Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Pre-Lab: [Link] System
This pre-lab should be printed and completed by the start of lab (Week 12: April 7th – April 11th)
Learning Objec-ves:
ü Define mechanical and chemical diges/on and dis/nguish the difference between both
ü Iden/fy the regions of the diges/ve tract and the accessory organs of the diges/ve
system
ü Iden/fy and describe the gross anatomy of the diges/ve system
ü Iden/fy the blood supply to the major and accessory organs of the diges/ve system
ü Describe the three phases of swallowing
ü
Reminders:
q Lab Prac/cal #2 is during week 14 (April 21st – 25th)
q Tuesday, Thursday and Friday Labs – Presenta/ons during week 15 (April 28th – May 2nd)
Important Organs, Structures, and Hormones
• Tongue • Liver • Small intestines
• Lingual tonsils • Right lobe • Duodenum
• Teeth • Left lobe • Major papilla
• Hard palate • Quadrate lobe • Minor papilla
• Soft palate • Caudate lobe • Jejunum
• Palatine tonsils • Falciform ligament • Ileum
• Uvula • Ligamentum teres • Ileocecal junction
• Pharynx (oropharynx and • Gallbladder • Appendix
laryngopharynx) • Common hepatic duct • Large intestines
• Epiglottis • Cystic duct • Haustra
• Esophagus • Common bile duct • Tenia coli
• Stomach • Hepatopancreatic duct • Epiploic appendages
• Esophageal sphincter • Hepatopancreatic • Cecum
• Cardiac region sphincter • Ascending colon
• Fundus • Hepatopancreatic ampulla • Transverse colon
• Body • Pancreas • Descending colon
• Pylorus • Head • Sigmoid colon
• Pyloric sphincter • Neck • Hepatic flexure and
• Greater and lesser • Body Splenic flexure
curvature • Tail • Rectum and anus
• Rugae • Pancreatic duct
1
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Pre-Lab Por*on – Complete before coming to lab!
The diges-ve system is essen/ally a disassembly line, its primary purpose is to break nutrients
down into forms that can be used by the body and to absorb them so they can be distributed to
the /ssues. The study of the diges/ve tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders is
called gastroenterology.
What are the five stages that process food, extracts nutrients from, and eliminate residue within
the diges/ve system?
What is mechanical diges/on?
What is chemical diges/on?
What is the diges/ve tract?
What are the accessory organs of the diges/ve tract?
2
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Lab Por*on – This sec*on will be complete during the lab!
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model.
Tongue Parotid gland
Teeth
Pharynx
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland Esophagus
Liver Stomach
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Transverse colon
Bile duct
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Small intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
3
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
The Mouth
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model.
Soft palate
Hard palate
Uvula
Tongue
The mouth is also known as the oral or buccal cavity. What are its func/ons?
What does the uvula help with?
What is the role of mas/ca/on?
What muscles are involved in mas/ca/on?
4
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Saliva and the Salivary Glands
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Saliva moistens and cleanses the mouth, inhibits bacterial growth, dissolves molecules so they can s/mulate
the taste buds, digests a liSle starch and fat, and makes swallowing easier by binding food par/cles into a soT
mass (bolus) and lubrica/ng it with mucus. What are the solutes in saliva?
What are the three extrinsic (major) salivary glands?
5
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Swallowing
Fill in the blanks with the different phases of swallowing.
Swallowing, or deglu--on, is a complex ac/on involving over
22 muscles in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus,
coordinated by the swallowing center, a pair of nuclei in the
medulla oblonga.
Which phase is under voluntary control?
Which phase is under involuntary
control? 1. Oral phase – tongue forms a food bolus and pushes
it into the laryngopharynx.
2. pharyngeal phase – palate, tongue, vocal cords, and
epiglottis block the oral and nasal cavities and airway while
pharyngeal constrictors push the bolus into the esophagus.
3. Esophageal phase – peristalsis (wave of involuntary
contractions) drives the bolus downward, and relaxation
6 of
the lower esophageal sphincter admits it into the stomach.
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
The Stomach
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model.
Fundus
Lesser curvature
Body
Pylorus
Pyloric sphincter
Gastric rugae
Greater curvature
What are the four regions of the stomach?
Where are most nutrients absorbed?
7
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
The Liver and Gallbladder
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model.
Right lobe
What func/on of the liver contributes to
diges/on?
Left lobe
What does the gallbladder do?
Falciform
ligament
Anterior View
Inferior vena cava
Caudate lobe
Left lobe
Falciform
ligament
Bile duct
Quadrate lobe
Right lobe
Gallbladder 8
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Gallbladder, Bile, and the Pancreas
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model
hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Bile duct
Accessory Pancreatic duct
pancreatic duct
Duodenum
Tail (of pancreas)
Body (of pancreas)
Head (of pancreas)
Hepatopancreatic
sphincter
Major duodenal papilla
Jejunum
Hepatopancreatic
ampulla
What is the flow of bile from liver to intes/ne?
9
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
The Small Intes-ne
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Nearly all chemical diges/on and nutrient absorp/on occurs in the small intes/ne. What are the three regions of
the small intes/ne?
10
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
The Large Intes-ne
Fill in the blanks on the image and be able to iden-fy them on the model
Right colic
flexure
Left colic
Transverse flexure
colon
Taenia coli
Haustrum
Descending
Ascending colon colon
Ileal papilla Omental
appendices
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Rectum Sigmoid colon
11
Pre-Lab: Digestive System
Clinical
What is a acute pancrea//s?
What is appendici/s?
What is Crohn disease?
What is Dysphagia?
What is ulcera/ve coli/s?
12