Hence as future teachers you
-Standardization and regulatory measures to have to be aware of how to safeguard learners in the
extend equipment life cycles. school communities where they spend most of their
-Efficient extraction of toxic components. waking hours and also in their homes or facilities that
-Recycling by consumers and producers must provide opportunities to use digital technologies like
be encouraged. Internet Cafes. Safeguard and protection should be the
primordial role of parents, teachers and schools.
IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

RISKS IN THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES:

How do the policy guidelines, projects and issues relate
to the teaching and learning? 1. Exposure to inappropriate content, including on-line
pornography,. extremism (exposure to violence
For the Teachers and Teaching
associated with racist language);

1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that

2. Lifestyle websites like self-harms and suicide sites,
relate to ICT, and how to teach it. Since ICT
and hate sites;
development comes so rapid and fast, teachers might
be overwhelmed by its rapid speed. Temperance in its 3. Cyber-bullying in all forms, receiving sexually explicit
use is a caution that should be looked at. images or messages;

2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. 4. Privacy issues including disclosure of personal
The tools are support instructional materials for the information;
teachers which are available for use.
5. Health and well being (amount of time spent on-line,
The teacher should learn how to appropriately use them. internet gaming and many more;
The human touch of the teacher is still a vital component
in teaching. 6. Prolonged exposure to on-line technologies,
particularly at an early age;
7. Addiction to gambling and gaming; faults, optimizing network efficiency, and ensuring
data protection.
8. Theft and fraud from activities such as phishing;
ICT POLICIES AND GUIDELINES IN SCHOOL

9. Viruses, Trojans, spyware and other malware; and

1. Safety in the Use of Network in Schools

10. Social pressure to maintain online networks via 1.1. Make clear that no one should log on as
texting and social networking sites. another user.
1.2. Require all users to always log off when
MINOR MISUSE OF ICT they have finished working.
1.3. Maintain equipment to ensure health and
1.) Copying information into assignment and failing to
safety.
acknowledge the source (plagiarism and copyright
1.4. Provide students with access to content and
infringement)
resources through guided e-learning.
2.) Downloading materials not relevant to their studies 1.5. Set up a clear disaster recovery system in

3.)Misconduct associated with subject logins, such as place for critical data that include sources, remote back

using someone else's password up of critical data.

1.6. Secure wireless network to appropriate
4.)Leaving a mobile phone turned on during class period standards suitable for educational use.

5.)Unauthorized taking of pictures or images with mobile 1.7. Install all computer equipment

phone camera, still or moving. professionally and meet health and safety standards.
1.8. Review the school ICT system regularly
E-Safety
with regard to health and safety and security.
E-safety highlights the need to educate children
and young people about the benefits, risks, and 2. Password Policy

responsibilities of using information technology. 2.1. Only authorized users will have individual
Some issues of e-safety:
passwords. Users are not permitted to disclose their
 E-safety helps safeguard children and young
passwords unless they got permission from the owner or
people in the digital world;
from the management. The equipment that keeps the
 E-safety emphasizes learning to understand personal information shall be locked when unattended to
and new technologies in a positive way;
prevent unauthorized access. Computers should be set
 E-safety educates children about the risks as
to a time out if they become unused for a certain period
well as the benefits so we can feel confident
of time.
online and;
 E-safety supports young learners and adults 3. Personal mobile phones and mobile devices

to develop safer online behaviors, both in and 3.1. All mobile phones shall be kept away in a
out of school. box away from the children or learners and

NETWORK MANAGMENT access is only allowed at break time or at the

end of classes or when needed during the class
 The process of administering, monitoring, and period.
maintaining computer networks to ensure their
performance, reliability, and security. [Link]

 It involves tasks such as configuring hardware and 4.1. Taking pictures only from parents or
software, monitoring traffic, detecting and resolving caregivers and not from any other family member or
friend while the child attends class.
 4.2. Any picture taken of children shall be on equipment, which could lead to accidents.
cameras solely for the purpose. Ample space between stations allows for easy
movement and a more comfortable learning
SETTING UP AN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY environment.
ROOM

Schools that plan to dedicate a room where the Plan work at a computer so that there are frequent

students can access technologies for learning should breaks.

include the following basic safety rules: — Taking regular breaks is essential for
preventing physical and mental fatigue. A
Provide tiltable tables. teacher might schedule a five-minute break
—This is important because it allows students of every hour to allow students to stand, stretch,
different heights to adjust their workspace. For and rest their eyes.
example, a shorter student can tilt the table SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS
down to a more comfortable angle to reduce No trailing wires across or around the room which
strain on their neck and back while working on a people can trip on.
computer. — All power cords and network cables should
be neatly secured and out of walkways to
Provide anti-glare screen filters. prevent students or teachers from tripping.
— It is an anti-glare filter reduces reflections Using cable ties or floor covers is a good
from overhead lights or windows. This is crucial example of how to manage this.
for preventing eye strain and headaches,
especially during long periods of computer use. Electrical sockets should not be overloaded.
— Never plug too many devices into a single
Provide adjustable chairs. outlet using multi-plugs. This can cause the
— Adjustable chairs allow students to sit at a circuit to overheat and potentially start a fire. A
proper ergonomic height relative to their table good practice is to have dedicated power strips
and computer monitor. This helps maintain good for each station, ensuring the total load is safe.
posture and prevents discomfort.

Electrical equipment should be safety-tested at least

Provide foot support. once a year.
— A footrest can be used by shorter students to — This ensures all equipment, from computers
ensure their feet are flat and supported, which to projectors, is in good working order and does
helps improve circulation and reduce pressure not pose an electrical hazard. For example, a
on their legs. certified electrician might inspect all the
equipment to check for frayed wires or faulty
Make sure lighting is suitable. components.
— Proper lighting means avoiding both overly
bright and overly dim conditions. — For example, There should be adequate space around desk for
a room with too much direct sunlight can cause people to move.
screen glare, while a very dark room can strain — This rule is similar to the one above but
the eyes. The goal is to have balanced, indirect emphasizes the importance of clear aisles and
lighting. pathways. It prevents students from getting
Make sure work stations are not cramped. stuck or knocking into others as they move to or
— When the desks are too close together, from their seats.
students might bump into each other or their
 Instructional materials have several roles in
Bags and obstacles should be stored out of the way. teaching and learning which include the following: (1)
they promote meaningful communication and effective
— Items like backpacks and jackets should be
learning; (2) they ensure better retention, thus making
placed in designated storage areas (e.g., hooks, learning more permanent; (3) they help to overcome the
shelves) rather than on the floor next to desks limited classroom by making the inaccessible accessible;
(4) they provide a common experience upon which late
where they could become tripping hazards.
learning can be developed; and (5) they encourage
participation especially if students are allowed to
Food and drinks should not be placed near manipulate materials used (Brown et al., 2005; Effiong &
machines. Igiri, 2015).

