CBSE CLASS X - SCIENCE

MoST IMPORTANT QUESTION

Year of
[Link] Questions
Repetition
Q.1 Write chemical equation of the reaction of ethanoic acid with 2016, 2017
the following:
(a) Sodium; (b) Sodium hydroxide; (c) Ethanol.
Write the name of one main product of each reaction.
Q.2 a) List two reasons for the appearance of variations among 2014, 2016
the progeny formed by sexual reproduction.
b)
() Name the part marked 'A' in the diagram.
(ii) How does 'A' reach pat'B?
(ii) State the importance of the part 'C.
(iv) What happens to the part marked 'D' after fertilization is
over?

Q.3 How do Mendel's experiment show that traits are inherited 2016, 2017
independently?
Q.4 List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the 2016, 2015
Conservation of forests.
Q.5 Why is sustainable management of natural resources 2012, 2014,
necessary? out of the two methods-reuse and recycle -which 2015
one would you suggest practicing and why?
Q.6 What is homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the 2012, 2014
molecular formula of two consecutive members of
homologous series of aldehydes.
State which part of these compounds determines their:
Dphysical and lI) chemical properties.
Q.7 What is vegetative propagation? Write two of its advantages. 2011, 2012
Q.8 Explain AIDS. List any four methods of prevention (control) of 2011, 2012
AIDS.
 Q.9 Na, Mg, Alare the elements having one, two, three valence 2012,2O
electrons respectively. Which of these elements () has the
largest atomic radius, (I1)is least reactive? Justify your answer
stating reason for each.
Q.10 List and explain in brief three methods of contraception. 2012, 2015
Q.11 List in tabular form two distinguishing features between 2012, 2013,
acquired traits and inherited traits, with one example of each. 2015, 2017
Q.12 A4cm tallobject is placed perpendicular to the principal axis 2012, 2015
of a convex lens of focal length 24cm. The distance of the
object from the lens is 16cm. Find the position, size and nature
of the image formed, using the lens formula.
Q.13 What is the function of ozone at the higher level of 2012, 2015
atmosphere?
Q.14 The time differernce between the actual sunset and the 2011, 2012
apparent sunset is about 2 minutes. What is the reason for the
same? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Q.15 Why are forest considered "biodiversity hot spots"? List two 2012, 2015,
ways in which an individual can effectively contribute to the 2016,
management of forests and wildlife.
Q.16 I) We see eyes in planaria, insects, octopus and vertebrates. 2012, 2015
Can eyes be grouped together in case of the above
mentioned animals to establish a common evolutionary

origin? VWhy?
II)State one evidence to prove that birds have evolved from
reptiles.

Q.17 Write the number of vertical columns in the modern periodic 2012, 2013,
table. What are these columns called? 2017
Q.18 What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of 2015, 2012
Conserving forest and wildlife.
Q.19 Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of 2014, 2015
honologous series having general formula CnH2n+2.
Q.20 Write the help of latbelled diagram, explain why the sun 2015, 2016
appears reddish at the sun-rise and sun-set.

0.21 a) State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term 2015,20
absolute refractive index ofa medium and write an expression
 to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
b) The absolute refractive indices of two media 'A' and 'B'are
2.0 and 1.5 respectively. If the speed of light in medium 'B' is
2x10®m/s, calculate the speed of light in:
I) Vacuum,
I) Medium 'A:.
9.22 What is speciation? 2013, 2015

Q.23 Why should biodegradable and non -biodegradable wastes 2013, 2015
be discarded in two separate dustbins?
Q.24 From the following elements: 4Be,sF,1gK,20Ca 2012, 2015
I) The elernent having one electron in the outermost shell.
II) Two elements of the same group
Q.25 What is sustainable management? Why is reuse considered 2012, 2014,
better in comparison to recycle? 2017
Q.26 List any four reason for vegetative propagation being 2011, 2012
practiced in the growth of some type of plants.
Q.27 What does HIV stand for? Is AIDS an infectious disease? List 2011, 2012
any four modes of spreading AIDS.
Q.28 Write the molecular formula of first tvwo members of 2012, 2017

homologous series having functional group -CI.

