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Overview of the Nervous System Functions

The nervous system is crucial for controlling and coordinating body activities, functioning through neurons and electrical impulses. It is divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Key functions include sensing stimuli, voluntary and involuntary movements, and maintaining homeostasis, with common disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease affecting its function.

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10 views10 pages

Overview of the Nervous System Functions

The nervous system is crucial for controlling and coordinating body activities, functioning through neurons and electrical impulses. It is divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Key functions include sensing stimuli, voluntary and involuntary movements, and maintaining homeostasis, with common disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease affecting its function.

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de0018257
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Nervous System

Structure • Functions • Coordination


Presented by: ___________
Introduction

The nervous system controls and coordinates all


body activities.
Helps in sensing stimuli and responding quickly.
Works through neurons and electrical impulses.
Two main divisions: Central Nervous System
(CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Divisions of Nervous System

1.) Central Nervous System (CNS)


Brain
Spinal cord
2.) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Neuron (Nerve Cell)

Structural and functional unit of the nervous


system.
Parts of a neuron:
1.) Dendrites
2.) Cell body (soma)
3.) Axon
4.) Axon terminals
Transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain:
Controls thought, memory, movement, and coordination.
Divided into:
a.) Cerebrum – Thinking, learning, emotions.
b.) Cerebellum – Balance and movement.
c.) Medulla (Brainstem) – Breathing, heartbeat, reflexes.
Spinal Cord:
Connects brain with body.
Controls reflex actions.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Connects CNS to the rest of the body.


Includes:
a.) Cranial nerves – Connect brain to head and neck.
b.) Spinal nerves – Connect spinal cord to body.
Controls voluntary movements and sensory functions.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Controls involuntary activities.


Two divisions:
a.) Sympathetic system – “Fight or flight”: increases
heart rate, breathing.
b.) Parasympathetic system – “Rest and digest”: slows
body functions.
Maintains internal body balance (homeostasis).
Nerve Impulse Transmission

Nerve impulses are electrical signals.


Travel from dendrite → cell body→ →
axon axon terminal.
Synapse: junction between two neurons.
Neurotransmitters help transfer signals across synapse.
Nervous System Disorders

Common disorders include:


Epilepsy – Seizures due to abnormal brain activity.
Paralysis – Loss of movement due to nerve damage.
Parkinson’s disease – Tremors, slow movement.
Alzheimer’s disease – Memory loss.
Conclusion

Nervous system is essential for coordination and control.


Works through neurons, CNS, and PNS.
Helps us sense, think, move, and respond to the environment.

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