The Renaissance Academy
Worksheet Maths
Class – IX
Chapter: Statistics
*Read these notes and write in your class work copy.
Introduction
Statistics deals with the collection, organisation, presentation, analysis and interpretation of
data.
Data: Information collected in numerical form.
Types of Data
(i) Raw Data
Raw data is also known as primary data which is available in an unorganised form.
Examples:
Marks of students in a class
Score of players in a cricket match
To draw meaningful inferences, we organise data by:
Arranging data in ascending or descending order
Using frequency distribution tables
Using bar graph, histogram, pie chart etc.
Note:
When data is in large quantity, we arrange the data into grouped data.
Example: Number of family members in a locality
0–2 : 08
2–4 : 20
4–6 : 12
6–8 : 09
8–10 : 05
Range
The difference between the highest and the lowest observation of data is called range of
data.
Frequency
The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its frequency.
Graphical Representation of Data
Showing numerical information in the form of graphs or diagrams. It helps us to
understand, compare and analyse data easily and saves time.
Bar Graph
Pictorial representation of data using bars of equal width. Height of the bar shows the value.
Bars can be vertical or horizontal.
Used for comparing quantities.
Example: Marks of students, number of books, population.
For comparison between two quantities, we use a double bar graph.
Histogram
Similar to bar graph but no gap between bars. It shows continuous data.
Used for grouped data like height, weight, marks range.
Line Graph
Points are plotted and joined by straight lines. It shows change over time.
Used for temperature, rainfall, growth, profit and loss.
Pie Graph
A circle is divided into sectors. Each sector shows a part of the whole.
Total angle of a circle = 360°.
Used for percentage or ratio data.
Example: Monthly expenses, result analysis.
Steps to Draw a Graph
1. Collect the data
2. Choose a suitable graph
3. Draw X-axis and Y-axis
4. Select proper scale
5. Plot the data
6. Give title and labels
7. Mention units