Econ
1) a: What is a manufacturer of products doing when they make products engineered with
"planned obsolescence"?
b: Why does the manufacturer do this (what is their underlying motive in doing this)?
c: What was the electronic "planned obsolescence" example given from lecture that is now
currently the subject of a lawsuit?
2) a: What are "property rights"?
b: Explain why property rights are so important (in other words, if you don't have them, what
sort of relationship does that put you in with those that DO have them?).
c: Name the two places in the Constitution (from lecture) where your property rights are
protected
3) Tell whether the following are in the public or private sector simply by putting "public" or
"private" next to the term (no essay required).
a: Taft Union High School-
b: West Kern Water District-
c: Albertsons-
d: Taft Police Department-
e: Any church in Taft-
4) a: Why are many social welfare programs called "redistribution programs" (explain how the
"redistributing" is taking place)?
b: Explain the three big changes (from lecture) that made TANF so different than AFDC.
c: Give the example of the "In-Kind Benefit" from lecture.
1a.) The manufacturer creates/produces a product with the intentions of it becoming outdated or
breaking down.
b.) The manufacturer does this so that consumers will buy the better, newer product in the
future that is going to be created by the same manufacturer. This will keep consumers coming
back and the manufacturer is able continuously sell a product.
c.) Apple iPhones were the examples given because Apple is currently being sued for planned
obsolescence as many people believe that Apple's new updates slow down past versions of the
phone so that people will buy the new ones.
2a.) Property rights are the rights of the people to control their possessions and use them as
they wish.
b.) Property rights are important because if a person does not have them and they still need a
place to live, they are owned by the person that owns the property they live on and have to pay
them, also known as rent.
c.) The constitution states that no one can be deprived of their property without due process. 5th
and 14th amendment.
3a.) Taft Union High School - Public
West Kern Water District - Private
Albertsons - Private
Taft Police Department - Public
Any Church - Private
4a.) Welfare programs are known as redistribution programs because the government
redistributes the peoples taxes to the others in need.
b.) TANF is different from AFDC in the ways it has a time limit of 5 years in a lifetime, it required
you to be doing some sort of training to go out into the work force, and the federal govt. gives
the check to the states in the form of a grant rather than straight to the people.
c.) In-kind benefits could be food stamps which is government money used to provide food for
the poor.
Summary: Planned obsolescence is the creation of a product knowing it is going to be out-dated
so that the manufacturer can make a new, better product later. Property rights give people the
right to do as they wish with their own property. The other types of programs are called in-kind
benefits and they give people free or reduced services.
Anatomy
The Endocrine System
● Second controlling system of the body
○ Nervous system is the fast-control system
● Uses chemical messengers (hormones) that are released into the blood
● Hormones control several major processes
○ Reproduction
○ Growth and development
○ Mobilization of body defenses
○ Maintenance of much of homeostasis
○ Regulation of metabolism
Hormone Overview
● Hormones are produced by specialized cells
● Cells secrete hormones into extracellular fluids
● Blood transfers hormones to target sites
● These hormones regulate the activity of other cells
The Chemistry of Hormones
● Hormones are classified chemically as
○ Amino acid–based, which includes
■ Proteins
■ Peptides
■ Amines
○ Steroids—made from cholesterol
○ Prostaglandins—made from highly active lipids
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
● Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs (target cells or target organs)
● Target cells must have specific protein receptors
● Hormone-binding alters cellular activity
Effects Caused by Hormones
● Changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state
● Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes
● Activation or inactivation of enzymes
● Stimulation of mitosis
● Promotion of secretory activity
Summary: The endocrine system is the second controlling system of the body. Hormones are
produced by specialized cells. Hormones only affect tissue and organs.
English
1. Is it you that’s the cringing coward after all?
Is it you that's the singing siren?
2. Fair fanning tresses enveloped the fighting man’s shoulders . . .
Deep darkness hid the riding rebels.
3. Where many a bell tinkled brightly, all burnished gold . . .
The young perishable, yet prickly peach.
4. He lowered his grisly eyebrows, glistening green . . .
The car had carried many, all in a caravan
1. After the Green Knight addresses King Arthur and his knights, King Arthur says,
“By heaven, sir, your request is strange.” What is the Green Knights request?
The Green Knight wants a "little Christmas game," in which a man of Arthur's court can strike
him on his bare neck with an ax, and in return, in a year and a day, the ax blow would be repaid.
2. When Sir Gawain compares himself to the other knights of King Arthur’s court,
how does he describe himself?
Sir Gawain says he is the weakest and the feeblest of wit, or intelligence. He adds that the
only reason he has any honor or virtue is because Arthur is his uncle.
3. Describe what happens at King Arthur’s court that shows the Green Knight’s
superhuman qualities.
When Sir Gawain beheads the Green Knight, the knight doesn't falter but picks up his head,
gets on his horse, speaks to Sir Gawain, and rides away.
4. How does Sir Gawain get the green sash? What is special about it?
While seeking the Green Knight, Sir Gawain comes to a castle. The lord of the castle leaves to
hunt every day, and when he is away, his wife tries to tempt Gawain with gifts, he rejects them
all but the sash, because she claims that when it is looped around a man in battle, it will protect
him from harm.
5. Why does the Green Knight forgive Sir Gawain in the end?
Gawain had secretly accepted the sash. The Green knight forgives him this deceit because
Gawain confesses his cowardice.
Summary: The Green Knight asks to play a christmas game in which he lets a person get a
swing at his head with an ax but he gets to come back for them at a later date. The Green
Knight takes the ax to the head and gets it cut off but he picks it up and leaves the knights.
Gawain admits his faults and the Green Knight forgives him.
AP Calculus
Topic 3.1: The Chain Rule
The chain rule is used to differentiate composite functions such as 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥3 + 2 or 𝑦𝑦 = sin
𝑥𝑥2 . Remember that you create a composite function by “plugging” one function into another
function. The composition of 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 is denoted by 𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 . We can find
the derivative of each separate function by using the rules we’ve learned so far. But, we need
the Chain Rule to find the derivative of two functions “plugged into one another.”
The Chain Rule: If 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are differentiable, then the composite function 𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 is differentiable and 𝑓𝑓′ g 𝑥𝑥 � 𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥)
Leibniz notation will allow us to use “u-substitution.” Let 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑢𝑢) and 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥), notice
that y is a function of u and u is a function of x.
Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) be a continuous and differentiable function on the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 1, and let 𝑔𝑔
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓 4𝑥𝑥 . The table below gives values of 𝑓𝑓′ (𝑥𝑥), the derivative of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥). Find the
value of 𝑔𝑔′ (0.2).
Topic 3.5: Selecting Procedures for Calculating Derivatives
There will be times when you need to find an approximation of the derivative. Typically, this type
of question will be given in the form of a table of values without a specific function. You will need
to identify an appropriate mathematical rule or procedure based on the given data to proceed
successfully.
Let 𝐻𝐻(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 , where the graphs of 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are shown at right. Estimate each
derivative. Justify your analysis algebraically
Summary: The chain rule is used to differentiate composite functions. It allows us to find the
derivative of two functions combined together. The Leibniz notation allows us to use “u-
substitution”.