Mrs. D. Shamini Msc., [Link].
P.G Assistant,
KABD School (CBSE) Senior Secondary, Painkulam.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled " TO STUDY ON
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS
AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" is an authentic record of research work
carried out by [Link],-under my supervision and guidance in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the internal assessment
for Chemistry KABD School in Grade XII Submitted to the KABD School (CBSE)
Senior Secondary, Painkulam.
Place: Painkulam
Date: Signature of guidance teacher
Signature of Principal External Examiner
Mrs. D. Shamini Msc., [Link].
P.G Assistant,
KABD School (CBSE) Senior Secondary, Painkulam.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitle " To Study on Qualitative
Analysis of Different Brands of Cold Drinks Available in the Market"
is an authentic record of research work carried out by [Link],under my
supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
completion of the internal assessment for Chemistry KABD School in Grade XII
Submitted to the KABD School (CBSE) Senior Secondary, Painkulam.
Place: Painkulam
Date: Signature of guidance teacher
Signature of Principal External Examiner
Mrs. D. Shamini Msc., [Link].,
P.G Assistant,
KABD SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, PAINKULAM.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitle " TO STUDY ON
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS
AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" is an authentic record of research work
carried out by done by Rahul Nadar, under my supervision and guidance in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the internal
assessment for Chemistry KABD School in Grade XII Submitted to the KABD
SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, PAINKULAM.
Place: Painkulam
Date: Signature of guidance teacher
Signature of Principal External Examiner
DECLARATION
I, [Link], hereby declare that this project entitled " TO
STUDY ON QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" submitted to the
KABD SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the completion of the internal assessment for
Chemistry in Grade XII, is bona fide research work done by me under the
supervision and guidance of Mrs. D. Shamini [Link].,[Link]. Department of
Chemistry, KABD School (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, PAINKULAM.
DECLARATION
I, [Link], hereby declare that this project entitled " TO
STUDY ON QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" submitted to the
KABD SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the completion of the internal assessment for
Chemistry in Grade XII, is bona fide research work done by me under the
supervision and guidance of Mrs. D. Shamini [Link].,[Link]. Department of
Chemistry, KABD School (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, PAINKULAM.
DECLARATION
I, RAHUL NADAR, hereby declare that this project entitled " TO
STUDY ON QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" submitted to the
KABD SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the completion of the internal assessment for
Chemistry in Grade XII, is bona fide research work done by me under the
supervision and guidance of Mrs. D. Shamini [Link].,[Link]. Department of
Chemistry, KABD School (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, PAINKULAM.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without
mentioning the names of those persons who helped to make it possible. I take
this opportunity to express my gratitude in few words and respect to all those
who helped me in the completion of this project.
First of all I register my sense of gratitude to our beloved principal
[Link] kumar, KABD SCHOOL (CBSE) SENIOR SECONDARY, for his immense
encouragement to carry out this project successfully.
I express my deep regards and thanks to our Chemistry teacher
[Link] for her valuable support, constant help and guidance at each
and every stage, without which this project woułd not have come forth.
My deep sense of gratitude to the librarian the staff for the facilities they
offered in the library.
I would also like to express my love and regards to my parents, teachers,
my friends, and all those who helped me directly and indirectly in the
successful completion of this project work.
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952, but the Indianization of industry
Gold Spot Parle marked its beginning with launching of Limca and Gold Spot by
Parle group of companies. Since the beginning of cold drink was highly
profitable and lucrative, many multinational companies launched their brands
in India like Pepsi and Coca-Cola.
Nowadays, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed
Sprite, Mirinda, and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thums
Up to activate pulse and brain.
Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates,
carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is
responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which
is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally
occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is CX(H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecular size, carbohydrates are classified as
monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H1206. It occurs in Free State in the ripen
grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood
to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in
our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature, in juices, seeds and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20% sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17% sucrose. The
molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22011. It is produced by a mixture of
fructose glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be
measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depends upon the
acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
AIM
To perform a comparative study and qualitative analysis of different
brands of cold drinks available in the market.