—Spilling a drink on a keyboard or computer Instructional materials are the supplementary

tower can damage the equipment and create an materials, which help the teacher to make his/her
presentation concrete, effective, interesting, meaningful
electrical short. A simple solution is to have a and inspiring. In any teaching and learning process,
designated area away from the workstations instructional materials play a vital role as they provide
where students can eat or drink. sensory experiences to the learners. The primary aim of
teaching materials is to provide the teachers the layout
of the way for teaching in the classroom.
Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the
It is important to understand how to develop
working environment.
instructional materials. Instructional materials refer to
—Good airflow and a comfortable temperature any preexisting materials that are being incorporated, as
prevent the room from getting stuffy or too hot, well as to those that will be specifically developed for the
objectives (Haigler, 2014). There are also several factors
which can cause both students and equipment
to consider in developing instructional materials:
to overheat. * Fire extinguishers should be
1. Develop a story board and working outline
available. —A fire extinguisher should be clearly
based on the subject goals and objectives.
visible and easily accessible in case of a fire, 2. Identify existing institutional resources including
especially given the amount of electrical materials and teachers’ capability.
equipment in the room. 3. The teacher may research off the shelf materials
that have been developed by others to
determine if their approach could be useful.
Fire exits should be clearly marked and free from 4. Explore the possibility of adapting concepts of
clutter. other teachers without infringing on anyone’s
copy protected design.
—Emergency exits must be kept clear at all
5. Modify existing materials based on the
times so people can safely evacuate the room in objectives of the lesson.
an emergency. For example, you should never 6. If the instructional materials are effective, you
block an exit door with a desk or a pile of boxes. can share them with other teachers.
7. The teacher developer can also sell her/his
MODULE 3 materials available.

Instructional materials are a great help in stimulating

Lesson 1: and facilitating the learning of the learners. According to
Wright (1976:1) as cited in Cakir (2006) many media
Development and Use of Non-Digital or
and many styles of visual presentation are useful to the
Conventional Materials language learner. All audio-visual materials have
positive contributions to language learning as long as
The teachers need instructional materials to
they are used at the right time, in the right place. In the
enhance teaching and learning. Instructional teaching and learning process, learners use their eyes
materials are defined as print and non-print items that as well as their ears; but their eyes are basic in learning.
are rested to impact information to students in the
educational process (Effiong & Igiri, 2015). Examples of 1. Diorama
instructional materials are drawings, kits, textbooks,
It will make the classroom to be creative and innovative.
posters, magazines, flip chart, newspapers, diorama,
It is a fun way to build an exciting scene in a small space.
pictures, recording videos and the like.
Dioramas are small scenes created of layers of
materials, all depicting a similar concept or theme. They 3. Use different colored pens to provide contrast;
usually display a historical time period, a nature scene, this makes the pages visually attractive and
or a fictional situation. In developing diorama, you will: (1) easier to read.
choose a concept or theme, (2) research the subject, (3) 4. Use headings, boxes, cartoons and borders to
make a rough sketch of your ideal diorama, (4) make a improve the appearance of the page.
list of the items you’ll need and gather your supplies, 5. Use bullets (•) to delineate items on the page.
and (5) select a container or box. 6. Leave plenty of “white space” and avoid putting
too much information on one page. (Crowded
2. Nature Table
and poorly arranged information is distracting
This is a table that contains objects and/or scenes and difficult to read).
related to the current season, or upcoming festival or a 7. When pages are prepared in advance, use
symbol of an ecosystem. Children love to follow the every other page. If every page is used, colors
natural changes that the world offers each month and will show through and make text difficult to read.
classroom decorations reflect these. 8. Have masking tape available to put pages up
around the room during brainstorming and
problem – solving activities.
9. To hide a portion of the page, fold up the lower
REPORTER: Cayla Luta
portion of the page and tape it. When ready to
3. Writing Board reveal the information, remove the tape and let
the page drop.
A writing board can display information written with chalk
10. Face the student, not the flipchart while talking.
(chalkboard or blackboard) or special pens (whiteboard).
Although there are usually more effective methods of
transmitting information, the writing board is still the
5. Zigzag board
most commonly used visual aid.
It is a multi-board series of three or four rectangular
Suggestions on Using the Writing Board:
boards. They are joined together along the sides by
1. Keep the board clean. hinges so that they can be easily folded up and carried.
2. Use chalk or pens that contrast with the Each board can be of a different type, for example, a
background of the board so that students can whiteboard a chalkboard, a flannel board and so on. The
see the information clearly. size of the boards for the zigzag multi-board depends on
3. Make text and drawings large enough to be what you want to use them for.
seen from the back of the room.
4. Prepare complex drawings in advance (if very
complex, an overhead transparency or 35 mm 6. Wall display
slide may be preferable).
5. Underline headings and important or unfamiliar Displaying items on a classroom wall is a well-known,
words for emphasis. tried and tested educational method. A wall display is a
6. Do not talk while facing the board. collection of many different types of items and materials
7. Do not block the students’ views of the board; put up on a wall to make an interesting and informative
stand aside when writing or drawing is display. In a classroom, the display can consist of the
completed. students’ own work. In development work it can be used
8. Allow sufficient time for students to copy the to convey information to the community
information from the board.

