Practical Project
Management
Lecturer : Asst. Prof. Ing., SENG VEYANET
H/P : 088 681 6070
Email : veyanet@[Link]
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT
FORMULATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION
Objectives
1 Initiation
2 Formulation
3 Tender Procedure
4 Implementation
5 Monitoring and Evaluation
1. Project
It has been defined as an undertaking, which is designed
to achieve certain specific objectives within a given budget
and within a specified period of time. It is generally a part
of an investment, development or research program.
A project is the smallest operational
element, prepared and implemented
as a separate entity in a national plan
or program.
1. Project
1 2
Have a specific Have a clear start
purpose and end time
3 4
Have a budget
Using Resources
constraint
There are four types of Project
1. Development 2. Investment 4. Technical
Project Project 3. Research Project
Cooperation Project
There are four types of Project
The project that has been designed to develop
or support development activities.
Development project cannot be
considered as investment projects
1. Development because they provide especially
Project technical expertise and know-how
transfer.
There are four types of Project
It is normally primarily concerned with the provision
of capital inputs (construction and equipment) and
is expected to show a positive economic rate of
return.
Investment projects can carry a development
2. Investment character, as well because they develop
Project some parts of economy or social/economic
infrastructure using heavy investments. The
project outputs are exclusively material and
must be reached in a short-term horizon.
There are four types of Project
The research projects are rather investment
than development. Especially, applied
research projects are practically-oriented and
represent investments with high efficiency rate.
3. Research They are sometimes directly linked to
Project investments and knowledge (and know-how)
gained by research activities are very often
used as an input(capital) in private
companies.
There are four types of Project
It is a typically development project, normally
designed to support development activities
which are primarily undertaken by the country
itself.
It will primarily provide expertise, training and
4. Technical technology. However, the research projects are
Cooperation Project sometimes development ones, too or they
represent an intermediate type of projects
combining aspects of both projects characterized
previously.
2. Programme
It is an organized set of activities, projects,
processes or services which are directed toward
the attainment of specific objectives. It is therefore
on a larger scale than a project and may include
several projects.
Program
A programme may be concerned with a
geographical region, a function, or an area of
activity.
2. Programme: Nature of Programme in PM
Program is related to
Broadly company’s broadly goals
rather than small.
Specific details are
Nature of
Programme
General outlined in the project,
tasks and sub-locations.
The program focuses on
Strategic long-term goals and multi-
sectoral plans to achieve
2. Programme: Nature of Programme in PM
Vision Needs Emergence
Example Example Example
Merchant transition
Decisions in A small project,
to a complete
multinational but turned into a
electronic payment
business. larger initiative.
system.
2. Programme: Who controls the program in PM?
The role of the program manager is to coordinate all projects
in the program to align with the organization's long-term
strategy and objectives.
They monitor programs and evaluate offers
to ensure that every project is successful.
2. Programme: The Important of program in PM
Risk
Precision Efficency
Management
The program
aligns several In the process of
Can be designed to
program
projects identify similar risks
management,
together first and avoid
projects are put in
towards a recurring mistakes.
one place.
common goal.
3. Planning
Broad Statement of Outcome Goals Strategy
aims Depending on the Goal setting must Short term and
success of the be precise based Long term
National or Region
programs on the right
launched. standards
3. Planning
Budget Plan
Planning Model or standard
Formation
4. The concept of Project
the project solves unrepeated economic (or developing,
investment, research, humanitarian or other) tasks, the
essence of which is unique and fully specific.
Short term form Less than a year
Medium term form From one to three year
Long term form More than three year
4.1 The characteristics of Projects
Objectives Uniqueness
Particular, verifiable There are four Unique and temporality
and attainable goals. characteristic
features of a By owner or external
project that are
specialists: customer maybe
Financial, material and typical for any
anybody, government,
human are available. project.
organization, religious, etc.
One’s own resources Frame of an organization
4.2 The other characteristics of Projects
Resources and Their Project Benefits
Alternative Uses Sold Commercial, Private
Finance, raw materials,
Company
capital, labour, manager,
organisers…
Build up Indigenous
Need for Planning & Design
Capacities
Planning, Appraisal, and Technical cooperation,
Implementation expertise
Public and Private sectors The Project format
Government, Public The project format is a
agencies, Private sector project scope that
determines all components
of the project
4.3 The Project format
Inputs, Activities Examination of the
01 Mean-ends analysis 05 09
and Outputs incentives
Data gathering,
Examination of
02 06 Presentation & 10 Judgement
alternative means
analysis
Identification of
03 underlying 07 Idea of Costs 11 Examination
assumptions
Involved
Identification of the
04 organization & 08
potential effects
Personnel
The project format is a project scope that determines all components of the
project, starting by its title and objectives and ongoing up to its financial part.
5. The Purpose and Nature of TCP
5.1 Basic Purpose
To develop
Purpose To strengthen
To expand
5. The Purpose and Nature of TCP
5.2 Design of Results
Training Development
Better trained and Develop and
more proficient application of
technical staff. improved techniques
and technologies.
Results
Efficency Generation
More effective Generating of useful
institutional org. and information for
procedures. development
application.
5. The Purpose and Nature of TCP
5.2 Design of Results: How to deal with TCP
Firstly Secondly Thirdly Lastly
TC presupposes the effects expected the resources whether for technical
working with the from a technical co- provided for co-operation or
staff and institutions operation project are technical co- investment projects,
of the host country, often difficult to operation are there are very few
and its effectiveness define precisely and generally very tested effective
is predicated on analyze rigorously. If modest, resulting in strategies and
timely and efficient the design is ill- projects which are approaches for
absorption of its prepared, the aimed to solve only agricultural and rural
outputs and results problem is further part of the identified development.
by the involved exacerbated. development
counterpart staff and problem.
institutions.
5. The Purpose and Nature of TCP
5.3 Form of Technical Assistance
Direct To compensate for the
absence of locally available
support personnel and equipment.
Training Training staff.
Policy and managerial
Policy advice.
Pilot Projects Testing and implementing
Increasing the interchange
of skills, knowledge and
Skills experience amongst
countries.
5. The Purpose and Nature of TCP
5.4 Project Activities
The training of personnel
that could be realized by fellowships, seminars,
short courses, on-the-job (counterpart) training
and so forth.
Increasing the interchange of Skills
which may be brought about by conferences,
provision of fellowships, study tours,
publications, institutional twinning, etc.
6. Questions
1. What are the four types of Project?
2. Define the Investment Project?
3. Define the programme?
4. What are forms of Technical Assistance?
5. What are the project activities?