Either, neither, both (+ of) - разница в
употреблении
A
Мы используем both/neither/either для двух вещей. Вы можете
использовать эти слова с существительным (both books, neither book и
т.п.).
Например, вы собираетесь сходить поесть в ресторан. Есть два возможных
варианта. Вы говорите:
Both restaurants are very good. (not The both restaurants)
Оба ресторана очень хорошие.
Neither restaurant is expensive.
Ни один из ресторанов не дорогой.
We can go to either restaurant. I don’t mind.
Мы можем пойти в любой ресторан. Я не против.
(either = один или другой (второй), не важно который)
B
Both of ... / neither of ... / either of ...
Мы используем both of / neither of / either of + the/these/my/Tom’s ... и др.
Т.е. мы говорим ‘both of the restaurants’, ‘both of those restaurants’ и т.п. (но
не both of restaurants):
Both of these restaurants are very good.
Оба эти ресторана очень хорошие.
Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive.
Ни один из ресторанов, в которые мы ходили, не был дорогим.
I haven’t been to either of those restaurants. (= I haven’t been to one or
the other)
Я не был ни в одном из этих ресторанов.
После both не обязательно использовать of. Т.е. вы можете сказать:
Both my parents are from London. or Both of my parents ...
Вы можете использовать both of / neither of / either of + us/you/them:
(talking to two people) Can either of you speak Spanish?
(обращаясь к двум людям) Кто-нибудь из вас говорит по-испански?
I asked two people the way to the station, but neither of them could help
me.
Я спросил двух людей дорогу до вокзала, но ни один не смог мне
помочь.
Обязательно говорить ‘both of’ перед us/you/them:
Both of us were very tired. (not Both us were ...)
После neither of ... возможен глагол как в единственном, так и
во множественном числе:
Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed.
C
Вы можете использовать both/neither/either и без существительного:
I couldn’t decide which of the two shirts to buy. I liked both. (или I
liked both of them.)
‘Is your friend British or American?’ ‘Neither. (ни та, ни другая) She’s
Australian.’
‘Do you want tea or coffee?’ ‘Either. (любой) I don’t mind.’
D
Вы можете сказать:
both ... and ...
как..., так и
и..., и...
Both Chris and Pat were late.
Опоздали как Крис, так и Пэт.
I was both tired and hungry when I arrived home.
Когда я приехал домой, я был и усталый, и голодный.
neither ... nor ...
ни ..., ни ...
Neither Chris nor Pat came to the party.
Ни Крис, ни Пэт не пришли на вечеринку.
Tom said he would contact me, but he neither wrote nor phoned.
Том сказал, что свяжется со мной, но он ни написал, ни позвонил.
either ... or ...
или..., или
I’m not sure where Maria’s from. She’s either Spanish or Italian.
Я не уверен откуда Мария. Она или испанка, или итальянка.
Either you apologise or I’ll never speak to you again.
Либо ты извинишься, либо я никогда больше не буду с тобой
разговаривать.
E
Сравните either/neither/both (две вещи) и any/none/all (больше чем две):
There are two good hotels here.
You could stay at either of them.
There are many good hotels here.
You could stay at any of them.
We tried two hotels.
{
Neither of them had any rooms.
Both of them were full.
We tried a lot of hotels.
{
None of them had any rooms.
All of them were full.
Упражнения
1. Закончите предложения, выбрав both/neither/either.
Either
‘Do you want tea or coffee?’ ‘ . I really don’t mind.’
1. ‘What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?’ ‘ . It’s the
20th.’
2. A: Where did you go for your holidays - Scotland or Ireland?
B: We went to . A week in Scotland and a week in Ireland.
3. ‘When shall I phone, in the morning or afternoon?’ ‘ . I’ll
be in all day.’
4. ‘Where’s Liz? Is she at work or at home?’ ‘ . She’s away on
holiday.’
2. Закончите предложения, выбрав both/neither/either. Используйте of,
если необходимо.
Both
my parents are from London.
1. To get to the town centre, you can go along the footpath by the river or
you can go along the road. You can go way.
2. I tried twice to phone George, but times he was
out.
3. Tom’s parents is English. His father is Polish and
his mother is Italian.
4. I saw an accident this morning. One car drove into the back of another.
Fortunately driver was injured,
but cars were badly damaged.
5. I’ve got two sisters and a brother. My brother is working,
but my sisters are still at school.
3. Закончите предложения, выбрав both/neither/either + of us/them.
neither of them
I asked two people the way to the station, but could help me.
1. I was invited to two parties last week, but I couldn’t go
to .
2. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I
opened .
3. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly, but
can play very well.
4. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted, but
had it.
4. Напишите предложения с both ... and ... / neither ... nor... / either ...
or ... .
1. Chris was late. So was Pat.
Both Chris and Pat w ere late.
2. He didn’t write and he didn’t phone.
He neither w rote nor phoned.
3. Joe is on holiday and so is Sam.
4. Joe hasn’t got a car. Sam hasn’t got one either.
5. Brian doesn’t watch TV and he doesn’t read newspapers.
6. It was a boring film. It was long too.
The film
7. Is that man’s name Richard? Or is it Robert? It’s one of the two.
That man’s name
8. I haven’t got time to go on holiday. And I haven’t got the money.
I’ve got
9. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow - whichever you prefer.
We
5. Закончите предложения, выбрав neither/either/none/any.
none
We tried a lot of hotels, but of them had any rooms.
1. I took two books with me on holiday, but I didn’t read of
them.
2. I took five books with me on holiday, but I didn’t read of
them.
3. There are a few shops at the end of the street, but of them
sells newspapers.
4. You can phone me at time during the evening. I’m always
at home.
5. I can meet you next Monday or Friday. Would of those
days be convenient for you?
6. John and I couldn’t get into the house because of us had a
key.