7. Rope and Pole display board

4. Flip chart
This board consists of two parallel, horizontal poles tied
It is a large tablet or pad of paper, usually on a tripod or loosely together with rope. Visual aids such as posters
stand. can be pinned to the rope. This kind of display board is
invaluable where there are few solid walls for displaying
Suggestions on Using Flipchart: information. It has no solid backing and can be made
quickly for teaching, training and when working with
1. Use wide-tipped pens or markers; markers with
communities.
narrow tips produce printing that is difficult to
read. Guidelines when designing conventional instructional
2. Print in block letters that are large enough to be materials:
read easily from the back of the room.
 1. Unity – Use only one idea for each visual aid effective collaboration. All these are easily done using
and include a headline. the gadget you have in your pockets or backpacks.
2. Simplicity. Make ideas and relationships simple
and easy to recall. Avoid cluttering a visual with
too many words, numbers, or graphics. The REPORTER: Babel Caugmoc
audience should be able to grasp the concept in
10 to 15 seconds. Let me walk you through the selection and use of a
3. Legibility – Make letters big and readable for all digital tool and how you can integrate it in your lesson.
in the audience.
4. Consistency – Use the same type style and art
style. [Link] Mobile Phone and the QR Code
5. Clarity – Avoid type that is too small to read;
Since ICT integration allows ease of processing of
avoid all caps.
information, here’s an example of how we can read
Lesson 2: information at a quicker speed and in an interesting
manner.
Select and Use ICT Tools for Teaching and Learning
Have you seen a symbol like this one below? This is
The current systems employ technologies by
now popularly used in different products, reading
integrating ICT tools and applications in education and
materials, and even in museums. This is a QR code.
in instruction. ICT stands for Information and
Communications Technology. This refers to various tools What is a QR Code
and devices or gadgets used in communicating,
Are you familiar with a QR Code?
disseminating, creating, storing and managing
information. It is important that learners understand how Familiarize yourself with a QR Code. It is a code that
to use these tools in helping them learn. was created by a Japanes world with the electronic
world, OR stands for ‘Quick Response. It allows the
A great part of learning Is working on
corporation Denso-Wave in 1994. Effectively and
information and using it to create something that can be
efficiently connecting the physical readers to decode the
useful and edifying for humanity. Since the intention of
information at a high rate of speed. This is popular in
education is to make learners become useful and
Japan and it is also used by companies as they attach
productive citizens, the use of ICT tools can provide a lot
their OR code in the products. It usually gives a URL
of possibilities on how learners can do something with
linking you to a website or immediately provider the
what they know. Teachers can therefore employ ICT
salient information about the product.
tools in their ways of engaging learners by
communicating, disseminating, and managing
information. This direction of integrating ICT tools will
reveal the usefulness of employing ICT Tools in a wider You can easily read QR codes through a OR code
range of the teaching and learning process. scanner. Here’s all you need to do:

“Technology will never replace great teachers, but 1. Have a mobile phone with a camera;
technology in the hands of great teachers is 2. Using the mobile phone, download from
transformational.” Playstore or App Store the QR Code
Reader/Scanner application. Choose an
It is not necessarily the presence of advanced appropriate QR code reader for your operating
technology or the use of ICT tools that can ensure the system whether IOS or Android. Once installed
success in engaging learners, but it still remains that the in your gadget, you can use it to read the codes.
effective use of ICT tools depends on how the teacher 3. Focus your camera on the QR code. Click it and
will use them. There is a variety of ICT tools from which the message will be revealed to you.
to choose. When employed appropriately, the potentials
of their uses can have bearing on the lesson and the
learners’ engagement in the process of learning. In
HOW TO MAKE A QR CODE
instruction the ICT tools can be used in the presentation
of the lesson, demonstrating a point or presenting a Step 1: Be online.
concept. There are tools that can be used in providing
Step 2: Search for a QR Code
practice or provide the chance to apply the ICT
integration in education allows ease of processing of Generator and ensure that you read the information
information, effective accessibility to resources, easy about the application. This is important to ensure your
sharing of resources, expression of creativity and safety in the internet. There are tons of QR code
generators out there, but a few of the most popular
include Kaywa, [Link], Visualead, and QR Stuff. Gather Students Feedback
There are many FREE applications online and therefore
You can create surveys, polls, and them with students
you can take this chance to use them.
as OR Codes which forms using google form and share
Step 3: Once you have identified your free online QR can be easily scanned and accessed.
Code Generator, you can now encode the text or the
Research Project
information that you want.
Make students create QR Codes linking other resources
Step 4: Run it and save it as a jpeg file. Now, you have
and web content to their research work.
successfully created your own code which you can
download. Provide Easy Access to Online Content
Step 5: Test the QR code using your QR Code reader or Create QR Codes with URLs for students to gain easy
scanner access to online resources. Sometimes when a long
URL is given, learners may copy a broken URL version
hence, resources become inaccessible.
Ten Interesting Ways to Integrate QR Codes in Your
[Link] present interesting facts
Teaching
When information or facts are presented all in words, the
Create Interactive and Engaging Content
use of infographics can bring life. If done well, the
You can enrich the content you teach in a class by using infographics can transform the information into visual
QR Codes that link to other readings and resources. You image that can attract and engage readers. If there is a
can link to a pdf, a video production, a website, a written text, the information may not stand out compared
document, or an audio file among others. Create an to when it is presented in this format. Information written
interactive classroom activity such as the Scavenger’s in snippets becomes understandable and more
Hunt by using QR Codes that provide directions or appealing to the eye.
instructions resulting in better learner engagement.

