That is a crucial question.
Understanding the marking scheme—especially the theory
breakdown—is the single best way to ensure you achieve those A's, as it guides your study
priorities and exam technique.
Here is a well-explained breakdown of how WAEC GCE Mathematics papers are generally
marked, focusing on the weight of each section.
1. Overall Mark Distribution
The final score for Mathematics is a combination of two papers, with a clear percentage split:
Paper Section Mark Weight Total Questions Compulsory/Optio
nal
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 40% of Total Mark Usually 50 Compulsory
(Objective) Questions
Paper 2 (Theory) Essay/Calculations 60% of Total Mark Divided into two Answer a set total
sections (e.g., 10
questions)
Key Takeaway for an A: The Theory paper carries the majority of the weight (60%). To score
an A1 (75% and above), you must perform exceptionally well in both the objective and theory
sections. An A is practically impossible without a strong performance in the Theory paper.
2. Marking of the Objective Paper (Paper 1 - 40%)
This section is marked automatically by a machine, meaning there is no partial credit.
● Scoring: Every correct answer is awarded a set number of marks (e.g., if there are 50
questions, each is worth \frac{40}{50} = 0.8 marks, or simply based on a raw score that is
later scaled to 40%).
● Strategy: Your goal here should be accuracy and speed. Since there's no penalty for
guessing, you should attempt every question, but rely on your practice to get at least
40-45 correct answers to maximize your 40% contribution.
3. Marking of the Theory Paper (Paper 2 - 60%)
This is the most critical part. WAEC uses a Positive Marking System based on steps, which is
where many students miss marks.
A. Structure of the Theory Paper
The theory paper is typically divided into two sections:
● Section A (Compulsory): Usually 5-6 elementary questions covering basic concepts
from various syllabus areas. They are shorter, carry fewer marks per question, and are
MANDATORY.
○ Purpose: To test foundational knowledge.
● Section B (Optional): Usually 8-10 longer, more challenging questions. You are
instructed to answer a specific number of questions from this section (e.g., choose 5 out
of 8). These questions carry more marks individually.
○ Purpose: To test complex application and deep understanding.
B. The Step-by-Step Marking Principle (The Golden Rule)
In the theory paper, marks are awarded for correct working steps, even if your final answer is
wrong (due to a calculation error). This is called the Method Mark (M-mark).
Mark Type Description What It Awards Your Strategy
Method Mark (M) Awarded for using the Points for setting up the ALWAYS write out the
correct formula or problem correctly, even formula/rule you are
procedure relevant to if an arithmetic error using and show the
the question. follows. substitution of values.
Accuracy Mark (A) Awarded for a correct Points for the final, Check your arithmetic
numerical answer correct number (or multiple times. Use
based on the correct intermediate correct your calculator
method. results). correctly.
Special Mark (S) or Awarded for a correct Points for things like Draw neat, clearly
B-Mark (Bookwork) statement of fact, drawing a correct table labelled graphs and
definition, or correct of values for a graph, or diagrams. Label your
graph/diagram. accurately plotting axes!
points.
Example: If a question is worth 12 marks, the distribution might look like this:
\text{M1 (for stating formula)} + \text{M2 (for substitution)} + \text{A1 (for intermediate value)} +
\text{M2 (for final step)} + \text{A1 (for final answer)}
You could lose the final A1 mark due to a simple multiplication error but still score M6 marks for
the method!
Conclusion: How to Maximize Your Mark
1. Prioritize Theory (Paper 2): It accounts for 60%. Never neglect the optional questions in
Section B, as they are your biggest mark earners.
2. Show ALL Working: The most important rule! Do not skip steps. Even if you can do a
calculation in your head, write down the formula, the substitution, and the intermediate
results to earn all the M-marks.
3. Read Instructions Carefully: Ensure you answer the exact number of questions required
in Section B. Answering too many or too few can affect your final grade.
4. Use Past Papers: Use the official WAEC marking schemes from past years to see the
exact mark breakdown per step—this is the best way to train yourself to write for the
examiner.