Q.29 An object of height 2.5 cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm 2016, 2018
from the optical centre Oof a convex lens of focal length 10
cm. Draw a ray diagram to find the position arnd size of the

image formed. Mark optical centre O, principal focus F and

height of the image on the diagram.
OR
An object of height 4.0 cm is placed ata distance of 30 cm
from the optical centre 'O' of a convex lens of focal length 20
cm. Draw a ray diagram to find the position and size of the
image formed. Mark optical centre 'O' and principal focus 'F'
on the diagram. Also find the approximate ratio of size of the
image to the size of the object.

Q.30 a) Drawa ray diagram to show the formation of image of an 2011,20

object placed between infinity and the optical centre of a 2014, 201s
Concave lens.
b) Aconcave lerns of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm
from the lens. Calculate
 i) the distance of the object from the lens
i) the magnification for the image formed
ii) the nature of the image formed
OR
(a) Drawa ray diagram to explain the term angle of deviation.
(b) Why do the component colours of incident white light split
into a spectrun while passing through a glass prism, explain?
(c) Drawa labeled ray diagram to showthe formation of a
Rainbow.
OR
Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the refracted ray in
each of the following cases:
i) passing through its optical centre.
i) parallel to its principal axis.
ii) directed towards its principal focus.
OR
A person cannot read newspaper placed nearer than 50cm
from his eyes. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this defect. List its two
possible causes. Draw a ray diagram to show how this defect
may be corrected using a lens of appropriate focal
|length

Q.31 State any four characteristics of the image of an objectformed 2011, 2017
by a plane mirror.
OR
An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm in front of a convex
miror of focal length 15 cm. Write four characteristics of the
image formed by the mirror.

Q.32 If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of 2012,20
the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished, 2018
what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray diagram to
support your answer.
OR
State the type of mirrors used for i) headlights and i) rear view
mirors, in cars and motorcycles. Give reason to justify your
answer in each case.
 OR
Mention the types of mirrors used as i) rear view mirrors, ii)
shaving mirrors. List twO reasons to justify your answers in
each case.
Q.33 In the following ray diagram the correctly marked angle are 2016, 2015,
2017

(a) iand e
(b) 2A and z D
(c) 2i, Le and LD
(d) 2r, 2 Aand z D
OR
After tracing the path of a ray of light through a glass prism a
student marked the angle of incidence(zi), angle of
refraction(zr) angle of emergence(ze) and the angle of
deviation (2D) as shown in the diagran. The corectly marked
angles are:

1. ziand zr
 2. Zi and ze
3. Zi,Le and zD
4. Zi,er and ce
OR
In the following diagram the correctly marked angles are :

(a) Aand e
(b) 2 i,2 Aand z D
(c) A, erand e e
(d) A, 2rand D
Q.34 After tracing the path of rays of light through a glass slab for 2013, 2014
three different angles of incidence, a student measured the
corresponding values angles of refraction r and angle of
emergence e and recordedthem in the table given below:

S. No. Le

30 200 31°

400 25° 400

500 31° 490

The correct observation are:

A land ||
B Il and IlI
C Iand IIl
D I,land II
OR
 | After tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a
rectangular glass slab for four different values of the angle of
incidence, a student reported his observations in tabular form
as given below:

[Link] Zi Le

300 190 290

40º 280 400

500 360 500

|IV 600 400 |590

The best observation is
A.

C
D.

Q.35 Study the following diagrams in which the path of a ray of light 2013, 20
passing through a glass prism as traced by four students
P,Q,R and S is shown

R S
The student who has traced the path correctly is
(AP
(B) Q
(C) R
 (D) S
OR
While performing the experiment to trace the path of a ray of
light passing through a glass prism, four students marked the
incident ray and the emergent ray in their diagrams in the
manner shovwn belOw.

()

(uT) (IV)

The correct path of the rays has been shown by:

(A)I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
Q.36 Astudent traces the path of a ray of light passing through a 2014, 2017
rectangular glass slab and marks the angle of incidence i,
angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e, as shown.

