~ I '"='·'\.,; ulo_; , x·..i ..:;,~ '-! ~ii 4..;...,I i.;;,;.,. V .A i 4l _;J _; _;I ~li '-!. ~ ,.;,.r! , ,, y,I)'/ , u~ ..

/ , u~ ..:;,~ Eu;)' 4 ~ r ulo.:..:>t..., ~ - l

Y.;;.,..,I ju.J.,:. _;; y.j y,,:.li.o jl ~ .l'IJ.5' '-! o ~ J:, J, y, ,41.i l/1' (T) ut...,_,;

•t'fr V ('I' 0 1\V V (\

'l'w 'l'w 'l' w w w w •/'fi V ('f • /'f\ J/ (f

w
w
w
W; h;
rx h rw F; = ( V -F; ) -n
--
rw L w j hj
rw j =\

11

V; = L Fj
J=i
..:,,_.;, ci} fa ; .:>~ .i.i:-6 ')} ;.:> .lt4 _)')L..1.5,~ ,..L'.:.Ll.S" <½-i~ • IV ) ~ ojl..i J-.,1..,_,,L;; .[Link] ~I"--!~,; 4

T =\/'l's >~IV sec ⇒ Fi =•t•VTV =•!•V x \/'l' x V = •t•A'fV

:4 .::......I ).r. ,.}')L.. cS,Y.::. 0, -½ ~ ¥ ~~ cS,Y.::.

F' = ( V - •/•Aff ) w xrh \' , V
r · rw x h +rw x rh +rw x ,h +w x 'fh +w x t:ih +w x rh •t '

F0 =(V -•!• A'fV) w xo h V

riv x h +l'w x \'h +'l'w x ,h +w x 'fh +w x t:ih +w xr h •I\V

=~;b oh~ !.:.,-.;, ciJ fa).:. -½4 ~ _)')L.. 15,;;, ; 1,.J}j ) ~1; ~~ 15,_,~ .r. .,')k ~ ¥ ;.:. oS ~ .;:.j.:, ~ u-!-1 "--!
r
V0 = L FJ =F0 + ~+Fi := •!\VV +• ti'•iV
r .....
+•t•A'fV =• l'frV
j =O
:.....,. (>) l_;_,.b_,;,,,.;

J.?lb.o •t',rfi-o Y. i}'~,45" ~.r. :,4 ~ ~ h!.:, iS,) :,4 ISl~ c!,ji ,o.i..:. o:,1:, ,;µ.; •jt.... ):, ~ T
.,~,_,:,,~ ~ yU ojt.... Ll'!.1.~4._,. ut..:.IS' ~ j,>1:, J:,, '½,i-_,..~ ojt....) ~.::....1 y,_j 1.51.\4...,_jS' j1 ~1'1..IS'
.:=;;;-c:::;=3~ ,om 1J1~ t.J1)-!l)l~) <Cg = r ,.;:....1 ..si~ .:.,L,,:;.,;.t....

~"'l~ ,:
i---- . 1
to..,

~
1rvkNl111'
~"' [ · · •rkNlm'
,·1r,ivfm'
H kNlm'
·l rvkNlm' ,0111 ,,0111

'·"' . ('f
('I" ' ·"' (I' (\
•ITVkNlm'
~

0 ~L.... ~ u l)_rA,o ~ ~ r - \ •-r J,~ ~ .M .:,4 IS~ ).:.J ) .i.i. ,..:....,I 0~\S ~ ).:, 0t...:>~ oSLr-I "--! ~,; 4,}-ll >
:4 ..:.....I.r.1.r. oj l..i ;.:, .:.4 jl ~ t; ._;.s.... l,_ ; l::J, ..L'.:.4l.S" q = •tr \'I" kN/mr .r.1.r. ,\"r°li' <.r!lx,
. P = lw q Ce CP Cg

