Mathematics – Basic
Notes
Numbers
●Natural numbers: 1,
2, 3, …
●Whole numbers: 0, 1,
2, 3, …
●Integers: … −2, −1, 0,
1, 2, …
●Fractions: numbers
written as a/b
●Decimals: numbers
with a decimal point
●Percentages: parts
per hundred (%)
Factors and Multiples
●Factor: a number that
divides exactly
●Multiple: result of
multiplying a number
●Prime number: has
only two factors (1 and
itself)
Fractions
●Proper fraction:
numerator <
denominator
●Improper fraction:
numerator ≥
denominator
●Mixed number: whole
number and a fraction
Decimals
●Tenths, hundredths,
thousandths
●Can be converted to
fractions and
percentages
Percentages
●Percentage = part ÷
whole × 100
●Used to compare
quantities
Ratio and Proportion
●Ratio: comparison of
quantities
●Proportion: equality of
two ratios
Algebra
●Variable: letter
representing a number
●Expression:
combination of numbers
and letters
●Equation: expression
with an equals sign
Simplifying Expressions
●Like terms can be
combined
●Example: 2x + 3x = 5x
Linear Equations
●Equation with highest
power of variable = 1
●Solved by rearranging
the equation
Geometry
●Point – exact position
●Line – straight path
●Plane – flat surface
Angles
●Acute: < 90°
●Right: 90°
●Obtuse: > 90° and <
180°
●Straight: 180°
Perimeter and Area
●Perimeter: distance
around a shape
●Area: space inside a
shape
Volume
●Volume is the space
occupied by a solid.
●Measured in cubic
units
Data Handling
●Data can be collected
and organized.
●Mean, median, mode
are averages.
Probability
●Probability = number of
favorable outcomes ÷
total outcomes
●Values range from 0 to
1