Share Resources
[Link] Laptop and the Infographics
Learners can use QR Codes to share educational
There is an apparent deluge of information around and
resources with each other (e.g. lecture notes, web
access to these is made easier through the internet. You
content, how-to-do videos.
are faced with one major question on how to best
Enhance Classroom Library interpret it all and put it into one cohesive information
that is quick and clear to read.
Create QR Codes of students’ brief write-ups about why
they enjoy their book and put them right in or on the Challenging In the teaching and learning context, you
books in the class library. Students can use these QR may be faced with a topic given a short amount of time.
Codes to find out more about the books. How can you capture and deliver that information simply
and effectively while making it engaging and informative
Use in Classroom Activities
as well? Infographics are an immediate answer to this
The QR Code can be used in giving the classroom situation. The infographic is another interesting tool to
instead of providing them instructions in class and pin use in instruction
them up inside with thick copies of printed materials
An Infographic is a visual representation or an image
giving instruction on how to do an activity.
such as a diagram, chart or picture representing
Provide Help With Homework information or data. It is eye-catching and makes use of
a clear layout, attractive colors and hues, and
A detailed instruction can be made into a QR Code caricatures that provide a cohesive presentation of the
which students scan at home and use the information to information.
help them comply with their assignments.
If it is used to market products in the increasing visual
Communicate with Parents or Partners world, then infographics can also be employed in
marketing information and ideas in the teaching and
You can share information to parents on school events
learning process.
or activities in school. You can also put it in a webpage
for parents to get information or include it in newsletters, One tool that can be used in creating infographics is
permission slips, etc. You can have them printed as Canva ([Link] Com). It has several
magnets and parents can get the information. However, infographics template for education. You can try out the
be sure to orient the parents on how to use QR Codes. free design elements and produce one just like a
professional infographic designer. You can start Portfolios may come in many forms. It can look like
exploring this site and familiarize yourself with its an album or scrapbook or even a filer where the
features. As a gentle reminder, please take time to read documents and evidences are kept. However, nowadays,
the instructions and navigate around the features to get it is possible to have online portfolios by creating sites.
optimal use of it. This is also called the ePortfolio or digital portfolio. This
can be used as a digital archive that can contain the
There are many ways for which infographics can be
same materials as a physical portfolio but can have
used.
more such as multimedia productions, relevant online
Using infographics: links or references, digital stories or video blogs,
powerpoint presentations, photographs and other ICT
[Link] present survey data materials. The ePortfolio can be private or can be
published and shared publicly to stakeholders like
Infographics can be highly useful. Data are much easier
parents and friends.
to decode. The Presenting statistical data such as from
surveys can be overwhelming can be made easier and
quicker to understand if they are presented in an
infographics. An example is given below. 1. Student ePortfolios can evaluate students
academic progress. The can inform the teacher
2. To simplify a complex concept to adapt and use instructional strategia when
pieces of evidence indicate that they are either
Simplifying a complex idea is the core purpose of using
learning or the beginning and should be an
an infographics This is a very effective educational tool
ongoing process. They should not be In other
as a way of summarizing key points or providing an
words the construction of the ePortfolios should
overview of a lesson.
start from reviewed only at the end of the term
[Link] explain how something functions but navigated around and provided feedback to
let the students know how they are doing.
Using infographics, you can show the intricacy of how
2. Monitoring students’ progress can be highlighted
something complex works. It can reveal the mechanics
in a portfolian may not only contain finished
behind how an object works. Designers can create
products but also several versions on how the
infographics by showing the mechanics behind intricate
students improved their work based on the
objects, processes, concepts.
feedback provided by mentors. Moreover,
[Link] compare portfolios can actually determine whether the
students have transferred what they have
Presenting information by highlighting similarities and learned in new projects other domains.
differences through a visual parallel in an infographic 3. Portfolios document students’ learning growth.
can turn out more effective than sometimes expressing it They actually encourage the students’ sense of
in words. It is easier to draw comparisons with the same accountability for their own learning process. Th
information neatly organized. may lead them to see that the learning process
is theirs and nat anybody else’s. This can make
learners reflect from where they have begun to
REPORTER: Rhealyn Formento how far they have developed. When they make
decisions on what or what not to include, they
get engaged in the process of creating their own
Lesson 3: Creating ePortfolio as a Technology Tool voice in their portfolio.

In 21” century instruction where independent

learning is encouraged, the documentation of a personal
Creating an Online Portfolio Using a Site
learning journey is a must. Such documentation can
help the teacher monitor the process and assess the There are many sites that can be used in creating an
product of learning. Doing this requires proper ePortfolio. One of which is the google site. If you have a
organization through a portfolio. google account, you can start using the available
applications. You can also try weebly, or wix, among
Portfolios are one good means of keeping things in
others.
order. In a semester work, a learning portfolio is a
collection of student work that exhibits students’ effort, Steps in constructing an ePortfolio
progress, achievements and competencies gained
1. Enter your gmail account and look for Sites. If it
during the course.
is the first time that you have done this, you
need to read the directions.
 2. You scroll down and read further until you see Feelings
the icon for Sites.
What were you thinking and feeling?
3. When you click it, it will lead you to another
section. This will let you create a site that you Evaluation
can use as an ePortfolio.
4. Consider a good label or a title for your What was good and bad about the experience?
ePortfolio and prepare the texts, links,
Analysis
multimedia outputs, images or jpeg files that you
want to upload in the pages of the ePortfolio. What sense can you make of the situation?

