Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi
MA101 Engineering Mathematics I: Even Semester 2022-23
Tutorial sheet 6: Power series, Taylor and Maclaurin Series
Exercise 1: Find the radius of convergence of the following power series.
1
X X1 1
X 1
X
xn xn 2 (n 1)!
, , xn , xn .
n=1
2n 1 n=1
n4n n=1 n=1
nn
Exercise 2: Find the radius and interval of convergence of the following power series.
1
X X1 X1 X1
( 1)n 3n n(x + 5)n 2n sinn x
xn! , , , .
n=1 n=1
(4n 1)xn n=1
(2n + 1)3 n=1
n2
Exercise 3: Show that
(i)
1
X xn
log(1 + x) = ( 1)n+1 for 1 < x 1.
n=1
n
(ii)
1
X X1
1 x2n+1 ⇡ 1
tan (x) = ( 1)n for 1 < x 1, and derive = ( 1)n .
n=0
2n + 1 4 n=0
2n + 1
(iii)
X1
1
= ( 1)n+1 nxn 1
for 1 < x < 1.
(1 + x)2 n=1
Exercise 4: The function f (x) = sin x is approximated by Taylor’s polynomial of degree three about x = 0.
Find c such that the error satisfies |R3 (x)| 0.001 for all x in the interval [0, c].
Exercise 5: Find the number of terms that must be retained in Taylor’s polynomial approximation about
x = 0 for f (x) = sin x cos x in the interval [0, 1] such that |Error| < 0.0005.
ROC where him
sup
lan""
I:
-
-
Is
or
I:
him
(
. isZ
Here an a
=
-1
all:In- I
↑
...
(!1:l -
2
⑧
RE 1.
=
e.
=
the
is
/ winterest I
-lityl=
e
.. xm
2
an
5 I
=
it M n2
=
otherwise.
:him suplai"=14= 1
=1
liveit!" ->an:
·(al=m:
-o I man
/ lin)" "I
-no
*"
log (ix)
Let but
(n+1).
=
log(xn)
.
Lm
n + 8
b log(
=
in
-in
the
ene
(ix) ()=-1
=
:In ate
if n!
E
I k
927; Is"!as=
=
0 otherwise
-
... (in
sup
lan"= him 1x 1
=
k+ 0
k+ 8
=7 Re
-
diverges for
I
a""cys for (2)<1$
↑
In1>1
-I
When
x= " diverges
u
When a =-1, (-1)"diverges since
n! is even I n2.
is
Them
iteaseinadai
- (it!
=
() 5x =5.
=
:. The series
as if ly) in Ins
Ink
=>
3.
and the series
diverges if lys i.e III
=> In/3
Let
x 3
= = Iann"=I
Ix I
3m
=z(-1.
4n-1
series test, this
By alternating cys. (PA)
Letx =
-
3 = 3 zanar= 5
5
=I - l
4-1
It t his
LCT with implies that
diverges.
(PA)
:The Internal
of egs= ( -
-, -3) U(3,0).
Iaa
iii;
Let 4am
):
-
x5
y
=
+ =
then
tal-L*I
-1x l
I
=
1311 i.e 1n+5/<1
:I an
y" as if
=1(x 5
=>
+
< 1
=>
> x=( -
6, -
4)
I
any diverges ly
if in 1n+511
=>) x=( -
0, -
6)v( -
4,0)
any:
Let
x =
= 4 =
I
-
LT with It -
this series
as (PA)
Let it ease. Its s
a
: Interval
ofconvergence:( -
b, 4] =
live s
2
n1 n
=
Let
y=
since I an =
E
ROC ofEany": Total
=**
== i)( )"
=Ye
if div it 1y13".
:any" as IyY,
sin if Isinalayz
i. I am
es
since Yz
=3 -
I
=>
xe) 4-
,an)
9 I an sin" if
diverges i
t!***, (in
-
if y
=
x => z
any":2xi:Its
x zay 2
Topang)
=
of y
- =
Internal ofconvergence 14x (*- , kx+]
=
:
⑬?i) IS:- log(1+u) E,(-1)
=
↓ kx 1
=
flu):it?" (are
u0
=
Rn(x)
I
=
(n-co) for
bet"
some
is &
a
No.
f(x) log) 2)
=
1 +
fras e s
f"(n):
aim: f(n)(r) ne
=
rust
-
1.
① holds
for :
last
Let us assumethat e
(1+as
In
-
the
IN.
for
all me
:
By PM1, I
holds
· Rul)=
I? t for
bet"
some
0
a
and 2.
1
4+
-Yinutil
*
-(*)
we can write fine: It "if
Rulul-so as n+ 0.
x=[0,2] cx0 1 x,1
= -
it
Cas1 =>
+
int [0,1]
if
I o ne
Rusu) = ->
Case x ( 1,0)
+ -
12 3 x
-7 17 e =>
Rulus-to as n-0.
cass x = -1, Rnt-1) =
is
=(0,1) (1,8)
for some (f(-1,01) => 1c
+ t
=
1 +2
n-0.
was
...Ru(-1)--
Hence
log(1+2) leg(1)
= +
E* vxe(-1.
that
I differentiall
&(ii)
tanx-> show is
flas:
f"(u)=in2
g(x) in
=
grinden
:
g(n)(x) ne
=
n 1
Rulul=17()
+
:.
If ne
[0,1] => Ru(u) -> 0.
&
:g(x) =
am
-E-s for x =(0,
=>
f(ul=El-is"aim -x = ( 1,1)
-
=f(x) 2 (By
"vue(-
=
+1
Th. 9.2.12)
no
Zot diverges
it
and it --
If a =
1, as
2n + 1
tants
El xe(r).
1
-
-
..
:taur1=E
f(x)
&
since
=
sinc
f(x) =
cosx f"(n) =-
↑ "(n) =- cosx fl" (n) sinx.
=
tba for some
· Rz(x) =
bet" 0 $ M.
-nee
IRs(a)1 /snY?
=
:
(Rs(ns1 ts if xY >3
>Im <
(s) c
=
- f(x) sinacoss
=
=
s
f(x)
fl" (n):(1*2""cos2n
cos22
(
=
n-odd
sin 2x
+"(n) =
-
2
"zz""sinze
Is n-even
2" 2n
+"(x) cas
-
=
Hl" (n)=2 sin zu
:(Rn(us)= Intl =
for xe[0.1].
is: E =
Iwo