Instruments tend ays 1) __ If the Lissajous pattern seen on the CRT screen is a circle, then the phase difference between the two signals i)o° ii) 90° iii) 180° iv) 45° 2) _ Deflection sensitivity of a CRT is measured in Qe) i) Q/volt ii) volts/Q_ iii) mm/volt iv) none of these 3) _ In function generator for the generation of triangular wave ...... circuit is used. i) Integrator ii) Schmitt Trigger Resistance diode waveshaping, iv) Differentiator 4) DMM measures......value of A.C. voltage. i)RMS ii) Peak + iii) Average _iv) none of these 5) Ifa Lissajous pattern like 8 is obtained, then frequency to vertical input f, and frequency to horizontal input f, are related by the equatio f,=2f, ii) f,=f, iv) none of these 6 .«... anode has variable positive voltage. i) pre- accelerating _ii) focussing iii) accelerating iv) control grid 7) _ InCRO intensity of spot can be controlled by changing, CED 8) Ifretrace path is visible on CRO screen, then the fault is in...... 9) _ If the negative potential on control grid of CRT is increased then the intensity of electron beam (EEE 40) In CRO, a sawtooth voltage developed by the time-base generator is applied to..... 11) _ Ifa voltage of 1000 volts is applied to the vertical plates of CRO, it produces a vertical shift of 5 mm of the spot, hence the deflection sensitivity is 12) The time base signal in CRO is ...... wave. Crt) ‘Ans. 1) 90° 2) mm/volt 3) Integrator 4) RMS 5) £=2f, 6) focussing 7) grid potential 8) Blanking circuit 9) decreases 10) horizontal X deflection plates 11) 0.005 mm/ volt 12) saw-tooth14) DYMdisplays 15) InDMM, 20.005 % 16) In most of DMMs,1 m nt which provides sine, square and triangular waveforms is called 18) _Insingle beam dual trace CRO, principle of .. d 19) The calibration signal, usually available from a CRO, isa... signal. 20) The purpose of SYNC. control in CRO is to . 21) Anonttriggered oscilloscope is one which 22) The secondary electrons produced in CRT are collected by____. [EIGN @ Graphite Coating (ii) Phosphorous Coating (iil) Secondary Anode (iv) All of the above 23) In CRO the Lissajous Figure Method can be used for measurement of. @ Frequency (i) Current (ii) Resistance (iv) None of these ‘Ans. 13) material used for coating of CRT screen. 14) discrete numerals 15) high 16) over-range 17) function generator 18) electronic switching 19) square wave 20) lock the display of thesignal 21)_hasa continuously running time-base generator 2) Graphite coating 23) Frequency | (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Q1 _ Draw labelled diagram of Cathode Ray Tube and explain function of each electrode (4 Marks) Pane (pari) in it. ‘Amembly 1 Assembly Fig. 1.1: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)1PS Electronie Paper - 13 Instruments Main parts of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) are: 1) Electron gun assembly 2) Deflection plate assembly 3) _ Fluorescent sereen ane 4) Glass envelope and base of the tube Br is the heart of CRO. The electron gun assembly produces a narrow and sharply focussed beam of electrons which travels with a very high velocity towards the fluorescent sereen. On its way the beam passes through two pairs of deflection plates. On striking the screen, the beam produces a small light spot on the screen. 1, Electron gun - Electrons are emitted from an indirectly heated cathode. The cathode is surrounded by a control grid. The electrons that pass through small hole in grid make up beam current. The magnitude of beam current can be adjusted by INTENSITY control, The electrons are then accelerated by high positive potential applied to two accelerating anodes. These anodes are separated by a focussing anode which provides a narrow and sharp: electron beam. The beam then travels through deflection plate assembly. a 2, _ Deflection Plate Assembly - If voltages are applied to the deflection plates, the electron beam can be deflected in horizontal direction by horizontal deflection plates or in vertical direction by vertical deflection plates. Mostly electrostatic deflection is used in cRT. 3. Fluorescent Screen - When electron beam strikes the screen of the CRT, a spot of light is produced. On the inner surface of screen, phosphor coating is present. The secondary electrons are collected by a conductive coating called as Aquadag which is electrically connected to the second anode. 