1.

Launch a Basic EC2 Instance (Amazon Linux 2023)

Steps:

1. Go to EC2 Dashboard → Instances → Launch instance.

2. Enter name: BasicLinuxInstance.

3. Choose AMI: Amazon Linux 2023.

4. Instance type: [Link] (Free tier).

5. Create new key pair → Download and save.

6. Configure network settings: Allow SSH (port 22).

7. Launch instance.

2. Install putty and connect Amazon Linux 2023 instance

✅ PART 1: Install PuTTY on Windows

Step 1: Download PuTTY and PuTTYgen

1. Visit the official website: [Link]

2. Download:

o PuTTY (SSH client)

o PuTTYgen (key converter)

o Choose Windows Installer (64-bit) for most systems.

Step 2: Install PuTTY

1. Run the installer.

2. Click Next and accept defaults.

3. Click Install, then Finish.

✅ PART 2: Convert PEM to PPK (for PuTTY use)

Amazon provides the key in .pem format. PuTTY requires .ppk.

Step 3: Open PuTTYgen

1. Launch PuTTYgen from Start Menu.

Step 4: Load the PEM file

1. Click Load.

2. At the bottom, change file type to All Files (*.*).

3. Select your downloaded .pem key file (e.g., [Link]).

4. Click Open → You’ll see “Successfully imported foreign key”.

Step 5: Save the PPK file

1. Click Save private key.

2. Choose a name like [Link].

3. (Click "Yes" when prompted to save without a passphrase.)

4. Save it to a safe location.

✅ PART 3: Connect to Amazon Linux EC2 Using PuTTY

Step 6: Get EC2 Instance Public IP

1. Go to AWS Console → EC2 Dashboard.

2. Select your running EC2 instance.

3. Copy Public IPv4 address (e.g., [Link]).

Step 7: Launch PuTTY

1. Open PuTTY from Start Menu.

Step 8: Configure PuTTY Session

1. In Host Name, type:

ec2-user@<[Link]> (Your EC2 public IP)

2. Under Connection → SSH → Auth:

o Click Browse next to "Private key file for authentication".

o Select the .ppk file you saved earlier (e.g., [Link]).

3. (Optional) Under Session, you can:

o Enter a name in Saved Sessions (e.g., MyEC2Instance)

o Click Save for future use.

Step 9: Connect

1. Click Open.

2. On first connection, PuTTY will ask to trust the host — click Yes.

3. You'll be connected to your EC2 instance with the default Amazon Linux user: ec2-user.

🔒 Important Notes

 Usernames:

o Amazon Linux → ec2-user

o Ubuntu → or ubuntu

o Red Hat → ec2-user

o Debian → admin or ec2-user

 Ensure port 22 (SSH) is open in EC2 Security Group.

3. Install Apache Web Server

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Run:

sudo yum update -y

sudo yum install httpd -y

sudo systemctl start httpd

sudo systemctl enable httpd

3. Open port 80 in EC2 Security Group.

4. Access via browser: [Link] of EC2 instance>

4. Host a Simple HTML Website

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Create HTML file:

echo "<h1>Hello from EC2</h1>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/[Link]

3. Visit [Link]

5. Create a New EC2 Security Group

Steps:

1. Go to EC2 Dashboard → Security Groups → Create.

2. Allow:

o SSH (22)

o HTTP (80)

o Custom TCP (any additional if needed)

3. Attach to EC2 instance.

6. Create and Attach IAM Role to EC2

Steps:

1. Go to IAM → Roles → Create Role.

2. Select EC2 → Next.

3. Attach AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess.

4. Name: EC2S3ReadRole.

5. Attach to running EC2: Actions → Security → Modify IAM role.

7. Access S3 from EC2 Instance

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Install AWS CLI:

sudo yum install awscli -y

3. Run:

aws s3 ls
8. Create a Custom AMI from EC2

Steps:

1. Go to EC2 Dashboard → Instances.

2. Select your instance → Actions → Image → Create Image.

3. Name it and create.

4. Use the AMI to launch new EC2 instances.

9. Use EC2 Instance Connect (no SSH key required)

Steps:

1. Launch Amazon Linux instance with default settings.

2. Go to Instances → Connect → EC2 Instance Connect.

3. Click "Connect" and access the shell via browser.

10. Run a Python Script on EC2

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Install Python:

sudo yum install python3 -y

3. Create script:

echo "print('Hello EC2 from Python')" > [Link]

python3 [Link]

11. Create EC2 Instance with User Data Script

Steps:

1. While launching EC2, expand "Advanced Details".

2. Paste user data script:

#!/bin/bash

yum update -y

yum install httpd -y

echo "<h1>Launched using User Data</h1>" > /var/www/html/[Link]

systemctl start httpd

systemctl enable httpd

3. Security group : allow http service and source [Link]/0

4. Visit [Link] ip of ec2 instance
12. Restrict SSH Access by IP

Steps:

1. Edit Security Group attached to EC2.

2. Modify SSH rule:

o Source: My IP (only allow your IP).

