Instruments
Course code : EE 2113
Digital Electronics
Presented By
Amit Kumer Podder
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna-9203
1
Digital Meters
Digital Meters
Digital meters, sometimes called “smart meters” or “advanced
meters,” are devices that automatically record electric use, then
electronically report that information to the utility company at regular
intervals.
Advantages
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
A Digital multimeter or DMM is
a test equipment used for
resistance, voltage, current
measurement and other
electrical parameters as per
requirement and displaying the
results in the mathematical
digits form on an LCD
or LED readout. It is a type
of multimeter which functions
digitally.
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Features of Digital Multimeter
It is light in weight.
Capable of giving more accurate readings.
It measures lots of physical quantities like
voltage, current, resistance, frequency etc.
It is less costly.
It measures different electrical parameters at
high frequencies with the help of special probes.
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Block diagram of Digital multimeter
(ii) Digital Ammeter (DAM):
Digital ammeter uses a shunt resistor to
produce a calibrated voltage proportional
to the current flowing.
(iii) Digital ohm meter (DOM):
A digital ohmmeter is used to measure
electrical resistance which obstructs the path
to the flow of current.
(i) Digital voltmeter (DVM):
Digital voltmeter is the basic instrument used
for measurement of voltage through the use of
Analog to Digital converter.
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Working Principle of Digital Multimeter
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Working Principle of Digital Multimeter
As shown in block diagram, in a typical Digital multimeter the input signal i.e ac
or dc voltage, current, resistance, temperature or any other parameter is
converted to dc voltage within the range of the ADC. The analog to digital
converter then converts the pre-scaled dc voltage into its equivalent digital
numbers which will be displayed on the display unit. Sometimes, digital
controller block is implemented with a microcontroller or a microprocessor
manages the flow of information within the instrument. This block will
coordinate all the internal functions as well as transferring information to
external devices such as printers or personal computer. In the case of some
hand held multimeter, some of or all of these blocks may be implemented in a
VLSI circuit while A/D converter and display driver can be in the same IC.
What is a Q meter?
The instrument which measures the storage factor or quality
factor of the electrical circuit at radio frequencies, such type of
device is known as the Q-meter.
The quality factor is one of the parameters of the oscillatory
system, which shows the relation between the storage and
dissipated energy.
The Q meter measures the quality factor of the circuit which shows
the total energy dissipated by it.
It also explains the properties of the coil and capacitor. The Q
meter uses in a laboratory for testing the radio frequency of the
coils.
Working Principle of a Q meter
The Q meter works on series resonant. The resonance is the
condition exists in the circuit when their inductance
and capacitance reactance are of equal magnitude. They induce
energy which is oscillating between the electric and magnetic field
of the capacitor and inductor respectively.
The Q-meter is based on the characteristic
ofthe resistance, inductance and capacitance of the resonant series
circuit.
Working Principle of a Q meter
At resonant frequency f0,
At the resonant frequency,
and current at resonance becomes
What is a VTVM?
Definition: The voltmeter which uses the vacuum tube for
amplifying the measurand AC and DC voltage is known as the
vacuum tube voltmeter (VTVM). The vacuum tube increases the
sensitivity of the voltmeter because of which it can detect the signal
of very weak strength.
The electronic voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage of
direct, RMS and peak voltage of the system. The vacuum tube has
many advantages like they have high input impedance, wide
frequency range and high sensitivity.
The most significant advantage of the VTVM is that it can draw very
less current as compared to the other meter. In VTVM, the
measuring signal is directly supplied to the vacuum tube of the
meter. The vacuum tube is amplifying the signal and passes it to the
deflecting meter.
VTVM?
Types of Vacuum tube Voltmeter
The Vacuum Tube Voltmeter is classified into the following types.
Diode Type
Peak Reading Diode Vacuum Tube Voltmeter
Single Triode
Balanced Triode Type
Rectifiers Amplifier Type
Amplifier Rectifier Type
The vacuum tube voltmeter is used in the past for the measurement
of voltages. Nowadays it is replaced by the transistor voltmeter
(TVM) and the field effect voltmeter (FETVM).
&
For successfully completed your course work