4, — Glass Envelope and base of the tube : The envelope of CRT is made of glass. It is highly evacuated. The elements of the electron gun assembly are connected to pins on the CRT . base. Q.2 Explain electrostatic focussing system of a CRT. (March ie Preaccelerating Focusing Accelerating Control grid anode anode anode Screen + High voltage Focus supply Fig. 1.2 : Electrostatic focussing system of CRT The electrostatic focussing system of CRT consists of preaccelerating anode, focussing anode and accelerating anode, These anodes are cylindrical in form, with small openings located in the centre of each cylinder, along the axis of the tube. The electrons coming out of the control grid are accelerated by the high voltage applied to the accelerating anode. TheseTPS Electronic Paper - 1 14 Instruments electrons have a tendency to diverge from each other, Therefore the beam is focussed to form 4 sharp image on the screen by the focussing anode. ‘The focussing anode is connected to a lower Positive potential than the accelerating anodes. Because of difference in potentials, the equipotential surfaces between focussing and accelerating anodes form a shape like a concave lens. When the electron beam passes through this region, the electrons experience a force in a direction normal to the equipotential surfaces, Therefore the beam is converged into a sharp point on the screen, The focal length of the electrostatic lens system can be changed by changing the voltage on the focussing anode by using front panel control marked FOCUS. Q3 A) List types of deflection systems of CRT and explain any one. Tei B) Compare electromagnetic and electrostatic type deflection systems. (Ee types of deflection systems used in CRT ? Explain the principle of each © What are the type. Ans. : Deflection Parabolic Straight Path De= Deflection on screen ‘d= Distance between plates Fig. 1.3 : Electrostatic Deflection in CRT ‘Types of deflection systems used in CRT - 1) _ Electrostatic deflection 2) ~ Magnetic deflection 1) Electrostatic Deflection - ‘Two deflecting plates are maintained at different potentials. In Fig. 1.3 the lines of force between them are shown. When an electron beam enters the electric fie towards positive plate and the path becomes line and travels towards point P” on the screen. Id, it gets deflected Parabolic. The beam emerges out in a straight In a CRT, two pairs of deflection plates are used. Input to be displayed is applied to Vertical deflection plates. Generally a sawtooth voltage is applied to horizontal deflection Plates. The final change in the direction of electron beam depends on combined effect of both. Application :In CRT used in Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, electrostatic deflection is used+795 Electronic Paper -1 15 Instruments Deflection Sensitivity (S) of a CRT is defined as the deflection on the screen (in metre) per volt of deflection voltage. D S= Ey Unit: m/V where D = deflection on the screen (m), Ey = deflection voltage (V) 2) Magnetic Deflection - Fig. 1. 4 : Magnetic Deflection in CRT Whenever it is inconvenient or impossible to obtain suitable electrostatic deflection voltages, this method is used. The coils are placed around the neck of the tube. The amount of deflection depends on ampere - turns of the coils. Two pairs of deflecting coils are used. First pair is for vertical deflection and second pair is used for horizontal deflection. ‘Application - In RADAR indicators and television picture tubes. 4 A) Whats the use of aquadag coating in CRT? Explain. Cae B) Give function of screen in CRT and explain phosphorescence, © Write a note on screens for CRT. (Qe) ‘Ans.: Screens for CRT: When the electron beam strikes the screen of the CRT, a spot of light is produced, The screen material on the inner surface of the CRT that produces this effect is ‘called ‘Phosphor’. e The property of some crystalline materials, such as phosphor, to emit light when stimulated by radiation is called ‘Fluorescence’. The property of the material to continue light "emission even after the source of excitation (electron beam) is cut off, is, called ‘Phosphorescence’. The length of time during which phosphorescence occurs is called ‘Persistence’ of the phosphor. The intensity of the light emitted from the CRT screen is called ‘Luminance’. ‘A number of factors must be considered in selecting a phosphor for a given application. There are different types of phosphors like Py, P,, Py Py, Px, etc. Burning and possibly complete destruction of the phosphor can be avoided by keeping the beam intensity down and exposure time short.