Just like a book, the ePortfolio has pages or sections. Gibb’s reflective cycle has six stages.
The organization can follow a chronological order based
Description. This initial phase in writing a reflection is
on the activities that you go through or you can have a
very simple since you just need to describe the activity
thematic arrangement. Whatever you choose, it will be a
or the experience to the reader. You can write a little
display of your organizational skills. The first section is
about the background on what you are reflecting about
the Home or your cover page. This is the first thing that
by including relevant and to-the-point details.
your readers will see. So you need to introduce yourself
and the objectives of your ePortfolio. Usually, there are Feelings. Learners are involved in learning and an
templates available and each provides sections. You can activity or perhaps a lesson can trigger certain feelings.
add personal touches such as images or a change of So at this point, you can consider and think about how
color themes. you feel at that time when you were doing the activity or
having the experience. You need to discuss your
The pages that you can add depend on how you would
emotions honestly about the experience but not to forget
like to organize your ePortfolio. What is important is that
that this is part of an academic discourse.
you need to construct your ePortfolio at the start of the
class. In that way, you can have a fresh start as you try Evaluation. When evaluating, discuss how well you
to be conscious in documenting the activities and think the activity went. Recall how you reacted to the
learning that goes with each session. task or situation and how others reacted. Was the
experience a pleasant one or otherwise? This is also a
When adding pages, click the icon and decide whether it
possible part where you can perhaps incorporate related
will be parallel to your Home Page or it will be under it.
readings of other author’s principles or theories.
Just remember that when you have a template, there
are particular ways that the pages have been arranged. Analysis. This part of the write up includes your
So, if you are starting, it would not be detrimental if you analysis of what worked well and what have facilitated it
conform to the template. or what may have hindered it. You can also discuss
related literature that may have brought about your
Portfolio whether it is online or not, is the writing A major
experience.
element in a of the reflection. It is thinking-aloud, a way
of documenting what they are thinking. How students Conclusion. Now, you can write what you have learned
are processing the input and the application of what they from the experience or what you could have done. If
have learned into an activity or a project needs to be your experience is a good one, you can probably
captured. With the pencil. And-paper test, the chance to discuss how it can be ensured or how you will further
get a piece of their insights or realizations may be nil enhance a positive outcome. On the other hand, if the
unless the teacher requires them to do so. However, experience is frustrating eliciting other negative feelings,
with the portfolio, they can show the process of their perhaps you can discuss how those can be avoided in
work. This can be easily monitored. happening as this leads to the next step Action Plan.
Sometimes it is difficult to write a reflection and a Action Plan. At the end of your reflection, you write what
structure can be helpful. There are many models that action you need to take so that you will improve the next
can be used as a guide in writing reflections. One is the time such as consult an expert for some advice or read
Gibb’s reflective cycle model (1988). a book that will provide answers to your queries. You
make plans on how you can address what went wrong
Action plan
so that you can take the right step to succeed in
If it arose again, what would you do? achieving the task. If you did well and feel good about it,
then you can plan out how you can further enhance a
Description What happened?
good work.
Conclusion
Administrating the ePortfolio
What else could you have done?
Before publishing your ePortfolio for the world to see 2. Wiki is a software that allows you to create a
your work, you can control who can see your work. The page or a selection of pages designed to allow
icon for sharing the site can be managed by entering the you to post or write, edit, or upload a link quickly.
email address of the person with whom you want to This 15 good when students need to work
share it. together to complete a task even if they are not
physically together. A task such as writing a
Assessing an ePortfolio using a Rubric
paper together, planning a presentation or
Evaluating an e-Portfolio using a rubric, is a consistent surveying ideas from team members can be
application of learning expectations, learning outcomes managed by wikispace that efficiently allows one
or standards. It should tell the students the link between to document the contribution of each member in
learning or what will be taught and the assessment or the team. Work can be extended virtually and
what will be evaluated. Rubrics are simple and easy to asynchronously.
understand. The items in the rubric should be mutually 3. Blogging In blogging, it is journaling your ideas
exclusive. Students can see connections between to which others react allowing a thread of
learning (what will be taught) and assessment (what will discussion to take place and which can be used
be evaluated) by making the feedback they receive from online. It is the abbreviation of weblog. It would
teachers clearer, more detailed, and more useful in help if you provide direction when using a
terms of identifying and communicating what students weblog.
have learned or what they may still need to learn a. Use weblog with a clear instructional
objective. It is an opportunin to explore
the skill of communicating ideas. Like in
a writing class you can guide students
on how to design the whole blog or
Lesson 4: upload materials and support students
in developing critical communication.
Technology Collaborative Tools in the Digital World
b. Guidance on what and how to post will
be needed. Teach the students that the
blogging is for educational purposes
Technology as a Collaborative Tool and is different from a personal blog.
Proper or formal language variety
One way to engage students is to give them a challenge
should be used. A writing prompt would
and a chance to work issue to discuss which together.
help to guide your students’ posts.
An example is when you give them an they can continue
c. With easy access to information, a
talking about even if they are outside of the class.
major obligation is to teach the students
Students may continue the discussion and share
to use multiple source and to cite them
information or come up with an agreement by texting,
appropriately.
emailing, chatting, or using the online document. Once
d. Writing about your ideas is a personal
they have agreed they can move to the next step of
act but it is important that you are taught
presenting their agreements or resolutions to the whole
to make blogs personal without
class.
revealing too much of personal
Normally in a regular classroom, teachers may have information such as contact information
discouraged students from conversing with classmates and too personal pictures. When writing
during individual work, but sometimes there are positive blogs, you write your reflections but
things that can come out of it as students talk about the safeguarding yourself is also an
task assigned to them or as they work themselves of a important consideration.
complicated task. e. It may help if you can look for very good
examples of blogs. There are online and
There are a lot of available tools and applications that
print publications that review blogs and
can be used to work collaboratively with others. Some of
you can use the information to guide
these are skype, wikis, blog, google form, web
you toward getting good models.
conferencing, Realtimeboard, among others. You need
4. Google Group or Google Form is an application
to explore each application to be familiar with the
that can be used in a collaborative
features.
documentation of ideas contributed by members
1. Skype is a software application allowing you to of the team. Having a google account will come
do a videoconferencing for free. All you need is very handy and you can easily have access to a
to create an account and can be used for a variety of applications.
video meeting.
Lesson 5: Digital Literacy Skills in the 21st Century
What are digital literacies? The four C’s of the 21st Century Skills refer to critical
thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. To
Digital literacies are the individual’s capabilities to be
perform well in this century, you need to develop and
able to effectively and responsibly function and perform
enhance these skills namely creativity, critical thinking,
in a digital society. The term ‘digital literacy’ was coined
communication and collaboration. All of these 21st
by Paul Gilster in 1997 and it came from the discussion
century skills are essentials for students to do well in
of the concepts on (a) visual literacy when images and
school and succeed in the workplace.
non-verbal symbols try to capture the knowledge; (b)
technological literacy requiring one to be able to use 1. Critical thinking is learning how to solve
technology in addressing a need; (c) computer literacy, problems. It teaches students not to accept
which in the 1980s started to become a household item immediately claims without seeking the truth. It
manipulated to achieve one’s target; and (d) information is the ability to differentiate facts from opinions
literacy which refers to the finding, evaluating, using and and not only just learn a set of facts or figures
sharing of information. but also discover these for the sake of knowing
what ought to be.
In the teaching and learning context, digital literacy is an
2. Creativity requires students to think out of the
important competence. In school, it has become a
box and to take pride in what is uniquely theirs.
buzzword which refers to the ability to access, process,
It means that they will be able to look at a
understand, utilize, create media content using
problem from multiple perspectives-including
information technologies and the internet (Hsieh, 2012).
can propose multiple possibilities and
Study the varied digital literacies discussed below.
alternatives to address a problem and they need
to take calculated risks. Creativity encourages
students to think beyond the expectations of
The Digital Literacies conventions. However, creativity may not ensure
success all the time but it may lead to another
Media Literacy
direction that can actually be a better way of
Is one’s ability to critically read information or content figuring out how to solve the problem those that
and utilize multimedia in creatively producing others may not see.
communications. 3. Communication makes students express their
ideas in the clearest and organized manner.
Information Literacy is locating information from the web
Through varied modes face-to-face,
and interpreting while evaluating its validity in order that
technologically mediated or a blended medium,
it can be shared.
they need to know how to efficiently and clearly
ICT Literacy – is knowing how to select and use digital convey ideas.
devices, applications or services to accomplish tasks 4. Collaboration happens when students know how
requiring the use of the internet. to work well with others to

