DIPAWALI HOLIDAY HOMEWORK SHEET

CLASS 12 CHEMISTRY –
Date of submission- 24/10/[Link].

Instructions: 1. Attempt all questions in your Chemistry notebook.

[Link] equations and units wherever necessary.
[Link] your answers with diagrams and reasoning.
[Link] NCERT examples related to each topic.
5. Use NCERT-based reasoning and mechanisms.
Solutions
1. (CBSE 2020) Explain the following terms: (i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Colligative
properties. How do non-ideal solutions show positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s
law?
2. (CBSE 2019) Calculate the molar mass of a solute when 18 g of it is dissolved in 500 g of
water and the freezing point is lowered by 1.86°C. (Given Kf = 1.86 K kg mol⁻¹)
3. (CBSE 2018) Define Henry’s law and its significance. A soda water bottle contains CO₂ gas.
Explain the effect of temperature on the solubility of CO₂ in water.
Electrochemistry
4. (CBSE 2023) Write the Nernst equation for the cell: Zn(s) | Zn²⁺(aq) || Cu²⁺(aq) | Cu(s).
Calculate the emf of this cell at 298 K when [Zn²⁺] = 0.1 M and [Cu²⁺] = 1.0 M. E°cell = 1.10 V.
5. (CBSE 2021) Differentiate between the terms electrolytic cell and galvanic cell. Draw a neat
labelled diagram of a galvanic cell and explain the function of the salt bridge.
6. (CBSE 2019) Define conductivity and molar conductivity. How does molar conductivity vary
with concentration for strong and weak electrolytes? Explain with graphs.
Chemical Kinetics
7. (CBSE 2024) The rate constant for a first-order reaction is 4.6 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. Calculate the
half-life of the reaction. What will be the concentration of the reactant after 230 s if initial
concentration is 0.2 M?
8. (CBSE 2020) Define the following: (i) Order of reaction (ii) Molecularity of a reaction (iii)
Activation energy. Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.
9. (CBSE 2018) The rate of a reaction doubles for every 10°C rise in temperature. If the rate
increases by 8 times when the temperature is raised from 27°C to T°C, calculate the value of T.
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
10. (CBSE 2022) What happens when: (i) Chlorobenzene is treated with Na in dry ether (ii)
Ethyl bromide reacts with alcoholic KOH (iii) Methyl chloride is treated with Na in dry ether
(Wurtz reaction). Write chemical equations and name the reactions.
11. (CBSE 2020) What are freons and DDT? Write their uses and environmental effects.
12. (CBSE 2019) Give reasons: (i) Alkyl halides are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. (ii) p-Dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than o- and m-dichlorobenzene. (iii)
The C–X bond in aryl halides is difficult to break by nucleophilic substitution.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
13. (CBSE 2024) Describe the mechanism of acid-catalysed hydration of ethene to yield
ethanol.
14. (CBSE 2021) Give chemical tests to distinguish between: (i) Phenol and Benzyl alcohol (ii)
Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (iii) Methanol and Ethanol.
15. (CBSE 2018) Write the IUPAC names and equations for the preparation of the following: (i)
Anisole from phenol (ii) Propan-2-ol from propene (iii) Ethanol from ethyl bromide.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
16. (CBSE 2024) How will you convert: (i) Ethanol → Ethanal → Ethanoic acid (ii) Propanone
→ Propan-2-ol (iii) Ethanoic acid → Acetyl chloride.
17. (CBSE 2021) Write chemical equations for the reactions involved in the following: (i)
Cannizzaro reaction (ii) Aldol condensation (iii) Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction.
18. (CBSE 2020) Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic addition of HCN to aldehydes and
ketones.
19. (CBSE 2019) Give reasons: (i) Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards
nucleophilic addition. (ii) Benzoic acid has higher boiling point than ethanoic acid.
20. (CBSE 2018) Differentiate between formalin and formic acid. Write chemical equations to
show the oxidation of formaldehyde and reduction of acetaldehyde.
BIOLOGY
Date of submission- 24/10/[Link].

Instructions:
[Link] all questions in your Biology notebook.
[Link] labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
[Link] should be in your own words, referring to NCERT.
[Link] and systematic presentation will be awarded.
[Link] NCERT in-text and back exercises before answering.
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
1. (CBSE 2024) Describe the process of double fertilization in flowering plants with the help of
a well-labelled diagram.
2. (CBSE 2022) Explain the development of male gametophyte in angiosperms with labelled
diagrams.
3. (CBSE 2019) What is apomixis? How does it differ from parthenocarpy? Mention their
significance.
Human Reproduction
4. (CBSE 2023) Describe the structure of the human sperm. Explain the functions of its
components.
5. (CBSE 2021) Describe the events of the menstrual cycle. What happens when the ovum is
not fertilized?
6. (CBSE 2018) Explain the process of fertilization in humans and the events that lead to
implantation.
3. Reproductive Health
7. (CBSE 2024) What is reproductive health? Mention any four measures to improve
reproductive health in India.
8. (CBSE 2019) Describe the natural and chemical methods of birth control. Give examples.
9. (CBSE 2018) What are assisted reproductive technologies (ART)? Explain any two
techniques used to overcome infertility.
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
10. (CBSE 2023) Explain dihybrid cross with suitable example. How is Mendel’s law of
independent assortment derived from it?
11. (CBSE 2021) Differentiate between incomplete dominance and codominance. Give one
example of each.
12. (CBSE 2018) What is linkage and recombination? How did Morgan’s experiments with
Drosophila help explain linkage?
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
13. (CBSE 2024) Describe the structure of a transcription unit. Explain the process of
transcription in prokaryotes.
14. (CBSE 2022) Explain the experiment that proved DNA is the genetic material.
15. (CBSE 2019) Describe the process of DNA replication with the help of a labelled diagram.
6. Evolution
16. (CBSE 2024) Explain Hardy–Weinberg principle and the factors that cause deviation from
it.
17. (CBSE 2020) Describe the mechanism of evolution according to Darwin’s theory of natural
selection.
Human Health and Diseases
18. (CBSE 2023) Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium in humans. How does it cause malaria?
19. (CBSE 2020) What are the causes and preventive measures of cancer and AIDS?
8. Microbes in Human Welfare
20. (CBSE 2019) Explain the role of microbes in industrial products such as antibiotics,
beverages and enzymes.