The correctly marked angles(s) is/are

|(A)cionly
 (B)2e only
(C)zr only
(D)2i and ze
OR
The correct sequence of angle of incidence, angle of
emergence, angle of refraction and lateral displacenent
shown in the following diagram by digits 1,2,3 and 4 is:

a. 2,4,1,3
b. 2,1,4,3
c.1,2,4,3
d.2,1,3,4
Q.37 A
student focussed the Sun rays using an optical device 'X on 2013. 2014,
a screen S as shown. 2015

20 cm

From this it may be concluded that the device X is a (select

the corect option)
A Convex lens of focal length 10 cm.
B Convex lens of radius of curvature 20 cm.
C Convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
D Concave mirror of focal length 20 cm.
OR
A
student focussed the image of a distant object using a
device Xon a white screen 'S' as shown in the fiqure. If the
distance of the screen from the device is 40 cm, select the
Correct statement about the device.

-40 cm

A. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 20 cm.

B The device X is a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm.

C The device X is a concave mirror of radius of curvature

40 cm.

D. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 40 cm.

OR
Study the following diagram and select the correct statement
about the device X:

-12 cm

A)Device 'X is a concave mirror of radius of curvature 12cm.

B) Device 'X is a concave mirror of focal length 6 cm.
C) Device 'X is a concave mirror of focal length 12cm.
D) Device X is a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm.
 Answers
Ans 1.

a.) 2CH3COOH + 2Na ’ 2CH3COONa (Sodium ethanoate/sodium acetate)+ H2

b.)CH,COOH+NaOH -CH,COONa(Sodiurm ethanoate/sodium acetate)+H,0

c.)CH,COOH +C,H,OH ’ CH,COOC2Hs(Ethyl ethanoatelester) + Hz0

Ans 2.

a) l) Involvement of two different individuals

II) Creation of new combination of variants

b) l) pollen/pollen grain

Ii) by polination/ agents of pollination

Ili) It ( pollen tube) helps male ganete to reach egg (ovule)

V) Converts into embryo

Ans 3. When a cross was made between a tal pea plant with round seeds and
a short pea plant with wrinkled seeds, the F1 progeny plants are all tall with
round seeds: this indicates that tallness and round seeds are the dominant
traits.

When the F1 plants are self pollinated the F2 progeny consisted of some tall
plants with round seeds and some short plants with wrinkled seeds which are
the parental traits 1.

12

There were also some new cormbinations like tall plants with wrinkleds
and short plants with round seeds 1/2.

Thus, it may be concluded that tall and short traits and round and wrinkled
seed traits have been inherited independently

Ans 4.

1. Local people living in villages near the forest.

.Industrialistswho use forest produce as raw materials.
3. Wildlife and nature enthusiasts.

4. Forest department of the government.

Ans 5.

Management of resources in a way that present day needs of the

population are

justified as well as they remain available for future generation.

Reuse does not consume energy.

Atype of management whichencourages utilization of resources that

meet current basic human needs while preserving the resources for the
needs of future generations.

- Reuse is better as it does not consune energy.

 sustainable management encourages all forms of growth that are
needed to meet basic human needs, while conserving natural resources
for the future generations. It necessary because, our natural resOurces
are exhaustible, limited and non-renewable.

|3

Our resources are being over exploited by the growing populatio an,
there is no equitable distribution of resources as a handful of rich and
powerful people are exploiting the to built for short term benefits. So it is
necessary.

Ans 6. Homologous series

Homologous series are a series of carbon compound with regularly varying
chain lengths and the same functional group. Adjacent compound differs by
CH2 unit and H4 molecule mass.

CH3- CHO, CH3CH2-CHO are two consecutive member, of homologous series

of aldehydes.
I. The carbon Chain length determines physical properties.
II. The functional group determines chemical properties.

Ans 7. Vegetative propagation is practised for growing some types of plant

because plants grown by this method bear flower and fruits earlier than the
plants grown from seeds. plant grown by this method are genetically similar to
the parent plant and have some characteristics this method makes because
the propagation of plant which have lost the ability to produce seeds. survival
rats of plants grown by this method is more than that of seed grown plants.

Ans 8. AlDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Four methods
of preventing (control) of aids are following:
1. Avoid contact with infected blood.