Are one’s capabilities in being able to Communications

and Collaboration participate in the digital networks in
In addition to the 4C’s, there are Citizenship and
the teaching and learning context.
Character. Citizenship is known as netizenship in the
Identity Management virtual world. This is making the person consider how
one behaves accordingly by observing the norms and
Is being able to understand how to ensure safety and rules that are in accordance with what are sociably and
security in managing online identity and foster a positive virtually acceptable. As a result, one is projecting a
digital reputation. reputable digital identity which is his or her character.
Learning Skills enriched environment; this is knowing Digital Literacy Skills vs. Digital Literacy
how to utilize technology in addressing the – are ways of
knowing how to study and learn in a technology. Need to Digital Literacy Skills are required in the wired world.
learn efficiently. These skills vary from texts to images to multimedia.
Future teachers who will be handling students
Digital Scholarship – is being able to link and participate considered as tech savvy should equip themselves with
in professional and research practices. competencies and fluencies needed to handle the fast
emerging tools and applications that should be able to
These core skills are known as the Cs of One important
handle even artificial intelligences. Lynch (2017),
component of digital literacy is having an in-depth
identified eight digital literacy skills needed to become
understanding the 21st Century Skills.
digitally literate. These are:
The Four Cs of the 21st Century Skills
 1. Coding—Coding is a universal language. Basic 3. Tweeting, Posting to Facebook, Uploading a
understanding of HTML, CSS and the like will Video to YouTube, or posting a photo to
create a shared understanding of what can be Instagram
done with the web pages. 4. Researching from the worldwide web.
2. Collaboration. – The use of Google Docs among
others allows student to begin experimenting
with effective online collaboration. Digital Literacy
3. Cloud software. – This is essential part of
document management. The cloud is used to 1. Evaluate the appropriate digital channel for
store everything from photos to research online communication with peers, teachers and
projects, to term papers and even music. parents.
4. Word Processing Software. – Google, Microsoft 2. Identify the benefits and drawbacks of each
Online Drop Box are available for storage and digital tool.
management solutions. 3. Evaluate critically which tool is most effective for
5. Screencasting. A screencast is a video the project at hand.
recording using the computer screen, and 4. Navigate the social media safely to pro-test
usually includes an audio. On the other hand, oneself.
when you take a picture on the screen of your 5. Identify hate propaganda and fake news.
computer, it is called a Printscreen. Both can be 6. Evaluate the information online.
used in explaining topics as well as providing a a. Is the site legitimate?
visual support to clarify what you are thinking. b. Is the author an expert?
While the printscreen is a picture, the c. Is the information current or dated?
Screencasting is a video screen capture which d. Is the idea neutral or biased?
is a great way to share ideas and is easy to use
ONLINE DISTANCE EDUCATION AND COMMUNTIES
for novice video creator.
OF LEARNERS
6. Personal Archiving. Students should be taught
the concepts of meta-data, tagging, keywords
and categories to make them aware how are
Flexible Leaming Environment
they represented online.
7. Information evaluation. – Critical thinking to Leaming nowadays Is viewed differently. The present
weed out fake news is a crucial 21st century skill. generation of lenmers has access to Information at their
The use of tools and skills needed to process fingertips. The teacher is no longer seen as basically the
information are very much needed. dispenser of knowledge but rather as one who expertly
directs the leamers in take their own track in searching
for answers to questions raised inside the classroom.
8. Use of social media. – Social media serves Then they bring this back
different purposes depending on the user, the
To the class for further discussion until perhaps
technology and the need. For example, students
resolutions are agreed. They can search the web and
should realize that Twitter can be useful for
discover a breadth of information related to the lesson
staying current on the latest news in the field.
They even have the patience to stay in front of the
computer for an unusually longer time in search far more
articles and multimedia materials that simplity
Digital literacy has been defined in many ways that is
challenging topic. That is why they can sometimes lear
understandable by both digital natives and digital
more than what is confined in the four corners of the
immigrants. Teachers and students should not only be
classroom.
proficient in how to use (digital skills) but they need to
see the information and media technology to find,
evaluate, create and communicate information requiring
Online Distance Learning
both cognitive and technical skills.
Online distance learning is not a new concept. Some
Here are examples of how Digital Skills or Proficiency
schools, higher education Institutions in the country, and
support Digital Literacy.
educational agencies such as the Southeast Asian
Digital skills Ministers of Education Innovations in Educallonal
Technology (SEAMO-INNOTECH) provide this mode of
1. Sending an email or text
learning it allows flexibility in leaming to a certain extent.
2. Using Microsoft office/ Google
Online leaming means that your educational tool is also helps students with packed schedules, social
based on (and accessible from) the Internet. You may anxiety, and / or health complications. But it is a great
also hear this as “cloud-based” education solutions. way for students to leam in circumstances where they
Regardless of its name, online learning programs are otherwise can’t.
anytime / anywhere tools, which aiso means learning
Schools Offering Online Learning/Courses in the
from home. Students learn in the comfort of their own
Philippines
homes or satellite areas set up by their schools

Online leaming tools are a staple of a blended leaming

environment. They are most often used in the classroom 1. AMA University Online Education (AMA OEd).
during class time. As part of a blended learning
environment, students use online learning for a portion AMA University Online Education is the first full online
of class time before transitioning to class discussion, education in the Philippines. The online
skills practice, lecture, or projects. There are many
University provides its students educational materials
reasons that teacher use online leaming in the
that they can access anytime and anywhere.
classroom. Instructors may use webinars, videos, audio
recordings, emall, snall mali, or textbooks to teach their 2. University of the Philippines Open University
students.
Living up to Its prestigious school counterparts, UPOU is
Positive Impact of Online Distance Learning for a National Center of Excellence in Open and Distance
Teachers and Students Education. Students go through Independent study of
specially designed leaming materials (i.e. print, video
Online Learning Tools Saves Teachors Time
and multimedia) Moreover, interaction takes place
The #1 complaint we hear from CTE teachers is through a virtual classroom, text, and teleconferencing.
teaching takes too much time outside the classroom. Final exams are then conducted online or face-to-face at
designated leaming centers

3. Polytechnic Univeraity of the Philippines Open

MODULES IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND University
LEARNING 1
The PUP Open University System (PUP OUS), also
Teaching requirements. known as the “Pamantasang Bayan.” Allows you
Online Tools Engage Students To choose from studying independently with the
guidance of a tutor who grades and comments on your
There is a disturbing trend in education today. Students
work, ar communicating with your classmates and
do not necessarily fail because they do not understand
teachers through an online classroom. The institution
the material they are learning. They fail because they
particularly caters to professionals who wish to complete
are bored. Online learning eliminates boredom as a
their degrees or graduate programs without having to
factor of failure. The idea is that students lose interest in
take a leave from their respective jobs. PUP OUS
class-long lectures and projects Online learning gives
integrates professional insights in their curriculum, in
the teacher more ways to Jump among different
collaboration with the Professional Regulations
teaching styles. So, the first partion of class could
Commission (PRC), the Commission an Higher
feature bell work. Then, students can move into online
Education (CHED), and other govemment agencies.
learning modules, followed by a lecture from the
instructor. This is also known as a blended learning 4. New Era University (NEU)
environment. By diversifying the way, you teach, you
maximize the advantages of each teaching style while Through the NEU Open and Online University. New Era
minimizing their disadvantages. The results are more University caters to Individuals who want to leam on
engaged students who retain information better in the their own and believe that non-traditional leaming is
long run. convenient and practical. There are two modes af
instruction used by NEU-OU One is the asynchronous
Online Distance Learning Is Worldwide mode of dellvery in this mode, students can access their
leaming materials anytime. These will be sent as email
Students in any part of the world only need internet
attachments. While the other made is the synchronous
access to team, complete assignments, and earn
mode of delivary. In this mode, leamers can attend
credentials in their field. There would be a time zone
classes in a virtual classroom. The video conference will
difference and the student would have to meet that
be canducted through NEU-OU’s Intemet Broadcast
challenge, but they could still complete a course from
Station.
the other side of the world. This is perfect for students
separated from the school they want to attend, and it 5. Benguet State University – Opon University
The Benguet State University – Open Universty was Modern interface that can be customized through
established in 1997 with the intention of providing themes and settings to tallor your site to your
accessible education for Filpinos, Students are given organization’s and leamers’ needs.
course modules and can meet their professors and
Extensible
classmates ance a month. Consultations with professors
are done through the internet. Telephone, or cellphone. Thousands of free community-created plugins to add
This makes studying through BSU-OU accessible and new functionality to support students, teachers, and
affordable. administrators.

