Modifier: যে word বা phrase য ান word বা phrase এর পূর্ব বা
ে পর্র বর্ে তার্ Modify র্র
তার্ Modifier বর্ে.
Modifier োধারণত দুই প্র ার।
েথা:-i) Pre-modifier.
ii) Post-modifier.
Only pre modify/ post modify থা র্ে. . . . .
1. Pre-modify the Noun/ post modify the noun= Adjective
Example:
(a) I try to discover the ......... ( use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) talents of my
students.
Ans: hidden/secret.
(b) It was an .....(pre-modifier the noun) journey.
Ans: excellent.
2. @Pre-modify the adjective/post modify the adective =Adverb
Example:
(a) Mehedi Hasan is…..( Use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) honest among the
students.
Ans: very/extremely
@pre modify the verb/ post modify the verb= adverb
Example :
(a) He is…...(Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) known as a quack.
Ans: well/ often
(b) He went to school …..(post modify the verb).
Ans: Early/ regularly.
@ pre modify the adverb/ post modify the adverb= adverb
Example :
(a) He knows the issue extremely ......(post modify the adverb).
NB: noun এর োমর্নও adverb বের্ত পার্র।
i) The person …… (Use an adverb) is my teacher.
Ans: behind..
ii) Shila has gone to India by ..... (use an adverb) train.
Ans:down
iii) Nilima has realised the …… (use adverb to pre-modify the noun) passage.
Ans: above.
use/ with এর পর্র ো ননর্ত বের্ব তাই ননর্ত হর্ব
3. intensifiers= (absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, rather, really, so, too, totally,
utterly, very, at all.
Example:
i) A village doctor is a.....(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person
in the rural areas of Bangladesh,
Ans: very.
ii) She has….(use an intensifier to pre-modify the verb) offended her sister.
Ans: really
4. Possessive= my, our, your, his, her, its, their, ones, name's
Example:
(a) Laboni has read.....( Use Possessive as Pre-modifier) drama.
Ans: his /Shakespeare's
(b) Jesmin will meet... (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) friend.
Ans: her.
5. quantifiers = much, little, , a great/good/vast/little amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less,
some, adequate, enough many, some, few, a great/good number of, one, two...., all, no,
any,several.
Example:
(a)The man has .....(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money.
Ans: much.
(b) The boy has bought ..... (use quantifier) birds from the New Market.
Ans: two/three.
6. Article= a, an, the
Example:
(i) [Link] possesses all.....(use articles to pre-modify the noun) qualities of a good
teacher.
Ans: the.
ii) Magfur bought……(use determiners as pre-modifier) small boat.
Ans: a
7. Demonstrative: this, that these, those
Example:
(a) we can never forget..... (use a demonstrative to pre modify the adjective phrase)
lovely sea birds.
Ans: those
8. Noun-Adjective= Noun.
i) Some of the students of Palashbari Gov College respect their …… (Use Noun
adjective to pre-modify the noun) teacher.
Ans: English.
ii) We should control our …… (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) problem.
Ans :population.
[Link] phrase = এমন শব্দগুচ্ছ ননর্ত হর্ব োর মর্ধে এ টি preposition থা র্ব.
i) The bird .......(Use prepositional phrase) is very fine.
Ans: on the tree.
ii) The flowers ....... (Use propositional phrase to post- modify the noun) look very
beautiful.
Ans: in my garden.
(iii) The books cater to the needs and interests.....(use a prepositional phrase).
Ans: of the readers.
10. Infinitive/ Infinitive phrase = to+v1/ to+v1+ মপর্ে এ টি শব্দ।
i) My plan …… (Use an infinitive) a car ended in smoke.
Ans: to buy.
ii) He took a decision ......(Use infinitive phrase).
Ans: to help the poor.
11. Use Present participle/ Present participle phrase = V(ing)/ v(ing)+ মপর্ে এ টি
শব্দ।
Example :
(a) Sudipto likes his …(Use present participle phrase).
Ans: reading room.
(b) Bilash stood on the … (Use present participle to pre modify the noun) train.
Ans: running.
@ Use Gerund = v(ing)
12. Use past participle/ past participle phrase= V3/ V3+ মপর্ে এ টি শব্দ.
Example:
(a) Most of the villagers drink … (Use past participle to pre-modify the noun) water.
Ans: polluted / contaminated.
ii) We should respect a ... (use past participle phrase)
Ans: learned man in any situation.
NB: শুধু participle =v(ing).
Perfect participle=having+ v3
[Link]=Articles, Demonstrative, possessive, indefinite (one, word+one,
word+body, word+thing, some, any, none, several, many, much, few, little, all, more,
no), distributive(each, every, either, neither), quantifier(পনরমাণ বা েংখ্ো বাচ যের্ ার্না
শব্দ), cardinal numeral(one, two, three...), ordinal numeral(first, second, third...),
multiplicative numeral(single, double, triple, quadruple, fivefold)
Example:
(i)......(use a numeral Adjective to pre modify the noun) umpires conduct the game. Two
(ii)......(use a distributive pronoun to Pre modify the noun) team consists of eleven
players. Each
(iii)....... (use determiner to pre modify the noun) streets are now his home.
14. Appositive/ noun in apposition = এমন এ টি শব্দগুচ্ছ ননর্ত হর্ব ো দুটি comma এর
মার্ে বর্ে এবং পূববতীে noun েম্পর্ ে এ টি অনতনরক্ত তথে যদয়।
Example:
(a) Sheikh Hasina, ......(Use an appositive to post-modify the noun), is very intelligent.
Ans: the prime minister of Bangladesh.
(b) [Link],..... (Use an appositive), is very rough.
Ans: Principal of this college.
15. Relative clause /Adjective clause=relative pronoun+ এমন এ টি শব্দ গুচ্ছ ননর্ত হর্ব
ো দ্বারা যদাষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, েংখ্ো, পনরমাণ যবাোয়। এ টি antecedent থার্ ।
i) The man …… (Use relative clause) was very greedy.
Ans: who came here.
ii) I bought a mobile phone …… (Use relative clause as post-modifier)
Ans: which was very fine /costy.
16. Noun clause= এমন এ টি শব্দ গুচ্ছ ননর্ত হর্ব ো দ্বারা য ান ন ছুর নাম যবাোয়।
17. adverbial /adverbial phrase =এমন শব্দগুচ্ছ ননর্ত হর্ব ো দ্বারা েময় /জায়গা/ ার্জর
ধরন যবাোর্ব।
Example:
(i) Both teams try...... (use an adverbial phrase to post modify the verb) to out all batters
of the opposite.
Ans: in an extreme manner / heart and soul
(ii)......(use adverbial to pre modify the verb) he finds work. Sometimes
18. Compound as modifiers:
i) My brother has bought a …… (use compounds as pre modifier) machine.
Ans: new-brand.
ii) It is a …… (use compounds to Pre-modify the nouns) idea.
Ans: back-dated
More compound words
Age-old, brand-new, school-going, out-of-order, out-dated, out-of-date, old-fashioned,
back-dated, so-called, far-sighted, long-sighted, first-class, new-born, long-term, short-
term, quickly-done, slowly-passing, multi-colored, multi-storied, cash-paid, newly-
emerged, above-mentioned, well-constructed, well-paid, well-designed, well-known
ইতোনদ প্রচনেত তগুর্ো compound.