2. Be careful with syringe and surgicalequipment.

 3. Use condoms.

|4

4. Get tested and treated for STDs.

Ans 9.

I) Na/ Sodium.

Reason -The atomic size decreases from left to right due to the increase in
the nuclear charge.

II) AI / Aluminium.

Reason - The tendency to lose electrons decreases from left to right.

Ans 10. Four methods -

I) Mechanicalor barrier method OR Male or female condoms

II) Use of hormonal preparations OR Oral Pills / -pill /Saheli

IlI) Use of loop or copper T OR IUCD
(iv) Surgical method OR tubectomy / vasectomy

Ans 11. Acquired Traits

Does not bring about change in the DNA of the germ cell.
Cannot be passed on to the progeny.
Cannot direct evolution.

Examples: Acquiring knowledge, loss of weight or any other exanple

Inherited Traits

Brings about change in the DNA of the germ cell.

 Can be passed on to the progeny.

Can direct evolution.

(any two) Examples: Skin colour, colour of the eye or any other example.

Ans 12. Height of objectho=4 cm

Focal length of convex lens = 24 cm

Object distance u=-16 cmn

Image distance v=?

Image height hi = ?
Lens formula: 1/W - 1/u = 1/f

1/v =1/f + 1/u

= 1/24 + 1/(-16)

=-1/48

’V= - 48 cmn

The image distance is 48 cm on the same side of the lensas the object.

Magnification m =v/u =(-48)/(-16) =3= hi/ho =hi/3

’ hi=3x3=9 cm

The image is enlarged and erect.

So a virtual, erect, enlarged image is formed at 48 cm from the optic center on

the same side of the lens as the object is positioned.

Ans 13. The ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) and the
lower atrmosphere (troposphere) are chemically identical, because they alR
consist of three oxygen atoms and have the chemical formula 03. Howeve
they have very different roles in the atmosphere and very different eflects on
humans and other living beings. Stratospheric oZone (sometimes referred to as
"good ozone") plays a beneficial role by absorbing most of the biologically
damaging ultraviolet sunlight (called UV-B), allowing only a small amount to
reach the Earth's surface. The absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone
creates a source of heat, which actually forms the stratosphere itself (a region
in which the temperature rises as one goes to higher altitudes). Ozone thus
plays a key role in the temperature structure of the Earth's atmosphere.

Ans 14. It happens because sun rays bends slightly towards the earth surface
when it is below the horizon due to the presence of various layers of
atnosphere which refracts the the sunlight in various amounts towards the
earth surface...This is because of the refraction of the light trom the Sun by the
Earth's atrmosphere--the Earth's atmosphere bends the path of the light so that
we see the Sun in a position slightly different from where it realy is. The

magnitude of this effect varies with latitude, but it's strongest at the equator,
where the Sun rises 2 minutes earlier than it would if the Earth had no
atmosphere, and sets 2 minutes after it would if the Earth had no atmosphere.

Apparant sun

Horizon
Observer
Earth

Aimosphere
Rising sun

17
Ans 15. Because large number of life forms / range of life forms (such às
bacteria, fungi, fern, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles, mammals,
gymnosperms and angiosperns) are found there /A region with large
biodiversity of endangered species, many of them being highly endemic and
such regions being subjected to large scale destruction are designated as "Hot
spots` by ecologists.
Two ways -

I) Not allowing cutting of trees

Ii) To promote /make people aware about the importance of forests and
wildlife.

Il) Not using wild life products / fur coat or any other named product.

Ans 16.

) No, the structure of the eye in each of the organisms is different.

Fossils of certain dinosaurs / reptiles show imprints of feathers along with

their bones but they could not fly presumably using the feathers for insulation;

Later they developed / evolved and adapted feathers for flight, thus becoming
the ancestors of present day birds. (OR any other suitable evidence/exarmple)

Ans 17. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements

in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups
in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not
numbered.

Ans 18. A region with large biodiversity of endangered species, many of them
being highly endemic and such regions being subjected to large scale
destruction are designated as "Hot spots" by ecologists.

18

Four measures: