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Dimensions of Solution Spaces Explained

The document discusses the dimensions of solution spaces for various linear systems, highlighting the number of free variables and the basis for each solution space. It provides examples of different systems, illustrating how to determine the dimension and basis vectors. The final results indicate the dimensions of the solution spaces as 3, 1, 2, and 3 for the respective systems.

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13 views5 pages

Dimensions of Solution Spaces Explained

The document discusses the dimensions of solution spaces for various linear systems, highlighting the number of free variables and the basis for each solution space. It provides examples of different systems, illustrating how to determine the dimension and basis vectors. The final results indicate the dimensions of the solution spaces as 3, 1, 2, and 3 for the respective systems.

Uploaded by

Space monster
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DIMENSION OF SOLUTION SPACE

Solution:
The augmented matrix is given by

The row echelon form is given by,

No. of equations = 3 < No. of unknowns = 6(6 – 3 = 3 free variables)

The solution space contains 6 – tuples in R6.


The solution space is given by
𝑥1 −3𝑟 − 4𝑠 − 2𝑡 −3 −4 −2
𝑥2 𝑟 1 0 0
𝑥3 −2𝑠 0 −2 0
𝑥4 = 𝑠
=𝑟
0
+𝑠
1
+𝑡
0
𝑥5 𝑡 0 0 1
[𝑥6 ] [ 0 ] [0] [0] [0]

−3 −4 −2
1 0 0
0 −2 0
Let 𝑣1 = , 𝑣2 = , 𝑣3 =
0 1 0
0 0 1
[0] [0] [0]
Thus the solution space becomes
𝑥1
𝑥2
𝑥3
𝑥4 = 𝑟𝑣1 + 𝑠𝑣2 + 𝑡𝑣3
𝑥5
[𝑥6 ]
RHS is the linear combination of 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 . Thus {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 } spans the solution
space of the given system. Moreover {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 } is linearly independent.
Hence, {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 } form a basis for the solution space of the system.
Exercises:

Solution:
The augmented matrix is given by’
1 1 −1 0 1 1 −1 0 1 1 −1 0
[−2 −1 2 0 ] ~ [0 1 0 0 ] ~ [0 1 0 0]
−1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Expanding each non zero rows we have,
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 0,
𝑥2 = 0
No. of equations < No. of unknowns (3 – 2 = 1 free variable)
Put 𝑥3 = 𝑡 then 𝑥1 = 𝑥3 = 𝑡, 𝑥2 = 0
The solution is given by
𝑥1 𝑡 1
[𝑥2 ] = [0] = 𝑡 [0] = 𝑡𝑣1
𝑥3 𝑡 1
Thus solution space is the linear combination of one vector 𝑣1 and a set with
one non zero vector is linearly independent.
Hence, {𝑣1 } is Linearly independent and spans the solution space and forms
the basis. Dim(solution space) =1

Solution:
Let 𝑊 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅3 : 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0}
To find the basis for 𝑊.
Clearly, 𝑊 is the solution space of system 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0.
No. of equations = 1 < No. of unknowns = 3 (3 – 1 = 2 free variable)
2 5
Put 𝑦 = 𝑠 and 𝑧 = 𝑡, then 𝑥 = 𝑠 − 𝑡
3 3

Hence the solution is given by,

𝑥 2 5
𝑠− 𝑡 2/3 −5/3
[𝑦 ] = [3 3 ] = 𝑠 [ 1 ] + 𝑡 [ 0 ] = 𝑠𝑣1 + 𝑡𝑣2
𝑠
𝑧 0 1
𝑡

2/3 −5/3
where 𝑣1 = [ 1 ] and 𝑣2 = [ 0 ]
0 1
Thus, 𝑊 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛{𝑣1 , 𝑣2 } and {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 } is linearly independent.
Hence, {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 } form the basis for the solution space. dim(𝑊) = 2.

Solution:
In particular, let 𝑊 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 2𝑥2 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
To find the basis for 𝑊.
𝑎
0
A vector in 𝑊 is in the form [ ]
0
𝑏
𝑎 0 1 0 0 0
Now, [ ] = 𝑎[ ]+𝑏[ ]
0 𝑏 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
Thus, the vectors {[ ],[ ]}spans 𝑊 and the vectors are linearly
0 0 0 1
independent.
1 0 0 0
Therefore, basis of 𝑊 = {[ ],[ ]} and so dim(𝑊) = 2.
0 0 0 1
Solution:
Let 𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 0) ∈ 𝑅4 }
Clearly, (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 0) = 𝑎(1,0,0,0) + 𝑏(0,1,0,0) + 𝑐(0,0,1,0)
Thus, 𝑊 = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛{(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (0,0,1,0)} and
{(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (0,0,1,0)} is linearly independent.
Hence, {(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (0,0,1,0)} form the basis for 𝑊 and dim(𝑊) = 3.

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