Accessibility
The Different Platforms Build your multimedia content with full support for all
students, following common accessibility standards.
The flexible mode of learning uses a platform such as
Benefit from integrated accessibility checking tools when
Moodle. Google classroom, Edmodo, Schoology, etc.
adding and editing your text.
These are free programs designed for educational
purposes. It has features that are patented after the Mobile-ready
instructional activities of a teacher in a physical
classroom. Strong support on mobile devices (phones, tablets, and
laptops) with full functionality
Moodle
Analytics and tracking
Moodle was created by Martin Dougiamas, founder, and
CEO of Moodle. MOODLE stands for Modular Object- Monitor your leamers with enhanced completion tracking
Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment which is an and personalized leaming plans, bullt from competency
open source software. It is a Learning Management frameworks and learning objectives. Benefit from
System (LMS) that supports teaching and learning. Moodle’s powerful analytics to predict and support
Moodle enables you to create a private learning space learners at risk of failing.
online full of engaging activities and material. You will
We can easily understand of what the impact of
always have full control of all your data and the way your
technology in our current education system is globally, It
staff, students and clients are on-boarded into the
can change the various activities in the classroom that is
system.
efficient in discussing, minimal time consume, more
Dr. Martin Dougiamas is best known as the founder of active participatory involvement, and a more enjoyable
the open-source Moodie LMS (used by over 60% of all way to learn.
higher education in the world). He is now the CEO of the
Some of these platforms that can help is Moodle that
Moodle project, which produces Moodle Apps. Moodle
features many aspects for a more diverse learning than
Cloud, Moodle Educator Certifications, Moodle
our traditional customs of learning. That being maximize
Workplace and more..
our time efficiently and providing a convenient way to
Martin has a mixed academic background with multiple study, whenever and wherever we are.
post-graduate degrees in Computer Science and
Google Classroom
Education and two honorary doctorates (from Spain and
Belgium). He continues to focus on researching how Google Classroom is a free service for teachers and
technology can support teaching and learning in open students. It is an LMS platform that is accessible google
and human ways, especially when it supports the UN’s account. You can create classes and perform your roles
sustainable development goals and functions as a facilitator of learning. It is a free web
service, developed by Google for schools, that aims to
Features of Moodle
simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments
Open source in a paperless way. The primary purpose of Google
Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files
True, full-featured, open source ensures you can own between teachers and student.
your site and your content on your own terms.

Full integration
Things you can do with Google Classroom
Strong admin features to make it integrate perfectly into
any situation and with platforms and services like
Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365, Next Cloud, and
Add announcements and lesson material
others.

Customizable
Give your students announcements about your lesson.
Add lesson materials in the announcements. That way,
Schoology
students can find everything quickly. You can add
materials from Google drive, connected to that Google It is a social networking service and virtual learning
Classroom lesson, add files and images from your environment for K-12 school academic content. Also
computer, add a YouTube video and add any other link known as a learning management system (LMS) or
you want your students to visit. course management system (CMS), the cloud-based
platform provides tools needed to manage an online
Add Assignments
classroom
Just like adding an announcement, you can add an
What makes Schoology great?
assignment to you course. It works the same way, but
here you get the option to add a due date. It will notify ●Focused on K-12 schools just like yours
your students when they must make an assignment and
it will also appear in their Calendar. ● Designed for district success∙∙∙∙

Grade an Assignment ● Bring your community together

Afterwards, you can check and grade the assignments ● 200+educational tools and platform integrations
your students have handed in..

Manage Students
Focused on K-12 schools just like yours
Of course, your students must be able to share
Elementary students do not learn the same way as
comments or not. That is completely up to you.
college students or adults. Schoology was designed for
Edmodo all students-from Kindergarten through 12th grade-to be
fully engaged with their learning.
In 2008, Edmodo was created by Nic Borg, Jeff O’Hara,
and Crystal Hutter. Martina (2015) compared Edmodo Designed for district success
and google classroom in her blog. Although she
Schoology has spent the last 10 years learning from our
discussed several commonalities, there are apparently
1,600+ customers and more than 20 million users about
differences but with technology, things evolve in short
what products and services classrooms, schools and
time. What is clear is that they were created as apps
entire districts need to be successful.
that can integrate well with classroom activities.
Bring your community together
What is Edmodo used for?
Learning is not just about teachers and students.
Edmodo is an educational website that takes the ideas
Schoology allows you to bring everyone together-
of social network and refines them and makes it
students, teachers, coaches, parents, administrators-
appropriate for a classroom. Using Edmodo, students
with one communication and collaboration platform.
and teachers can reach out to one another and connect
by sharing ideas, problems, and helpful tips.

200+educational tools and platform integrations

What is this guide for? Schoology has very tool your classroom needs and
comes pre-integrated with more than 200+tools, student
This is to be used as a resource. It is not a guide on how
information systems (SIS) and education platforms.
you should use Edmodo, but simply a how-to. Edmodo
is an incredibility flexible and powerful educational tool
that can be adapted and used in just about
MOOC (Massive Open Online Course)

A massive open online course (MOOC) is a model for

Google Classroom vs. Edmodo:Key Features and delivering learning content online to any person who
Services Comparison wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.

Both Google Classroom and Edmodo are designed to 1. MOOC-Based Alternative Credentials; what is
help teachers supplement their classroom lessons. With the value for the learner?
both platforms, teachers can organize their course
With learners today earning more substantive
content, track assignment status and communicate with
credentials and, in some cases, academic credits
students.
through MOOCs, the authors designed a study to
investigate the benefits and costs to learners who are 4. Self- Blended
engaging in a series of open, online courses that provide 5. Online Driver
a culminating non-degree credential.

Model 1: Face-to-Face Driver

2. Voice from Afar; Building the Academic
In the face-to-face model, the teacher delivers the
Practitioner Bridge
curricula most of the time and utilizes online learning at
Online applied graduate programs that target working certain times with the purpose to augment or provide an
professionals are rapidly growing in number. One alternative experience. Instruction is provided in a
program at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of computer laboratory or assigned tasks are uploaded
Public Health incorporated strategies to enhance the online.
learning experience by using authentic elements in
course and program design.
Model 2: Rotation
Whilst Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
undeniably represent a change of scale, they are In a course or subject, students rotate on a fixed
nevertheless part of the age-old concept of distance schedule between learning online in a one-to-one, self-
learning. MOOCs are defined by their audience and their paced learning environment and being inside the
format. classroom with a face-to-face teacher. This is the model
that is in between the traditional face-to-face earning
and online learning.
Synchronous and Asynchronous
Model 3: Flex
In programming, synchronous operations block
This model uses online platform that delivers most of the
instructions until the task is completed, while
course. Support to learning provides as needed through
asynchronous operations can execute without blocking
on-site support or by an online tutor who facilitates the
other operations.
tutorial or small groups sessions. Sessions can be
Asynchronous operations are generally completed by arranged into synchronous or asynchronous. Course
firing an event or by calling a provided callback function. participants may work on their tasks at any convenient
time if it is within the confines of the course duration.
An online chat at real time is the Synchronous session.
Course participants meet in a virtual classroom and
discuss in the topic of lesson. So, wherever they are
Model 4: Online Lab
situated in the world, they agree on a scheduled session
and log in to join the live class. The LMS has this feature. The online lab model uses an online platforms in
The teacher called as the online tutor facilities the delivering the course but located in a physical classroom
discussion. Ideas are posted in an actual live class. One or computer laboratory. Online lab model of blended
cannot lecture and take all the time in explaining learning may be enrolled in a traditional classroom
courses at the same time and therefore have blocked
Blended Learning
schedules.
Blended Learning is an approach to education that
Model 5: Self-Blend
combines online educational materials and opportunities
for interaction online with traditional place-based The Self-Blend Model is a system provided by the
classroom methods. Another way of handling flexible school where the students can choose the courses they
learning is by combining modalities of instructional would like to have in addition to their typical brick-and-
delivery. Kinds of Blended Learning is highly context mortar classroom classes. This model is always remote
dependent. a major difference from the online lab.

Model 6: Online Driver

6 Kinds of Blending Learning The online-driver model utilizes a platform and a teacher
that delivers all curricula. Students remotely work on
[Link]-to-Face Driver
their program most of the time. It ever there is face-to-
[Link] face component, it is made optional or if ever it is
required for students to go to the physical learning
[Link]
environment such in a school, then it can be
3. Online Lab extracurricular activities augmenting the curriculum.
Online Communities of Learning/Social Networking It is a free social network site to join and use

When we consider online networking, internet users Instagram

immediately referred to Facebook: Everybody seems to
It Is a platform where users share visual stories
have a Facebook account and uses these to
communicate. If the teaching and learning situation. You • This system allows users to post photas with captions
work an information, data and collaborate with allowing followers to like or comment on one’s pots
classmates friends, teachers and other members of
society, then social networking can also be appropriately •Photos shared have a wide range of coverage – trips,
employed as an educational tool. food, business products.

What is networking? Many of its users use it to post Information about travel,
fashion, food, art, and simllar subjects.
 Is defined as that group of individuals who
communicates and connects on a regular basis WhatsApp:
 The action or process of interacting with others A widely used messaging
to exchange information and develop
professional or social contacts. Another popular messaging platform,

Social Networking Platforms Platform for communication.

 Different ways to communicate with friends can Telegram:

be through the internet or mobile devices on can
Another popular messaging platform, often used for
have a personal page where a profile can be
large groups and communities.
built in a social networking site.
 Social networking services have been evolving Tiktok:
for more than a decade.
A leader in short-form video content, known for viral
 Social networking service allowed users to
trends and strong engagement with younger users.
construct their personal profile so have now
evolved to sharing of multimedia resources. Tumblr:
There are varied platfors avallable where one can create It Is a networking site that combines social media and
a personal account. Some of these popular social blogging.
networking sites include:
Users can post whatever they like such as photos,
Facebook videos, quotes, music, and links.

 The most popular social network apparently is BENEFITS AND DANGERS USING SOCIAL
Facebook NETWORK
 Used by most people, it allows users to post
their profile, blogs, pictures, and video. SITES
 Founded in 2004 based in Menlo Park, BENEFITS:
Callfornia.
•The world has become a global village through
connectivity.
Twitter •Getting connected to family and friends is now a few
clicks away.
•Does not only provide social networking service but it
also gives online news. •A major advantage of social networking websites is that
they provide a lot of information.
Breaking news has taken a new twist with this social
networking website. • Social networking websites can support learning or
augment educational activities.
• Twitter is the site where users post and interact with
messages called “tweets” restricted onty 140 characters. DANGERS:
YouTube  One major risk is making friends with strangers
• It is an American video-sharing website where users who may be a predator or a cyberbully.
can upload, view, and even share video clips or  Topping these risks is also the danger of users
multimedia productions getting hooked on intemet and may lear to
ignore the real world. Bit of body text
BLENDED LEARNING

Blended learning is an educational approach that

combines traditional in-person classroom instruction with
online learning activities, leveraging technology to
enhance teaching and learning experiences.

KINDS OF BLENDED LEARNING:

•Face to Face

In the face-to-face model, the teacher delivers the

curricula most of the time and utilizes online learning at
certain times with the purpose to augment or provide an
altemative experience.

•Rotation

In a course or subject, students rotate on a fixed

schedule between learning online in a one-to-one. Self-
paced learning environment and being inside the
classroom with a face-to-face teacher. This is the model
that in in between the traditional face-to-face and online
learning.

•Online Lab

The online lab model uses an online platforms in

dellvering the course but located in a physical classroom
or computer laboratory.

Online lab model of blended leaming may be enrolled in

a traditional classroom courses at the same time and
therefore have blocked schedules,

•Flex Model

This model uses online platform that deliver most of the

course. Support to learning provides an needed through
on-site support or by an online tutor who facilitates the
tutorial or small groups sessions Sessions can be
arranged into synchronous or asynchronous.

•Online Driver

The online-driver model utilizes a platform and a teacher

that delivers all curricula. Students remotely work on
their program most of the time. If ever there is face-to-
face component, it is made optional or if ever it is
required for students to go to the physical leaming
environment such in a school, then it can be
extracurricular activities augmenting .