3. Save rules.

13. Create EC2 Tags and Use for Organization

Steps:

1. Launch instance or go to existing one.

2. Tags tab → Manage Tags → Add tags:

o Key: Environment, Value: Test

o Key: Owner, Value: Student01

3. Use tags to filter or group resources in EC2 dashboard.

14. Enable EC2 Termination Protection

Steps:

1. Go to EC2 → Select instance.

2. Actions → Instance Settings → Change termination protection.

3. Enable → Save.

4. Try terminating — AWS will block the termination.

15. Change EC2 Instance Type

Steps:

1. Stop the instance.

2. Actions → Instance Settings → Change instance type.

3. Choose new type (e.g., [Link]).

4. Start the instance again.

16. Host a PHP Website on EC2

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Run:

sudo yum install httpd php -y

sudo systemctl start httpd

echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/[Link]

3. Open browser → [Link]

17. Assign and Use Elastic IP

Steps:

1. Go to EC2 Dashboard → Elastic IPs → Allocate Elastic IP.

2. Associate with instance.

18. Copy Files from Local Machine to EC2

Steps (Linux/macOS):

1. From terminal:

C:\Users\abcd\Downloads>scp -i [Link] [Link] ec2-user@[Link]:/home/ec2-user/

 Connect EC2 instance and type command> ls (See the [Link] file)

19. Accessing and Using EC2 Instance Metadata from Amazon Linux EC2

🎯 Objective:

✅ Prerequisites:

1. AWS Account
2. Amazon Linux EC2 instance created
3. PuTTY connected to EC2 instance via .ppk or .pem
4. Instance has internet access (public IP or via NAT)

🛠️Step-by-Step Configuration:

🔹 Step 1: Launch EC2 Instance

1. Go to AWS Console → EC2 → Launch Instance.

2. Choose:
o Amazon Linux 2023 AMI
o Instance type: [Link] (Free Tier)
o Key Pair: Use existing or create new
o Network: Default VPC
o Auto-assign Public IP: Enabled
3. Click "Launch Instance".

🔹 Step 2: Connect EC2 Using PuTTY

If you have .pem file, convert it to .ppk using PuTTYgen.

1. Open PuTTY
2. Hostname: ec2-user@<your-public-ip>
3. In "Auth" section, load your .ppk file
4. Click "Open" → Login as: ec2-user
🔹 Step 3: Understand Instance Metadata

Metadata provides information like:

 Instance ID
 AMI ID
 Security groups
 IAM role
 Region
 Hostname
 Tags (if allowed)
 User data

🔹 Step 4: Use Metadata (IMDSv2 Method Recommended)

🧩 Step 4.1: Get Metadata Token (IMDSv2)

TOKEN=`curl -X PUT "[Link] \

-H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600"`
Step 4.2: Access Basic Metadata Info
curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" \
[Link]

🔹 Step 5: Get Specific Metadata

🔍 Metadata
🔧 Command
Information

AMI ID curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" [Link]

Instance ID curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" [Link]

Public IPv4 curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" [Link]

curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" [Link]

Security Groups
groups

`curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" [Link]

Region
identity/document

🔹 Step 6: Optional – Add IAM Role and Get Credentials

If your instance has an IAM role:

Step 6.1: Get IAM Role Name

curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" \
[Link]
Step 6.2: Get Temporary Credentials
curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" \
[Link]

20. Configure a Local Web Server with Nginx

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Install Nginx:
sudo amazon-linux-extras enable nginx1

sudo yum install nginx -y

sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo systemctl enable nginx

21. Install and Configure Mariadb Server

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Run:

bash

CopyEdit

sudo yum install mariadb-server -y

sudo systemctl start mariadb

sudo mysql_secure_installation

22. Enable EC2 System Logs for Boot Diagnostics

Steps:

1. Launch EC2 with "Enable CloudWatch Logs".

2. Go to Actions > Instance Settings > Get System Log.

3. View logs of startup or boot issues.

23. Schedule System Shutdown and Restart

Steps:

1. SSH into EC2.

2. Run:

sudo shutdown -h +10 # Shuts down after 10 minutes

sudo shutdown -r +5 # Reboots after 5 minutes

24. Attach IAM Role to EC2 and Launch EC2 via CLI

Steps:

1. Create IAM Role (e.g., S3AccessRole).

2. Run:

aws ec2 run-instances \

--image-id ami-084a7d336e816906b \

--instance-type [Link] \

--iam-instance-profile Name="S3AccessRole" \
 --key-name rndkey \

--security-group-ids sg-000895217061b02c7 \

--subnet-id subnet-0bf4c2ec3994ac5e6

25. Connect to EC2 via SSH using Key Pair

Steps:

1. Open terminal or PuTTY.

2. Run:

C:\Users\abcd\Downloads>ssh -i [Link] ec2-user@ [Link]

26. To close the AWS CloudShell session,

✅ Option 1: Exit the shell

From within the CloudShell terminal:

exit

 This command logs you out of the CloudShell session and terminates the shell.

✅ Option 2: Close the browser tab or CloudShell window

If you’re using the AWS Management Console:

1. Click the X icon at the top right of the CloudShell window.

2. Or, simply close the browser tab where CloudShell is open.

27. Access a Python-based webpage on your EC2 via its public IP in a browser.

Steps to Host Website via EC2 Public IP Using Python (Flask)

1. SSH into your EC2 instance

ssh -i [Link] ec2-user@your-ec2-public-ip

2. Install Python 3 and Flask

sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install python3 -y
pip3 install flask

3. Create a simple Flask web app

nano [Link]

Paste the following code:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@[Link]('/')
def home():
return "Hello EC2 from Python Web App!"
if __name__ == "__main__":
[Link](host='[Link]', port=5000)

Save and exit (Ctrl + O, Enter, then Ctrl + X).

4. Run the Flask app

python3 [Link]

The app starts on port 5000.

5. Allow incoming traffic on port 5000

 Go to EC2 > Security Groups in AWS Console.

 Find the security group used by your instance.
 Edit Inbound Rules → Add rule:
o Type: Custom TCP
o Port range: 5000
o Source: [Link]/0 (or restrict to your IP)

6. Access the site from your browser

[Link]

Example:

[Link]

You should see: Hello EC2 from Python Web App!