Purpose
In recent days, soft drink brands were questioned regarding their purity.
News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which aroused much
interest in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years. I
wanted to confirm that whether the charges imposed on these brands are true
or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch
with qualitative analysis whose knowledge with other factors helped me to do
so.
APPARATUS
o Test tube
o Test tube holder
o Test tube stand
o Stop watch
o Beaker
o Burner pH paper tripod stand
o China dish
o Wire gauge
o Water bath
DETECTION OF PH
Experiment:
1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and put
on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with the standard scale.
OBSERVATION:
[Link] Name of Drink Colour Change pH value
1. Pepsi Pink 1-2
2. Tropicana Orange 3
3. Limca Pinkish 3-4
4. Red Bull Light Drink 2-3
Inferencе:
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
The phosphoric [Link] pH values of cold drink of different brands are
different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
Experiment:
As soon as the bottle were opened. One by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
Sl.N Name of Drink Time taken Conclusion
o
1. Pepsi 26.5 CO2 is present
2. Tropicana 21 CO2 is present
3. Limca 35 CO2 is present
4. Red Bull 36 CO2 is present
Chemical Reaction involved:
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2(g) →CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Glucose is a reducing sugar. Its presence is detected by the following test.
1. BENEDICT'S SOLUTION TEST:
A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Benedict's reagent were added. The test tube
was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirms the
presence of glucose in cold drinks.
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
1. Pepsi Reddish Colour Glucose present
2. Tropicana Reddish Colour Glucose present
3. Limca Reddish Colour Glucose present
4. Red Bull Reddish Colour Glucose present
2. FEHLING'S SOLUTION TEST:
A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Fehling's A solution and Fehling's B solution was
added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10
minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirms the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
1. Pepsi Reddish Brown Glucose present
Precipitate
2. Tropicana Reddish Brown Glucose present
Precipitate
3. Limba Reddish Brown Glucose present
Precipitate
4. Red Bull Reddish Brown Glucose present
Precipitate
Inference:
All the samples give positive test for glucose with Fehling's solutions (A
&B). Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE:
Sample of each brand of cold drink was taken in a separate test tube
and ammonium molybdate followed by concentrated nitric acid (HNO 3) was
added to it, the solution was heated and the colour of the precipitate confirms
the presence of phosphate ions.
Sl.N Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
o
1. Pepsi Canary-Yellow Phosphate is present
Precipitate
2. Tropicana Canary-Yellow Phosphate is present
Precipitate
3. Limca Canary-Yellow Phosphate is present
Precipitate
4. Red Bull Canary-Yellow Phosphate is present
Precipitate
Inference:
All the soft drinks contained phosphate ions which are detected by the
formation of canary yellow precipitate.
Chemical Reaction Involved:
NaHPO4+12(NH4)2MoO4+21HNO3+3H→(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3+21HN4NO3+12H2)
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test tube and
iodine followed by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is
added to each test tube. Then the test tubes are heated in hot water bath for
30 minutes yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in
cold drinks.
Observation:
Sl.N Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
o
1. Pepsi Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
2. Tropicana Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
3. Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
4. Red Bull Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
Chemical reaction involved:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks was taken in a china dish and
heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left confirms
the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
Observation:
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Conclusion
1. Pepsi Black Residue Sucrose is present
2. Tropicana Black Residue Sucrose is present
3. Limca Black Residue Sucrose is present
4. Red Bull Black Residue Sucrose is present
Inference:
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose
varies in each brand of drink
Result:
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands
of cold drinks contained almost the same constituents. All brands contained
CO2. glucose, phosphate, alcohol & sucrose.
CONCLUSION:
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause “diabetes".
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body's
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful
for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain "phosphoric acid" which has a pH of 2.8. So
they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the hazardous matter plac cards reserved for highly corrosive
material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very
harmful
to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent 'detergent' to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Laboratory manual of chemistry
• Google
• Wikipedia
•Chemistry 12th text book