Geometry
Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with shapes, angles, dimensions and sizes of a
variety of things we see in everyday life. Geometry is derived from Ancient Greek words – ‘Geo’
means ‘Earth’ and ‘metron’ means ‘measurement’.
The different types of shapes in geometry help us to understand the shapes day to day life. With
the help of geometric concepts, we can calculate the area, perimeter and volume of shapes.
Plane Geometry (Two-dimensional Geometry)
Plane Geometry deals with flat shapes which can be drawn on a piece of paper. These include lines,
circles & triangles of two dimensions. Plane geometry is also known as two-dimensional geometry.
All the two-dimensional figures have only two measures such as length and breadth. It does not
deal with the depth of the shapes. Some examples of plane figures are square, triangle, rectangle,
circle, and so on.
The important terminologies in plane geometry are:
• Point
• Line
• Angles
Point:
A point is a precise location or place on a plane. A dot usually represents them. Also, note that a
point has no dimension; preferably, it has the only position.
Line:
The line is straight (no curves) and extends in both directions without end (infinitely). It is
important to note that it is the combination of infinite points together to form a line. In geometry,
we have a horizontal line and vertical line which are x-axis and y-axis respectively.
Line Segment – If a line has a starting and an endpoint then it is called a Line Segment.
Ray – If a line has a starting point and has no endpoint is called Ray.
Angles in Geometry:
In geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a
common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
Types of Angles:
Acute Angle – An Acute angle (or Sharp angle) is an angle smaller than a right angle i.e., it can
range between 0 – 90 degrees.
Obtuse Angle – An Obtuse angle is more than 90 degrees but is less than 180 degrees.
Right Angle – An angle of 90 degrees.
Straight Angle – An angle of 180 degrees.
Reflex Angle – A Reflex angle is more than 180 degrees but is less than 360 degrees.
Supplementary angles and complementary angles:
Supplementary angles and complementary angles are defined with respect to the addition of two
angles. If the sum of two angles is 180 degrees, then they are said to be supplementary angles,
which form a linear angle together. Whereas if the sum of two angles is 90 degrees, then they are
said to be complementary angles, and they form a right angle together.
Polygons in Geometry:
A plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight-line segments closing in a loop to form
a closed polygonal chain or circuit.
The name ‘poly’ refers to multiple. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides; for example, a triangle is
a 3-gon polygon.
General Formula for Sum of internal Angles of a polygon:
Sum of internal Angles of a polygon = (n−2) ×180
Types of Polygons:
Circle in Geometry:
A Circle is a simple closed shape. From a certain point called the center, all points of a circle are
of same consistent distance, i.e. the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from
the center is constant.
Quiz on Geometry
Q 1: The angle which is less than 90 degrees is called?
A) Acute angle
B) Obtuse angle
C) Right angle
D) Straight angle
Q 2: Straight angle represents?
A) 90 degrees
B) 180 degrees
C) 270 degrees
D) 360 degrees
Q 3: If n is number of sides, then sum of internal angles of a polygon is:
A) n x 180
B) n / 2 (180)
C) (n – 1) x 180
D) (n – 2) x 180
Q 4: The point where two rays meet to form an angle is called?
A) Segment
B) Vertex
C) Rays
D) None of these
Q 5: A measure of angle which is the complement of itself is called?
A) 30 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) None of these
Q 6: How many fix points are in a line?
A) No fix points
B) One fix point
C) Two fix points
D) None of these
Q 7: Which of the following is the longest chord of a circle?
A) Radius
B) Diameter
C) Circumference
D) None of these
Q 8: The sum of three angles of an isosceles triangle is?
A) 90 degrees
B) 180 degrees
C) 360 degrees
D) None of these
Q 9: A ray has …… fix point/s.
A) 1
B) 2
C) Infinitesimal
D) None of these
Questions on Geometry
Q 1: Radius of wheel of a car is 0.14 m. How many revolutions will it take to cover a distance of
880 m?
Q 2: Radius of swimming pool is 14 m. Find the circumference and area of the pool. If cost of
cemetery its floor per square meter is Rs. 15, find its total cost?
Q 3: Diameter of circular playground is 20 m. Calculate the cost of repairing the floor of
playground at the rate of Rs. 100 per square meter and also the cost of fencing the playground at
the rate of Rs. 40 per meter?
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