Design Principles and
Processes
By: Mr .Kidd
Objectives
At the end of this presentation Students should be able to explain:
design principles
design elements
When you are about to
purchase a product what is
the first thing you notice?
The Design Principles
Line – the most basic element of design is Line. It refers
to the continuous mark made on a surface by a moving
point. Line is often an outline or contour.
Direction- real or imaginary lines that point from one
element to another or that connect different elements.
Uniform Connectedness - An eye gaze creates an
imaginary line between the eye and whatever the eye
is gazing at.
Uniform Connectedness
The Design Principles - Direction
Continuation- The principle relates to elements arranged
along a line or curve as they are moving in the direction of
the line or curve.
The Design Principles - Direction
Common fate - Elements seen as having a common fate
are those that move or appear to move in the same
direction.
The Design Principles - Direction
Parallelism- lines that look like
they are going in the same
direction.
The Design Principles
Style - process of employing tools and materials in a work of art in such
a way as to communicate the personality of an artist, school, or group;
artists whose thoughts, words, or style demonstrate a common
influence or unifying belief.
Shape -when a line encloses an area. It is always defined by boundaries
and more often used to stress a particular portion of a page.
can be created when you are combining all other elements or they
can be combined to create icons or symbols for your design project.
Use shapes to add interest to your elements.
The Design Principles
Size refers to the actual dimensions of a particular
element, while the scale is its relation to the original
value. These elements go hand in hand. They are
responsible for bringing balance, proportion, and contrast
to every design.
Quick quiz
What are the three purpose of size and scale?
Answer
They are responsible for bringing balance, proportion, and
contrast to every design.
The Design Principles
Colour - color affects the mood of the visual design. Color
represents different emotions and represents different
personalities.
For example the use of the color red can incite anger, love, and
passion or strong will. On the other hand, the color blue,
creates a sense of peace, serenity, and security.
The Design Principles
Texture- an element of design referring to surface
qualities; the look or feel of objects.
Texture is hard to identify in today’s visual applications,
but for career graphic designers, texture is a fun and
creative design element that can be experimented with to
add realism to any project design.
The Design Principles
Space- a design element that can be described as two- or
three-dimensional in reference to the distance or area
between, around, above, below, or within objects.
Form - If an object has height, width and depth, it is a
form. A form can be a man-made, geometric shape that is
mathematically precise in all its angles and edges, or it
can be a natural, organic form.
The Design Elements
The Design Elements
Line types – Horizontal, vertical, Diagonal, Broken, Zigzag,
Wavy, curved, spiral.
Line weight - Line weight is the visual lightness, darkness,
or heaviness of a line within a drawing.
The Design Elements
Shades - Shade is when black is added to a color to create
darker values, for example dark blue.
Gradations of value are also used to create the illusion of
depth.
Quiz
What is a shade?
Answer
when black is added to a color to create darker
values,
The Design Elements
Hatching - are patterns used on drawings to act as
symbols for the easy identification, rapid identification
and location of different types of commonly-used
materials, objects and spaces.
The Design Process
The Design Process
Identifyingthe problem - You can’t find a
solution until you have a clear idea of what
the problem is.
Critical analysis of the problem - Collect
sketches, take photographs and gather data
to start giving you inspiration
The Design Process
Generating Alternative solutions - Begin to sketch,
make, and study so you can start to understand
how all the data and information you’ve collected
may impact your design.
Selecting best solution – After comparing data
about each design, you can choose the best one.
The Design Process
Communication of the design ideas - Present your
ideas to as many people as possible: friends,
teachers, professionals, and any others you trust
to give insightful comments.
Development of working drawings – Create
drawings to fully reflect design idea.
The Design Process
Manufacture prototype – Create a few prototypes
for your idea, this will give you a visual look and
you’re now able to see flaws and make correction
to reflect idea.
Testing and evaluation of product - You can test
your prototype to ensure it meets local, regional
and international standards.
Quiz
What is the purpose of creating a prototype?
Answer
this will give you a visual look and you’re now
able to see flaws and make correction to reflect
idea.
The Design Process
Allowing a few persons to test the product as well
provides more insightful feedback and
recommendation.
The Design Process
Code (ISO, BSI) standards – The product design
would have to meet the required standard in the
relevant area for which the product is designed
for.
E.g a screwdriver has to have an insulated handle
which meets the required ISO standards.
Factors that Affect the
Appropriateness of a Design
Factors that Affect the Appropriateness
of a Design
Aesthetics - designed to give pleasure through
beauty.
Functionality - A product should be designed in
such a way that it yields 100% customer
satisfaction. For this, the designer must ensure
that the product is functioning optimally and is
meeting the purpose for which it is designed.
Factors that Affect the Appropriateness
of a Design
Economics – The designer must take into
consideration weather the design is achievable
with consideration of costing.
Environment – Choosing materials that are
environmentally friendly. The designer looks at
the environment the product will be used in
before designing the product.
Factors that Affect the Appropriateness
of a Design
Ergonomics – Should provide comfort and help
with a faster production of work.
Suitability – Designers should think about the
impact their products will have on the
environment and try to minimize the damage.
Factors that Affect the Appropriateness
of a Design
Innovation – the product should be unique and be
able to carrying out of new combinations.
Decoration – Decoration must not distract from
the functional aspects of the design. The
decorative technique must be safe.
Quiz
List three factors that affect the appropriateness
of a design?
Answer
Innovation
Economics
Functionality