( 2018-19 +1 New syllabus) Systematic Analysis of Given Simple Salt
S NO
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Colour: i) Blue /Green May be Copper salts
Colour of the salt. ii) Brown May be an Iron(ferric) salt
iii) Colourless Absence of Copper and
Iron Salts
Action of heat : i) Reddish brown gas May be Nitrate
2. Little of the salt is heated in a dry ii)Pungent smelling gas
test tube. giving dense white fumes May be Ammonium
with glass rod dipped in
conc. HCl
iii)Yellow when hot, white May be Zinc
when cooled.
No characteristic change Absence of Nitrate,
Ammonium and Zinc
Flame test : i) Brick red flame Presence of Calcium
3. Little of the salt is made into a ii) Apple green flame Presence of Barium
paste with conc. HCl in a watch iii)Bluish green flame Presence of copper
glass and it is burnt by the non iv)No characteristic flame Absence of Copper,
luminous part of the Bunsen Calcium and Barium
flame using a glass rod.
4. Action of [Link]: i)Colourless, Odourless gas
Salt + [Link] and heated. with brisk effervescence Presence of Carbonate
turning lime water milky confirmed
ii)Rotten egg smelling gas Presence of Sulphide
turning lead acetate paper confirmed
black.
iv)No characteristic change Absence of Carbonate &
Sulphide
5. Action of Conc.H2SO4: A colourless gas evolves. It
Salt +Conc. H2SO4 +heated. gives a dense white fumes Presence of chloride
when a glass rod dipped in
liquid ammonia is brought
close to its mouth.
A reddish brown gas turning Presence of bromide
moist fluorescein paper
green evolves.
Reddish brown gas turning Presence of nitrate
acidified ferrous sulphate
paper green evolves.
No characteristic change. Absence of Chloride,
Bromide & Nitrate
6. Action of MnO2 and Conc. A greenish yellow gas Presence of chloride
H2SO4: turning starch iodide paper
Salt + MnO2 + Conc. H2SO4 and blue evolves.
heated. A reddish brown gas turning Presence of Bromide
moist fluorescein paper red
evolves
No characteristic change. Absence of Chloride,
Bromide
7. Action of Conc.H2SO4 Copper Reddish brown gas Presence of Nitrate
turning test: No reddish brown gas Absence of Nitrate
Salt + Copper turnings + conc.
H2SO4 and heated.
8. Action of dil. NaOH: A colourless gas with the Presence of Ammonium
Salt + dil. NaOH and heated Pungent smelling gas with salt
the smell of ammonia gives
dense white fumes with rod
dipped in [Link].
No Pungent smelling gas Absence of Ammonium
salt
9. Chromyl Chloride test: Red orange vapours Presence of Chloride
Salt + Solid K2Cr2O7 + evolved is passed through confirmed
Conc.H2SO4 and heated. NaOH in a test tube. Yellow
solution is obtained. On
adding dil acetic acid and
Lead acetate solution,
yellow precipitate is
formed.
No red orange vapours Absence of Chloride
evolved
Preparation of Sodium Carbonate extract :
1g Salt + 3g Na2CO3 + 20 ml distilled water, Boiled, Cooled and filtered. The
clear filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
10 Test for halides: i)Curdy white precipitate Presence of Chloride
Na2CO3 Extract + dil. HNO3 + ii)A pale yellow ppt Presence of Bromide
AgNO3 iii)Black precipitate Presence of Sulphide
iv)No characteristic Absence of Chloride,
precipitate Bromide and Sulphide
11 BaCl2 test: White precipitate Presence of Sulphate
Na2CO3 Extract + dil. HCl +BaCl2 insoluble in dil H2SO4
No white precipitate Absence of Sulphate
12 Lead acetate test: White precipitate soluble Presence of Sulphate
Na2CO3 Extract + CH3COOH +Lead in ammonium acetate.
acetate No White precipitate Absence of Sulphate
13 Brown Ring test: Na2CO3 Brown ring is formed Presence of Nitrate
Extract + dil.H2SO4 + freshly No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
prepared FeSO4 and conc. H2SO4 is
added along the sides of the test tube
14 Ammonium molybdate test: A canary yellow ppt is Presence of Phosphate
Na2CO3 Extract + dil HNO3 + formed.
