1.
An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20
cm. Use the mirror formula to determine the position of the image formed in this case
2. The values of absolute refractive indices of kerosene and water are 1.44 and
1.33, respectively. Compare the two media on the basis of their: (2 Marks)
(a) optical density
(b) mass density
(c) relative speed of propagation of light.
What do you infer on the basis of the above comparisons?
[Link] reasons:
(i) The sky appears dark to passengers flying at very high altitude.
(ii) 'Danger' signal lights are red in colour. (2 Marks)
(OR)
Observe the following diagram showing an image formation in an eye:
(a) Identify the defect of vision shown in the figure.
(b) List its two causes and suggest a suitable corrective lens to overcome this
defect
[Link] the term power of accommodation of human eye. Write the name of the part of eye
which plays a major role in the process of accommodation and explain what happens when
human eye focuses (i) nearby objects and (ii) distant objects
5. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a rainbow in the sky. On this diagram mark A
— where dispersion of light occurs, B — where internal reflection of light occurs and C —
where refraction of light occurs. List two necessary conditions to observe a rainbow
6. If we want to obtain a virtual and magnified image of an object by using a concave mirror
of focal length 18 cm, where should the object be placed? Use the mirror formula to
determine the object distance for an image of magnification +2 produced by this mirror to
justify your answer
(OR)
The variation of image distance (v) with object distance (u) for a convex lens is given in the
following observation table. Analyse it and answer the questions that follow:
[Link] U V
1. -15 -60
2. -25 +100
3. -30 +60
4. -40 +40
5. -60 +30
6. -100 +25
(i) Without calculation, find the focal length of the convex lens. Justify your answer.
(ii) Which observation is not correct ? Why? Draw ray diagram to find the position of the
image formed for this position of the object.
(iii) Find the approximate value of magnification for u = - 30 cm
6. (i) Define principal axis of a lens. Draw a ray diagram to show what happens when a ray
of light parallel to the principal axis of a concave lens passes through it. (ii) The focal length
of a concave lens is 20 cm. At what distance from the lens should a 5 cm tall object be
placed so that its image is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens? Also calculate the
size of the image formed.
7. Define the term power of accommodation of human eye. What happens to the image
distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye ? Name and
explain the role of the part of human eye responsible for it in this case
(OR)
What is dispersion of white light? State its cause. Draw a diagram to show dispersion of a
beam of white light by a glass prism
8. The students in a class took a thick sheet of cardboard and made a small hole in its
centre. Sunlight was allowed to fall on this small hole and they obtained a narrow beam of
white light. A glass prism was taken and this white light was allowed to fall on one of its
faces. The prism was turned slowly until the light that comes out of the opposite face of the
prism appeared on the nearby screen. They studied this beautiful band of light and
concluded that it is a spectrum of white light.
(i) Give any one more instance in which this type of spectrum is observed. (1 Mark)
(ii) What happens to white light in the above case? (1 Mark)
(iii) (A) List two conditions necessary to observe a rainbow. (2 Marks)
9. Case-based/data-based questions with 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is provided in
one of these sub-parts. A highly polished surface such as a mirror reflects most of the light
falling on it. In our daily life we use two types of mirrors plane and spherical. The reflecting
surface of a spherical mirrors may be curved inwards or outwards. In concave mirrors,
reflection takes place from the inner surface, while in convex mirrors reflection takes place
from the outer surface.
(a) Define the principal axis of a concave mirror.
(b) A ray of light is incident on a concave mirror, parallel to its principal axis. If this ray after
reflection from the mirror passes through the principal axis from a point at a distance of 10
cm from the pole of the mirror, find the radius of curvature of the mirror.
(c) (i) An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from the pole of a convex mirror of focal
length 15 cm. Find the position of the image
10. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Find the position of the image formed by the mirror.
[Link] two laws of refraction of light.
[Link] reasons:
(i) The sky appears dark to passengers flying at very high altitude.
(ii) 'Danger' signal lights are red in colour. (2 Marks)
(OR)
What is a rainbow ? “We see a rainbow in the sky only after the rainfall.” Why ?
13. A person uses lenses of +2.0 D power in his spectacles for the correction of his vision.
(a) Name the defect of vision the person is suffering from. (b) List two causes of this defect.
(c) Determine the focal length of the lenses used in the spectacles
14. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:
i) Name the defect of vision represented in the diagram. Give reason for your answer.
(ii) List two causes of this defect.
(iii) With the help of a diagram show how this defect of vision is corrected.
[Link] object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Find the position of the image formed by the mirror.
(OR)
If we want to obtain a virtual and magnified image of an object by using a concave mirror of
focal length 18 cm, where should the object be placed? Use the mirror formula to determine
the object distance for an image of magnification +2 produced by this mirror to justify your
answer
16. Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of a ray of light through a rectangular glass
slab when it falls obliquely from air into glass. (ii) State Snell’s law of refraction of light. (iii)
Differentiate between the virtual images formed by a convex lens and a concave lens on the
basis of : (I) object distance, and (II) magnification.
[Link] is a rainbow? Draw a labelled diagram to show the formation of a rainbow
(OR)
Name two defects of vision. Mention their cause and the type of lenses used to correct them
18. The students in a class took a thick sheet of cardboard and made a small hole in its
centre. Sunlight was allowed to fall on this small hole and they obtained a narrow beam of
white light. A glass prism was taken and this white light was allowed to fall on one of its
faces. The prism was turned slowly until the light that comes out of the opposite face of the
prism appeared on the nearby screen. They studied this beautiful band of light and
concluded that it is a spectrum of white light.
(i) Give any one more instance in which this type of spectrum is observed.
(ii) What happens to white light in the above case
iii) List two conditions necessary to observe a rainbow
A student shines a torch light on a plane mirror placed on a table. She notices that the light
ray follows certain rules when it strikes the mirror. Later, she places a pencil in a glass of
water and observes that it appears bent.
(a) State the law of reflection she observes with the mirror.
(b) What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?
(c) Why does the pencil appear bent in the glass of water?
(d) Name the phenomenon responsible for the bending of light in water.
19. A person wears spectacles of power -2.5 D. Name the defect of vision he is suffering
from. Draw the ray
diagram for (i) the defective eye, (ii) its correction after using a suitable lens.
20. A spherical mirror has a radius of curvature of 20 cm which is below in the diagram
A. Find its focal length.
B. Identify the type of mirror that always forms diminished, erect, and virtual images.
C. State one use of this mirror.