ME-103: Engineering Thermodynamics
End-term examination (Online), Odd Sem, 2020-21
Duration: 8 am, 11.03.2021 to 8 am 12.03.2021
Q1. A piston cylinder arrangement with two stops is shown schematically inthe adjoining
figure. Initially, water with quality 70% is contained in the cylinder. Heat is added to the
cylinder continuously. The piston begins to move at water quality of 80% and temperature
of 1200C andhitsthe top stop when water quality reaches 100%. Further heat is added to
make the water superheated.
(a) Plot the entire process in a P-v diagram, clearly showing the vapour dome and
indicating all the steps described above.
(b) Find the ratio of heights (H2/H1).
(c) What is the specific heat required for the process where water quality is changing from
80% to 100%.
Refer to the required property tables of water from any standard reference. [6 marks]
Q2. (a) 0.5 Kg of water at 800C is mixed with 0.3 kg of water at 200C. What is the change in
entropy [assume, specific heat constant of water as a constant and is equal to 4182 J/kg0C]
[2 marks]
(b) What is the change in entropy if 1 gram of ice at 0oC is heated to 500C?
[assume, specific heat of water as a constant and is equal to 4182 J/kg0C. The enthalpy of
fusion is 335 kJ/kg] [2 marks]
(c) An aluminium can of 0.1 kg was lying under the sun (whole day) at a temperature of
800C. Someone throws the can into the sea which is at a temperatureof 200C (polluting
it, of course). So, what is the change of entropy of the universe?
[assume, specific heat constant of aluminium as a constant and is equal to 890 J/kg0C].
[2 marks]
Q3. (a) Steam at 9 MPa and 500°C enters a two-stage adiabaticturbine at a rate of 15 kg/s. Ten
percent of the steam isextracted at the end of the first stage at a pressure of 1.4 MPafor
other use. The remainder of the steam is further expandedin the second stage and leaves
the turbine at 50 kPa. If theturbine has an isentropic efficiency of 91 percent, determinethe
wasted power potential during this process as a result of irreversibilities. Assume the
surroundings to be at 25°C. [3 Marks]
Given: at P2 = 1.4 MPa, h2s = 2882.4 kJ/kg
Use saturated, superheated, water (pressure) tables for other properties, as appropriate.
(b) Consider a solar-pond power plant that operates on aRankine cycle with refrigerant-
134a as the workingfluid. The refrigerant enters the turbine as a saturatedvapor at 1.4 MPa
and leaves at 0.7 MPa. The isotropic efficiency of turbine is 90%. The refrigerant enters a
pump (ideal) as saturated liquid after condensation. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant
is 3 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagramwith respect to saturation lines, and determine
the thermalefficiency of the cycle.
[Given: the properties of refrigerant-134a are to be taken from Cengel [3 Marks]
Q4. (a) In air refrigeration cycle, the air is drawn into the compressor at pressure of 1.03 bar
and temperature of 12⁰C. After non-isentropic compression to 3.3 bar and 125oC, the air
is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 40⁰C. Air is then expanded in turbine to
1.1 bar pressure with isentropic efficiency of 90%. Air flow rate at the compressor inlet is
10 m3/min. Determine: (i) compressor isentropic efficiency, (ii) net power consumption,
(iii) refrigerator capacity and (iv) C.O.P. [3 Marks]
(b) For a simple R134a refrigeration system, condenser temperature is 35oC, evaporator
temperature is –10oC, compressor efficiency is 0.8 and mass flow rate is 6.961 kg/min.
Find discharge temperature, evaporator inlet entropy, COP, cooling capacity, compressor
power and heat [Link] this system operates between the heat source and heat sink
temperatures of –5oC and 25oC, respectively, calculate second law efficiency. If isentropic
expansion is used instead of isenthalpic expansion, then what will be the cooling capacity?
[3 Marks]
[Given: the properties of refrigerant-134a are to be taken from Cengel]
Q5. (a) A stationary gas turbine power plant operates on the Brayton cycle and delivers 20
MW to an electric generator. The maximum temperature is 1200 K and the minimum 290
K. The minimum pressure is 95 kPa and the maximum 380 kPa. Determine the power
output of the turbine, the fraction of the output of the turbine used to drive the compressor,
the mass flow rate of air to the compressor and the volume flow rate to the compressor.
[3 Marks]
(b) In an air standard Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15. Compression begins at 0.1
MPa, 400 C. The heat added is 1.675 MJ/kg. Find the maximum temperature of the cycle,
the work done per kg of air, the cycle efficiency and the mean effective pressure of the
cycle. [3 Marks]