Data base management system
BCS501A
UNIT -1
Database System Architecture
The typical structure of DBMS is based on Relational data model.
The top part of the architecture shows application interfaces used by naive
users, application programs created by application programmers, query tools
used by sophisticated users and administration tools used by database
administrator.
The lowest part of the architecture is for disk storage.
The Middle two parts(Query processor and storage manager) are important
components of database architecture.
Query
processor:
The interactive query processor helps the database system to simplify and
facilitate access to data. It consists of DDL(Data Definition Language)
interpreter, DML(Data Manipulation Language) compiler and query
evaluation engine.
The following are various functionalities and components of query processor
DDL interpreter: This is basically a translator which interprets the
DDL statements in data dictionaries.
DML compiler: It translates DML statements query language into an
evaluation plan. This plan consists of the instructions which query
evaluation engine understands.
Query evaluation engine: It executes the low-level instructions
generated by the DML compiler.
When a user issues a query, the parsed query is presented to a query optimizer,
which uses information about how the data is stored to produce an efficient
execution plan for evaluating the query. An execution plan is a blueprint for
evaluating a query. It is evaluated by query evaluation engine.
Storage manager:
Storage manager is the component of database system that provides interface
between the low level data stored in the database and the application programs
and queries submitted to the system.
The storage manager is responsible for storing, retrieving, and updating data in
the database. The storage manager components include
Authorization and integrity manager: Validates the users who
want to access the data and tests for integrity constraints.
Transaction manager: Ensures that the database remains in
consistent despite of system failures and concurrent transaction
execution proceeds without conflicting.
File manager: Manages allocation of space on disk storage and
representation of the information on disk.
Buffer manager: Manages the fetching of data from disk storage into
main memory. The buffer manager also decides what data to cache in
main memory. Buffer manager is a crucial part of database system.
Storage manager implements several data structures such as
Data files: Used for storing database itself.
Data dictionary: Used for storing metadata, particularly schema of
database.
Indices: Indices are used to provide fast access to data items present
in the database