CYBERSECURITY & NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS NOTES
1. CIA TRIAD
Confidentiality: Ensures only authorized access. Examples: Encryption, MFA.
Integrity: Ensures accuracy of data. Examples: Hashing, Checksums.
Availability: Ensures systems are accessible. Examples: Backups, Redundancy.
2. SECURITY CONTROLS
Technical Controls: Firewalls, IDS/IPS, Antivirus.
Administrative Controls: Policies, procedures.
Physical Controls: Locks, CCTV, guards.
3. SERVER CONCEPTS
Server provides services like web hosting, file sharing. Components include hardware, OS, and server
applications.
4. SERVER STORAGE TYPES
DAS: Direct attached.
NAS: Network shared storage.
SAN: High-speed dedicated storage.
Cloud Storage: AWS, Azure, GCP.
5. CLOUD COMPUTING BASICS
Servers hosted on the internet. Key learning areas: IAM, cloud firewalls, misconfigurations.
6. NETWORK BASICS
IP addresses (IPv4 & IPv6). Ports: 80(HTTP), 443(HTTPS), 22(SSH), 21(FTP), 25(SMTP), 53(DNS),
69(TFTP), 3389(RDP).
7. OSI MODEL (Using WhatsApp Example)
Layer 1 Physical: Signals.
Layer 2 Data Link: MAC.
Layer 3 Network: IP.
Layer 4 Transport: TCP/UDP.
Layer 5 Session: Maintains chat session.
Layer 6 Presentation: Encryption.
Layer 7 Application: WhatsApp UI.
8. TCP/IP MODEL
Application, Transport, Internet, Network Interface.
9. NETWORK TYPES
LAN, WAN, WLAN, VLAN.
10. SUBNETTING
Dividing large networks into smaller networks.
11. IPV4 VS IPV6
IPv4: 32-bit, limited addresses.
IPv6: 128-bit, nearly unlimited.