Inheritance Worksheet
Fill in the Blanks
1. The transmission of genetic features from one generation to the next is known as _______.
2. Each chromosome consists of DNA and _______.
3. Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes in body cells.
4. The total number of chromosomes in a human body cell is _______.
5. The order of _______ in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
6. A gene is a sequence of _______ nucleotides.
7. The daughter cells produced by mitosis are genetically _______ to the parent cell.
8. _______ is the type of cell division that results in four haploid cells.
9. An allele is a version of a _______.
10. The dominant allele is always shown as a _______ letter.
11. The ABO blood group system is an example of _______.
12. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is _______ compared to the parent cell.
13. The structure in the chromosome where genes are located is called the _______.
14. Proteins are made up of _______ linked by peptide bonds.
15. A pedigree diagram is used to show how _______ are inherited in families.
16. Antibodies are produced by _______ blood cells.
17. The _______ is the basic unit of inheritance for specific traits.
18. In humans, the sex chromosomes are ___ and ___.
19. Codominance occurs when _______ alleles are expressed and neither is dominant.
20. The active site of an enzyme has a _______ shape to the substrate.
Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks)
1. How many chromosomes does a human egg cell contain?
o A) 23
o B) 46
o C) 64
o D) 48
2. Which molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes?
o A) Protein
o B) mRNA
o C) tRNA
o D) Enzyme
3. Chromosomes are mainly made up of:
o A) Fat and sugar
o B) DNA and protein
o C) RNA and enzyme
o D) Carbohydrate
4. Which process results in daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell?
o A) Binary fission
o B) Mitosis
o C) Meiosis
o D) Cytokinesis
5. In a pedigree diagram, a filled circle usually represents:
o A) Male
o B) Female with condition
o C) Male with condition
o D) Female
6. The sequence of three DNA bases that codes for an amino acid is called a:
o A) Triplet
o B) Codon
o C) Allele
o D) Chromosome
7. Which structure in the cell contains the genetic material?
o A) Cytoplasm
o B) Nucleus
o C) Ribosome
o D) Mitochondria
8. How many different amino acids commonly exist in proteins?
o A) 4
o B) 10
o C) 20
o D) 100,000
9. Which blood group gene is recessive to both IA and IB?
o A) IO
o B) IB
o C) IA
o D) AB
10. The diploid number of fruit fly chromosomes is:
o A) 12
o B) 48
o C) 8
o D) 64
11. Which of the following is a sex-linked trait?
o A) ABO blood group
o B) Red-green colour blindness
o C) Blood pressure
o D) Height
12. The place on a chromosome where a gene is found is called:
o A) Locus
o B) Codon
o C) Site
o D) Arm
13. Which cell division is responsible for the growth and repair in animals?
o A) Mitosis
o B) Meiosis
o C) Fusion
o D) Duplication
14. When both alleles in a gene pair are the same, the individual is:
o A) Heterozygous
o B) Homologous
o C) Homozygous
o D) Dominant
15. Carrier proteins in membranes help transport:
o A) Genes
o B) Water and solutes
o C) Blood cells
o D) DNA
16. The process by which gametes are formed involves:
o A) Mitosis only
o B) Meiosis only
o C) Protein synthesis
o D) Both mitosis and meiosis
17. Which of the following is NOT a component of the DNA molecule?
o A) Phosphate
o B) Sugar
o C) Amino acid
o D) Base
18. In mitosis, the chromosome number in daughter cells:
o A) Doubles
o B) Halves
o C) Remains the same
o D) Becomes zero
19. A gene that codes for a single protein is a segment of:
o A) mRNA
o B) DNA
o C) Enzyme
o D) Chromosome only
20. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its:
o A) Function and shape
o B) Colour
o C) Location
o D) Length only
Short Answer Questions (10 marks)
1. Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their significance.
2. Describe what is meant by the term “codominance” and give an example from plants or blood groups.
3. State the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and alleles.
4. Outline the steps of protein synthesis from DNA to the formation of a protein.
5. How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
6. What role does the active site of an enzyme play in biochemical reactions?
7. Describe how sex is determined in humans using chromosomes.
8. Distinguish between dominant and recessive alleles with an example.
9. How does a pedigree diagram help in understanding inheritance?
10. Why is the genetic code described as universal? Briefly explain.