ammonium No yellow precipitate Absence of phosphate
molybdate and Conc. HNO3
15 Test with sodium nitro bruside: A purple or violet Presence of sulphide.
Na2CO3 Extract + dil .ammonia + colouration appears
sodium nitro bruside. No purple or violet Absence of suphide
colouration
Analysis of Basic Radicals
Preparation of Original Solution:
Salt + distilled water gives original solution. (or)
Salt + dil. HNO3 or dil. HClgives original solution. (CuCO ,MgCO ,CaCO , ZnS, Mg (PO ) salt used dil. HNO dilHCl)
3 3 3 3 4 2 3 or
1. Analysis Of Ammonium: Chocolate brown Presence of Ammonium
Original Solution + NaOH + precipitate (Group0)
Nessler’s reagent No chocolate brown Absence of Ammonium
precipitate
Group Separation
1. Original Solution + dil. HCl White precipitate Presence of I group Lead
No White precipitate Absence of I group Lead
2. Original Solution + dil. HCl+ H2S Black precipitate Presence of II group
gas is passed Copper
No Black precipitate Absence of II group
Copper
3. Original Solution + NH4Cl + i)White precipitate i) Presence of III group
NH4OH Aluminium
ii)Brown colour ii) Presence of III group
precipitate Ferric (iron).
No White precipitate Absence of III group Al,
Fe
4. Original Solution + NH4Cl + Dirty white precipitate Presence of IV group Zinc
NH4OH + H2S gas is passed No dirty white precipitate Absence of IV group Zinc
5. Original Solution + NH4Cl + White precipitate Presence of V group Ba or
NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 Ca
No White precipitate Absence of V group Ba or
Ca
6. Original solution + NH4Cl + White precipitate Presence of VI group
NH4OH + disodium hydrogen Magnesium
phosphate No White precipitate Absence of VI group
Magnesium
Confirmatory Test For Basic Radicals
1. Lead (Group I)
Original solution + KI solution Yellow precipitate Lead is confirmed
2. Copper (Group II) Original Red brown precipitate Copper is confirmed
solution + Acetic acid + potassium
ferrocyanide
3 Aluminium (Group III) Original
solution + sodium peroxide + dil Gelatinous white ppt Aluminium is confirmed
HCl
Ferric Iron (Group III) Original Blue precipitate Ferric iron is confirmed
solution + sodium peroxide + dil
HCl + potassium ferrocyanide
4. Zinc (Group IV) White precipitate Zinc is confirmed
Original solution + potassium ferro
cyanide
5. Barium (Group V)
Original solution + potassium Yellow precipitate Barium is confirmed
chromate
6. Calcium (Group V)
Originalsolution+NH4OH White precipitate Calcium is confirmed
+Ammonium oxalate
7 Magnesium (Group VI)
Original solution + NaOH + Blue precipitate Magnesium is confirmed
Magneson reagent
8 Ammonium (Zero group) Chocolate brown Ammonium is confirmed
Original solution + NaOH + precipitate
Nessler’s reagent
Result: 1) The given simple salt contains Acid radical______________
Basic radical______________
2)The given simple salt is________
Acid radicals: Carbonate CO3 2- , Sulphide S2-, Nitrate NO3- , Sulphate SO42- , Chloride Cl -,
Bromide Br -, Phosphate PO4 3-
Basic radicals : Ammonium (NH4+) , Lead (Pb2+), Copper (Cu2+), Aluminium (Al3+), Ferric (Fe3+),
Zinc (Zn2+), Calcium (Ca2+), 2+
Barium (Ba ), Magnesium (Mg2+)
List of salts 8. Zinc Sulphide ZnS
1. Lead Nitrate Pb(NO3)2 9. Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
2. Copper Sulphate CuSO4 10. Barium Chloride BaCl2
3. Copper Carbonate CuCO3 11. Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
4. Ferric Chloride FeCl3 12. Magnesium Carbonate MgCO3
5. Aluminium Sulphate Al2(SO4)3 13. Magnesium Phosphate Mg3(PO4)2
6. Aluminium Nitrate Al(NO3)3 14. Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl
7. Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4 15. Ammonium Bromide NH4Br