PHYSICS
[Link] an
expression for the electric field at a point on the axial line of an electric dipole and on its
equatorial line. Compare their directions.
2.A parallel plate capacitor has plate area A and plate separation d. It is filled with two
dielectrics of constants K1 and K2, each of thickness d/2. Derive the expression for its
equivalent capacitance.
3.A charge +q is placed at the centre of a hollow conducting spherical shell. Explain how
charges are induced on the inner and outer surfaces of the shell. What is the electric field
outside the shell?[Link] and prove Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Use it to find the electric field
due to an infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire.
[Link] an expression for the potential energy of a system of two point charges separated by a
distance r in vacuum.
[Link] cells of EMFs E1and E2 with internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in series to an
external resistance R. Derive expressions for (a) current in the circuit and (b) potential
difference across the external resistor.
[Link] a circuit, resistors R, 2R and 3R are connected in parallel. This combination is in series
with another resistor R and connected to a potential difference V. Find (a) total resistance, (b)
total current, and (c) current through each branch.
[Link] Ohm’s law. How can it be verified experimentally using a voltmeter and ammeter? What
type of graph is obtained between potential difference and current?
[Link] Biot–Savart law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point at a distance r
from a long straight current-carrying conductor. Mention the direction of the field.
[Link] the expression for the force acting on a current-carrying conductor of length L placed
in a uniform magnetic field B. State the rule used to determine the direction of force.
[Link] the expression for the torque experienced by a rectangular current loop placed in a
uniform magnetic field. State the condition for maximum torque.
[Link] between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials on the basis
of magnetic susceptibility and behavior in external magnetic field.
13.A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the switch S open. When the switch is
closed, Calculate the total amount of charge that flows from Y to X.

[Link] the terms atomic number, mass number, and isotopes. Derive the expression for
binding energy and binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus.
15. In the given circuit, a charge of +80 µC is given to the upper plate of the 4 µF
capacitor. Then in the steady state, Calculate the charge on the upper plate of the 3 µF
capacitor.

16. State Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain each term. Using the equation, derive the
relation between stopping potential and frequency of incident radiation.
17. Light of wavelength 400 nm is incident on a metal surface. The stopping potential is found
to be 2.0 V. Calculate the work function of the metal.​
(Given: h = 6.63×10⁻³⁴ J·s, c = 3×10⁸ m/s, e = 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C)
18. Using de Broglie hypothesis, derive the expression for wavelength associated with a moving
particle of momentum p. An electron has momentum 3×10⁻²⁴ kg·m/s. Find its de Broglie
wavelength.
[Link] and explain the V–I characteristics of a p–n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
Define threshold voltage and breakdown voltage.
20. Three infinitely long charge sheets are placed as shown in figure the electric field at point P
is
 ENGLISH
Section- A Reading and comprehension
[Link] the Passage carefully and answer the question.
Environmental sustainability has become a global concern. Every year, millions of tons of waste
are produced, much of which is non-biodegradable. This not only pollutes the environment but
also affects human health. Countries are now promoting eco-friendly lifestyles — encouraging
recycling, reduced plastic use, and renewable energy. However, real change begins with
individuals. Small actions like conserving water, planting trees, and avoiding waste can create a
collective impact. Sustainability is not a choice anymore; it Is a necessity for survival.
Questions
1.​ What is the main concern discussed in the passage?
2.​ How does non-biodegradable waste affect us?
3.​ What solutions are suggested to improve sustainability?
4.​ Why is individual effort important?
5.​ Find a synonym of ‘essential’ from the passage.
Section B – Writing Skills
6.​ Draft a notice for a Blood Donation Camp in your school.
7.​ Write a letter to the Editor about increasing traffic chaos in your city.
8.​ Prepare a report on the Annual Sports Day.
9.​ Write a debate in favour of “Technology: A Boon or a Bane”.
10.​Write an article on “The Role of Youth in Nation Building”.
Section C – Literature
11.​Explain the significance of the title The Last Lesson.
12.​What is the theme of Lost Spring?
13.​Describe the central conflict in Deep Water.
14.​How is The Rattrap a story with a moral?
15.​Discuss the use of irony in The Tiger King.
16.​What is the symbolic meaning of the poem Keeping Quiet?
17.​Explain the emotional contrast in My Mother at Sixty-Six.
18.​How does A Thing of Beauty celebrate nature’s permanence?
19.​What lesson do you learn from The Third Level?
20.​Compare the themes of Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers and A Roadside Stand.​ ​
 DIPAWALI HOMEWORK
हिन्दी
सभी विद्यार्थियों को “पस्ु तक समीक्षा” पर परियोजना कार्य लिखना है ।
पस्
ु तक - विद्यालय से आवंटित पस् ु तक(अनिवार्य)
पष्ृ ठ संख्या - लगभग 20 पष्ृ ठ,जिसमें आवरण पष्ृ ठ, प्रमाणपत्र, घोषणा पत्र, आभारोक्ति, विषय सच
ू ी,
संदर्भ सच ू ी आदि सम्मिलित होंगे।
कार्य रचनात्मक सद ंु र व सजा हुआ होना चाहिए जो कि A-4 साइज के पेपर पर करना है ।