..:....,I ~ yi.r. ) ~I ~~•~ ~ i'- \-r J,~ '½ ~,; 4, o.:.!t! 'I" ojl..i ~ 1•,J ,ojl..i , ; ; ~ cS.r.)S "--! ~,; 4:/,., ~

lw = \
..:,,_:;,<.S" ci} fa).:, .:_,l...:>l..i t [Link]) .....,.,.; ,.:,4 '-; ~ ~ , .sir. .:.,1 cS~ t l.i,;) ,..:....,1'½J_,...i.;..4 oj l..i [Link])!.I '-, ~y 4 :Ce , /1 ~

h = ~ = Vtt, m
I'
 =~)~ -' ci} fa ;~ iSlJ.J? 0:-4j LSl.r. I; Ce 'l.5~~4 ~~ '½,-Jk.o LSl.r. ~1.r.~ ,.) ).) )} ~ J>b 0lo:,;;.L c.s9~ jl
h •Ir} = max
Ce = max { /Y, •/Y(\r)
0 V,o •/r} = max {•IV, •Ir\}= •/V
• { •IV, •/V(\r) •

. =~)~ , [Link] ..:.:........)'½ • ~ ~ Y-, -9' js:..:, ) o.)lA;..,.,I 4.)4 '½ ~ ~-' LSl.r. (CP) i?.")> ;l!..s ~_ya :CP ~
0

H \0
D =~=\10>\ ⇒ CP =-•10

p =\x _/r\ix /Vx(-•!O)x\'=-•/'fi kN/m'(

0 0

J..a..-;.o jl...il~ ~~})~~I ji.S.,__.)°j _r..j .r...)lio JI ~.rl~ ~ }!.~ ~ ;.) ~t.....,;~ r4 J.) t,il, jl...il~ o ~ . ) ~-~.)JI, ~_;Jj 1.5,~ -Y'

(.~4Lr° \ .. kN 4.r.1.r. wi wJ,, o.)~ ,.,;.s ~

\
0 0
kN ('f it:, kN Ci 'f kN (\'
O
e:,. kN (\
=~,-:,lS'° '4-'bt.o _r..j u ;,-..:,'½ 0lo.:..>L '½ ~WI ul..J::J ).) .J)j ~~ LS,~ •r}-J ~1.r.., r A O O
).[Link]::....,l A- r ~ <...r'L,l.r. 1J;i. Q
.)

Fp =ABPJWP

u J ).r-9 .)4j ~ LS.r..-¼P 4 ~ ) . ) j,!~ k .r A•• .)).[Link]::....,l , ..:.:.......~ '½ ~,; 4 , ..:.:.......1 ciJ )} j,!~ ~ ;.) 0 1..o.::..:>L. ~1
A = •lit:, :~l.r.~ ,...:.....,I
-~4l5'° , .r.l.r. r A O O
~).[Link]::....,I V J,~ ) o.)li:....I 4 BP ~_ya
I= \l'f . : ~ ;.) , ci J )} .)4j ~ ~ I 4o,J J~ 01..o.::..:>L. ~I ,0Lo:,;;.L. LS_r.)S '½ ~,; 4
FP =ABPJWP =•liOx\x\1'fx\••='fO..kN

~~,~xi~~ jl ~rl.l! ( a ) ~ J.) .,1.)~ ~ .r. .)4 ;1 .)-'"° J.) -f

I·
....:.....,I i.?-";I.> ).::..s ~ o),;-oJb ( \
....:.....,I i.?-";I.> J-_:S ~ o)~ ('I" I
·' .-. < L- )L.:J ~
.~L• ..?-")b i..r---' · c - , f' L. ----:::,
...:.....,I i...r-" . - .t._.,I·) ~. cC.....,. (i
....:.....,I i.?-";b J,-.:.5 .::..;,J ,) jl ~ _, i.?-" ;I.> ;L.3 ~ 0 1) ~ (f

l-1 ,...L..:,4 .i.;__:.b ).r-9 ;l..:,j ~ 4 _,J5..o ~ .[Link].S° .)4 '½ 5; ci} )} r4 ,).)~ ~ <½,lj '½ ~,; 4 ,).)~ LSlA,1..AA...J ;.) ,. \--::;: o
~y, LY--1 '½ ~ i 4 .(..:.:.......l JS-o u;,-..:, '½ 0) ~ J l.55; .)4 }I).)).))} J...!S ~ 0) ~ •r4 <½,lj '½ ~i 05--½ ,.)4 '½ ~- r4 ~ I
I

(f) ~}'5 ..>.......:,4 ~ b ).r-9 i..r=,S 4 ;l..:,j ~ r4 ..:.......I~ ,.)4 J?j5 ~ 5 (a) cJ.914 ).)~ ~ <½5lj '½ ~i 4 ,(a) ..:.-.....J J.) I
I

er> 0 ,::-....i , , ra.. r ~1.H5 0 1.:...:..>L, ~ ul;fa ~ ~ ) wi.11 ..:.-.....J r-, •-r ~ ).) .)~y, J5~ '½ ~ s ).) LSl.r. ...:.....,I ~
,.., - ~ ~i (r E) 5 II
I

• _, ojL...i _;_;.o wJ,, o.)~ ~l-> ~ j _, ~ ~ ,..S'ls:.b••~11.S-'J .bAs .~_;Jj jl ~U i.,YJ~ .r.1.r. J.) w~l '-:N..~ J.F,S' 1.5l_r. '-:-'I~~~~
I
-0
_, r i.,YJ:r,;J .r.1.r. J.) w~I '-:N..~ ,•l'f ~ j _, csl J ' ~ I ~-~ .,!I .~1 o.)j ~ ui~#. r••• .)_,~ lJ <r,u.o I.S-'~ ~~ 1.5l_r.) ~
I
~~, o.)~ J ~ o~ ~} ~_;Jj ~~ ~4,.-,~ ~1.r. 4 1.5.)~x .~4 d~Af 0..0 ~_;Jj ~~ 1.S,~ I
I •
'½,iiJ ,,, i (i '½,iG •IVY(\'
I
I
•-:I l .) Lio •
F.S. = ...rr .r. .r.; f'-' ,s5,r.:J
..s.r" ,s,~ ·•.
• :4 ..:.......I .r.1.r. _,~ ~I ....::......,1 o~ ciJ fa ;.) ~;J .r.1.r. ;~ [Link] LS5~ 01~'½ 0-=-° j 5 ~- 0=-1 ~ts:[Link] LS_,~ ,~l;,w ~I ;~
~~l LS.9~ = ..S~I ~~ x ojl.. 0.J.9 = •/'f W
Syc-o LS.9~ = V

F.S.= ~~1,s,r-i = •l'fW =\' ⇒ \'V =•!'fW

"'1)j)~l.i,s_,r-,i V
r v =. 1'f x r. . . ⇒ v =, r ... kN
:--½_11.S° ..:.:......,.)'½ _r..j ~I;) o.)Li::.....,I 4 ~~ LS.9~ 'f'}-J ~1.r.., r A•.• .)).[Link]::....,I (\ •-r) ~I;'½ ~i 4 l

Fi =•!•VxTV ⇒ T = •l•VxV = •/oVx\\'•o =\!\isec

F, '\t:,
.j
 \ .. 111 \ ' , ..\ m v ,\..'\ ,u

.c:.-,J ~ 0") ~;! ~J)'! t.;,

~ _ ·< L· -·\ - - . 1~ ~l., -1~ ~ I; (r)
-~
d-- ~--
Yl.::'l:,. .,.J
.._ ., u:r- . ~ -~ ....;:-.ilil.S"4 r-i ~~ }' ...S...S
.._....... ,
r 1·- 4 ~, J> 0,~ 4.1 W P'½ :cJJ~,.,
_

•16111 .)4 IS;l.>J";4 ..);I.) ;l.,.s [Link] IS~ ~ jl ~..,L> ;.) ~Ui.o ~
J.) ~~ o.)I.) wt..:,.; ~L.. , -A
IS~ ~_; jl ~'°t..u ~lh. o ~4 c?-"'° fi--o
J-? i:.:ii~M ~..> -? ~Lw ~, ojl.w cs>';b c.5IJ-?
(JI~ ~IHq }
<i( ~ pJ~ .)4 ~ , - 0 _,jl jl}
~4 J-?_j
H 111

.,n,k N/m t •tt•rkN/111 ,(n,k N/m t ,,, 0 ,kNJ111t

.1
(, . I
I
(\

• ti \ ti kN I ~ ( 6 r I, ,VIn1'
(~1
•.'fWkN/111•
• "fwkN/111• 0
,,.-rkN/J,1°

('f
(,

P =lw qCe CpC g

q = tf \, kN Im t
0

~~ ' ce...:.b )} ' [Link] ..~F o,}

).) ~ c.5lA>0Lo,:;..:;.Lw · ~ ~
" - \-r ' \- \-r J,1 ~ .y.l.h.o : lw ,.)4 .,4 ~ , ~~ ~
Iw = \
,
-~4l54 \ r.1.r. 4-il .)4 }~ ~ I
~1.r. J c.S ~ tl....A;) • ~ ~ l::J-\ 0
-F' ~ ~Lb.o ,( ~': < •tt:,) ~4LS"4 ~ r t,S- 0'-4;_:;.L.., ~I'
0
½ d.:>:i 4 :1.5_&~4 ~~ ~
-\ o /t:,
a= tan - = 'f /Vf
0
⇒ h = max {f , t:,} =
f f m

Ce =ma x{•!' \,(.!! __)" '"}= max {•IC\

\.
, (__c_Y'"} = •/0,.
\ 0

4 ..)..ilo...\...:> ~I) ~;::. l::J t O

<½.5'_; _, 'f t; \ c:: ~ c.51.r. CPCg •'-;-'-J..I~ ,wJI
c.S ) ~;4 c.5l_y. • ~ ~ , - \ o -r ~ ;.) : C P Cg ~~ ~ -

~ = \ x •tr\ , x • 10,. x tV t:, = t'f \, kN =~; b ~ " ° \Y--1 '½ d.:>:i

O
i m" (}-t i)
0

P,. =\x /f\'f x 1C\ x(-\ /'f)= - /V\Y kNlm

0 0
" (J-5-,o) 0

P, = \ x •, r \, x • 1'\ x (- IV) = - •1,Ar kN

0
/ m'< (J-5-,o)
P't =\X •lf\' fx 1'\x (- Jt:,C i)=- •lf•' f kNl
0 0
m" ( ~ )
 Basic Load Cases
Diagrams

14E 1

, • <
..,.....:, ).. r..:>

~t
lrltttJ'b,su,,;;~-
rRccl/[Link]

Load Case 1 Load Case 2

Notation
a= 10% of least horizontal dimension or 0.4 h,whichever is smaller, but not less than
either 4% of least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
EXCEPTION: For buildings with 0 = 0 to 7° and a least horizontal dimension greater
than 300 ft (90 m), dimension a shall be limited to a maximum of 0.8 h.
h =Mean roof height, ft (m), except that eave height shall be used for es I0°.
8 = Angle of plane of roof from horizontal, in degrees.

Load Case 1

Building Surface
Roof Angle0 1 2 3 4 lE 2E 3E 4E
(degrees)
0-5 0.40 -0.69 -0.37 - 0.29 0.61 - 1.07 -0.53 -0.43
20 0.53 - 0.69 - 0.48 - 0.43 0.80 - 1.07 - 0.69 -0.64
30-45 0.56 0.21 - 0.43 - 0.37 0.69 0.27 - 0.53 - 0.48
90 0.56 0.56 - 0.37 - 0.37 0.69 0.69 - 0.48 - 0.48

Load Case2

Roof Building Surface

Angle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 lE 2E 3E 4E SE 6E
(degrees)
0-90 - 0.45 - 0.69 - 0.37 -0.45 0.40 - 0.29 - 0.48 - 1.07 - 0.53 - 0.48 0.61 -0.43
Notes
I. Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
2. For values of 0 other than those shown, linear interpolation is permitted.

Figure 28.3-1. Basic load cases for main wind force resisting system [h::;:; 60 ft (h ::,; 18.3 m)]: external pressure coefficients,
(GCp 1), for enclosed, partially enclosed, and partially open buildings-low-rise walls and roofs.

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures 295