Chapter 2
Feedback in Communication Cycle – Notes
1. Introduction
Communication = Process of sharing information, ideas, thoughts, opinions
between two/more persons through mutually understood language, signs,
symbols, gestures. Builds relationships, promotes love, familiarity.
2.1 Communication Cycle
Definition: Cyclic process where a message flows from sender → receiver →
feedback to sender.
Steps in Communication Cycle:
1. Sender: Generates the idea/message.
2. Message: Information sender wants to convey.
3. Encoding: Converting message into spoken/written language.
4. Channel: Medium used to send the message (e.g., phone, email).
5. Receiver: Person/entity receiving the message.
6. Decoding: Receiver interprets the message.
7. Feedback: Receiver’s reply to sender.
Importance: Ensures encoding & decoding are correct, avoids
misunderstanding.
2.2 Meaning of Feedback
Feedback: Response/reaction of receiver to sender after understanding
message.
Can be positive (agreement, encouragement) or negative (suggests change).
If no feedback: sender assumes acceptance or reluctance.
2.2.1 Significance of Effective Feedback
1. Problem-Solving: Helps resolve disagreements and improve receiver’s
behaviour.
2. Connectivity: Builds belongingness; values opinions.
3. Effective Listening: Encourages re-analysis and message correlation.
4. Motivation: Guides towards goals; improves standards.
5. Continued Learning: Prevents distraction; focuses on improvement areas.
6. Self-awareness: Improves self-knowledge and monitoring.
2.2.2 Types of Feedback
A. Descriptive Feedback
Gives specific info (written/verbal) on how to improve.
Should be clear, concise, positive, easy to understand.
Provide strategies, timely & continuous input.
Avoid personal comments.
B. Oral Feedback
Given verbally during a task.
Less formal, instant, in "teachable moments".
C. Written Feedback
Formal record after task completion.
Balances evaluation with guidance.
Helps reflection & improvement.
2.2.3 Specific vs Non-Specific Feedback
Specific Feedback: Detailed, points out exactly what was done well/poorly.
Example: “Your introduction was clear and engaging.”
Non-Specific Feedback: General, lacks detail.
Example: “Good job.”
Making Feedback Constructive
1. Give feedback only if constructive.
2. Focus on description, not judgement.
3. Focus on observation, not assumption.
4. Focus on behaviour, not the person.
Summary:
Feedback is an essential part of the communication cycle, ensuring clarity,
improvement, and relationship-building. Effective feedback is specific,
constructive, timely, and helps in personal and professional growth.